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Biomedical subjects

D Hydén

Publications and source records attributed to D Hydén.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Acute peripheral facial palsy: CSF findings and etiology.

CSF and serum were examined in acute and convalescence phase from 56 patients with acute idiopathic peripheral facial palsy. CSF protein analysis, viral and borrelia serology were performed. Borrelia infection was found in 9/56 cases and was often associated with inflammatory CSF findings. One patient each had serological evidence for a recent or ongoing infection with herpes simplex, varicella zoster, adeno, influenza B, echo and Epstein-Barr virus, but none had specific intrathecal antibody synthesis; 11 patients had a serological pattern compatible with a reactivated Epstein-Barr virus infection. Eleven patients displayed mononuclear CSF pleocytosis. Four of them had a borrelia infection. A disturbed blood-brain barrier was observed in 19 patients. Intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis as indicated by elevated IgM-indices was found in 16 patients and by IgG indices in three. Nine patients had oligoclonal IgG bands in serum and CSF, three exclusively in CSF. It is concluded that patients with facial palsy often have inflammatory CSF findings, indicating a generalised central nervous system affection, and not only a mononeuritis. The importance of viral infections in the pathogenesis is still obscure. Borrelia is the most common infectious cause of facial palsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Ramsay-Hunt syndrome in a preschool infant.

The Ramsay-Hunt syndrome affects mostly adults. The recovery of facial nerve function, according to recent literature, seems better than has been generally accepted. A small number of children with herpes zoster oticus have been reported. We describe a case of Ramsay-Hunt syndrome in a healthy 3 1/2-year-old girl. She still had an obvious facial palsy after 12 months. Three out of 6 reported children with herpes zoster oticus have had a slow recovery of the facial nerve function. This suggests a less favorable prognosis in children than in adults. Although not successful in this case, acyclovir should be tried early in the course of the disease.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1989

Visual suppression tests in acoustic neuroma patients.

Fifty-five patients with a unilateral acoustic neuroma were investigated preoperatively with visual suppression tests during rotatory oscillation and caloric irrigation. During a sinusoidal oscillation, 29% of the patients showed a reduced suppression compared to 9% during pseudo-random oscillation and 11% in the caloric test. In the sinusoidal and caloric tests the majority of the patients with deficient suppression had large or medium-sized tumors. In a few patients with small tumors, pathology was observed in both sinusoidal and randomized tests, presumably as a sign of unconcentration. The study shows that the sinusoidal visual suppression test and to a lesser degree suppression during caloric irrigation are of value for identification of brainstem-cerebellum compression of acoustic neuromas.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Broad-frequency rotatory testing.

The method of broad-frequency-band rotatory testing with results from normal subjects and patients with peripheral uni- and bilateral loss as well as central vestibular disorders are reviewed. The following conclusions are drawn: adequate testing of the vestibulo-ocular reflex including side detection of unilateral loss in light or in darkness can only be done with either random or high-frequency (2.5-3 Hz) sinusoidal stimulation. Measurements of compensatory eye movements at lower frequencies where vestibular and non-vestibular signals interact are of interest for central vestibular diagnosis. A decreased ability to suppress vestibular nystagmus is not an uncommon finding in patients with large acoustic neuromas or pathology in the brainstem or cerebellum.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1988

Vestibular and audiologic functions in gentamicin-treated Menière's disease.

Fifteen patients with disabling Meniere's disease were treated with local intratympanic administration of gentamicin once daily. They had suffered from frequent attacks of vertigo and vomiting, the hearing in the affected ears was decreased permanently, and spontaneous nystagmus was observed. The number of treatment days ranged between 3 and 11. Follow-up time was 1 to 6 years. For evaluation of the treatment, audiologic and vestibular examinations were used, including the broad frequency-band rotatory test (0.4-4.5 Hz). Fourteen patients were free from vertigo after treatment. In 5 patients, there was an increased hearing loss, and in 10 it remained unchanged. Tinnitus and fullness sensations were diminished. After treatment, all ears were unresponsive to caloric stimulation. The clinical examination and rotatory testing in light with sinusoidal stimulation revealed good central compensation of the vestibular loss. However, with pseudorandomized oscillations in darkness, the broad frequency-band rotatory test quantified the loss of peripheral vestibular function and was able to detect the side of the lesion in eight of nine patients.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1985

Response of the human vestibulo-ocular reflex following long-term 2x magnified visual input.

This study examines the contribution of predictive motor programming to the adjustment of vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gains after exposure to spectacles with a 2X magnification. When fully adapted, subjects exhibited two-fold gain increases with a 3