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Biomedical subjects

D Holst

Publications and source records attributed to D Holst.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Costs of dental care and medical care paid by the patients].

The National Health Insurance covers a minor part of the expenditures for adults' dental care in Norway. This paper describes the present principles for charging patients for health care services. The paper has 3 aims, 1) to describe patient charges assessed as personal expenditures for dental treatment, 2) to relate patient charges for dental treatment to patient charges for other health services, and thirdly 3) to compare the level of spending for dental care to other household-consumption. Patient charges are higher for dental care than for other non-institutionalized health services. There is an upper limit to patient charges for health services (dental services are not included). The upper limit was approximately 90 in 1987. Above that limit health services are free. Altogether 137,000 persons reached that level of personal expenditures for health services in 1987. The price per unit of dental services is considered rather low in Norway. However, approximately 600,000 adults had expenditures for dental services which exceeded 90. The inconsistency in the present level of patient charges is discussed.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1990

[100,000 more adults visit the dentist: a few results of November 1989].

The aim of the present study was to describe the Norwegian adult population according to: 1. number of teeth present, 2. demand and utilization of dental services, 3. travel time from home to the dentist, 4. dental health behaviour, 5. fear for dental treatment. The analyses were performed on a set of national data collected in 1989, which was representative of the non-institutionalized Norwegian population 20 years and above. The sample size was 1260 individuals. About 75% of the people had 20 teeth or more present. Nine percent were edentulous. Seventy-seven percent who had demanded dental services during the last year. The average expenditure for dental treatment for those who had demanded the services during the last year was NOK 826. Fifty-three percent travelled 15 minutes or less from home to the dentist. Eighteen percent travelled 30 minutes or more. Almost everybody with their own teeth present brushed their teeth regularly once a day. Thirty-three percent of all dentate people used woodsticks regularly once a day, while 20% used toothfloss regularly. Seventy-five percent had no to mild fear of the dentist, while 7% had a strong fear. Fear of the dentist was higher among women than among men. Fear of the dentist decreased by increasing age. Few people, less than 4%, had cancelled a dental appointment because of dental anxiety. There has been an improvement in dental health and dental health behaviour in Norway during the 1970's and 1980's. These improvements are discussed with special attention paid to the findings from the present study.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Use of dental services among Danish youths: role of the social environment, the individual, and the delivery system.

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the separate effect and the total effect of the social environment, the individual and the delivery system on frequency of use of dental services among youths. The variables of use were divided into the three main groups according to Coleman (12). Information concerning use of dental services, individual and structural variables was obtained by a self-administered questionnaire to 756 Danes 20-21 yr old in 1984-85. Information concerning social environmental variables was obtained by a postal questionnaire to the mothers of the individuals in 1974 (16). Information from 552 mothers was available. Firstly, the variables concerning the social environment were inserted into a multiple dummy regression analysis as independent variables, and it was found that the following characteristics of the mothers were significant predictors: regularity of dental visits and perceived economic barriers. Secondly, the variables concerning the individual resources were set into a multiple dummy regression model as independent variables. The results showed that the following variables had a significant effect: sex, social conditions, pain tolerance, dental anxiety, and perceived economic barriers. Thirdly, multiple dummy regression analysis showed that among the structural variables general assessment of Child Dental Care compared to Youth Dental Care, and a personality assessment of the general dental practitioner were significant predictors. Finally the predictors from the three main groups all together were inserted as independent dummy variables into a regression model. The results showed that sex, social conditions, pain tolerance, dental anxiety, perceived economic barriers of the youth themselves, general assessment of Child Dental Care compared to Youth Dental Care were significant predictors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Validity of CPITN's hierarchical scoring method for describing the prevalence of periodontal conditions.

CPITN has been a frequently used index in periodontal epidemiology during the last decade. It was originally designed to describe treatment needs in populations. For this purpose, it was decided to record only the worst periodontal condition around each index tooth. Such a recording procedure can be regarded as a hierarchical scoring method. Recently, CPITN has been used and recommended for describing the prevalence of periodontal conditions. For this purpose, the index should give a valid estimate of the true periodontal conditions of the index tooth, and not only a recording of the worst condition. The aim of the present study was to test whether the hierarchical assumption of CPITN concerning treatment needs was valid for describing the prevalence of periodontal conditions in a Scandinavian population. The study population comprised 3330 persons from a rural and an urban area in the county of Trøndelag, Norway. The clinical recording was carried out so that it was possible to analyze the indicators both hierarchically and non-hierarchically. The results showed that nearly all the CPITN indicators scored hierarchically gave a correct estimate of the prevalence of bleeding in the population. CPITN codes 3 and 4 overestimated the prevalence of calculus. The degree of overestimation varied by age and tooth type. Most overestimation of calculus occurred on molar teeth with pockets 3.5-5.5 mm and for individuals 13-14 yr of age. There was almost no overestimation of calculus for those aged 65 yr and above.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Some characteristics of patients given dental treatment under general anesthesia.

The attitude to treatment of dental diseases under general anesthesia has been rather restricted in the dental profession in Scandinavia. Yet, some patients with certain medical conditions and patients haunted by anxiety may not be able to have conventional dental treatment. During the period 1975-1983, 1067 patients were treated in a group practice in Oslo. These patients are described with regard to gender, age, reasons for treatment, place of residence, source of referral, and type of treatment given. Some of the data are related to the year of treatment. The profile of patients changed during the observation period. At the beginning most of the patients came from Oslo and were less than 6 years old, whereas at the end most of the patients were more than 15 years old, lived outside Oslo, and had more conservative than radical treatment. It is concluded that there will probably always be a small group for whom dental treatment under general anesthesia will be necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Development of dental status and treatment behavior among Norwegian adults 1973-85.

Utilization rates, types of dental services received and reports on number of teeth present were studied through seven sets of cross-sectional data collected in 1973, '77, '79, '81, '83 and '85. Personal interviews performed by trained interviewers were held with nationwide probability samples, each of 1500 persons covering the Norwegian population aged 15 and above. During the 12-yr period, the percentage of the samples reporting to have 20 or more teeth increased from 63 in 1973 to 74 in 1985, while the percentage of edentulous subjects dropped from 16 to 12. The time interval since the last dental visit decreased continuously: in 1973, 58% of the sample reported to have paid a dental visit during the last year, in 1983, 70%. Correspondingly, a higher proportion of the samples stated they were regular treatment attenders (52% in 1973 and 67% in 1985), while the proportion of "irregulars" dropped. Although the regularity of the visits probably was somewhat overreported, the favorable trend was substantiated by the information on services received: extractions, denture services and fillings diminished, while preventive and "other" services gained importance. Possible explanations and implications for dental practice and education are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Longitudinal study of dental health behaviors and other caries predictors in early childhood.

This longitudinal study of 231 preschoolchildren from a medium sized Norwegian town had three aims: firstly, to examine the children's early dental behavior, secondly to study the variation of dental health behavior according to mother's education, mother's dental health, and her dental attendance pattern, and thirdly to identify any behavioral or social predictors of dental caries in 36-month-old children. Data were collected at health centers, using precoded questionnaires and examinations, when the children were 6, 18, and 36 months old. Data about the mothers were collected at the maternity ward. At 36 months of age, 80% of the children were caries free. Favorable dental behaviors were related to toothbrushing and use of fluorides. These behaviors were so well established and consistent at all ages that they can be regarded as norms for this community. The most unfavorable and inconsistent behavior was related to sugar consumption. Dental health education could be most usefully applied to this area, where the greatest potential for improvement in behavior exists. A relationship was found between the children's caries experience and the number of missing teeth of the mother, her dental attendance pattern and her level of education. None of the social or behavioral variables tested had a strong enough association with caries experience to justify their use as caries predictors in this age group.

Child Behavior↗
PubMed1987

The effect of 2 teaching programs on the gingival health of 15-year-old schoolchildren.

The present study evaluated the effect of 2 different dental health education programs on schoolchildren's gingival health and identified the subgroups best reached with these programs. The traditional program was the same as the yearly recurrent Dental Health Week (DHW)--comprising an informational package submitted to the teachers. The comprehensive program was in addition to the DHW-package, based on principles in social learning theory and research. Data from 15 schools in 5 municipalities, comprising 1167 students, were used. 1/3 of the children made up a reference group. Each subject was clinically examined 3 weeks before and 3 weeks after the intervention, and rated by using the non-bleeding papillae index (NBP). A questionnaire was completed by each of the 15-year-olds at the time of the second examination. The overall increase in NBP-index scores was from 38.9% to 43.1% in the traditional program and from 45.4% to 52.1% in the comprehensive one. The difference between the programs was not significant. After adjusting for social status variables, sex and initial bleeding, an effect of the comprehensive program appeared (p less than 0.01). The strongest effect of the comprehensive program was found among the schoolchildren with poor initial gingival health. Our findings support the theory of active participation, visualization and involvement of parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Caries experience of disabled school-age children.

A group of 415 disabled school-age children representing 10 different disabling conditions (hereafter called diagnostic groups) were examined and DMFT registered. Parents were interviewed about problems and habits relevant to dental health. The purpose was to study the relationship between different background variables and DMFT. It was assumed that the DMFT might have been influenced by both various predisposing conditions and factors of everyday life. Therefore two indices were made. A multiple classification analysis (MCA) was used to assess the relative importance of different background variables. Age, mother's education, everyday life factors and diagnosis were the variables showing the strongest association with DMFT. Children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, epilepsy and cystic fibrosis had a higher DMFT than the other diagnostic groups.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1986

Dental health behavior in a migrant perspective: use of dental services of Pakistani immigrants in Norway.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the utilization pattern of dental services in a group of Pakistani immigrants in Norway. Use was related to sociodemographic characteristics, level of urbanization in Pakistan, knowledge and belief about dental diseases and evaluated and perceived dental health. A total of 160 immigrants were clinically examined and interviewed by a structured questionnaire. The effect change analysis was performed, and separate analyses were performed for men and women. Altogether 60% had visited the dentist during the last 3 yr. While 69% coming from the cities had been to the dentist in Norway, this was the case for only 38% of those from the villages of Pakistan. Pain was given as the main reason for dental visits, and the data indicated insufficient ability to perform self-assessment of own dental health. The independent variables could explain more of the variance in use of dental services among the Pakistani men (R2 = 40%) than among the women (R2 = 21%). While number of decayed teeth and level of urbanization were among the strongest predictors among the men, dental behavior in Pakistan and number of years in Norway were of importance among the women. The latter variable indicated that the women in terms of dental behavior had a higher degree of acculturation than the men, leading to a change in traditional health behavior.

Adult↗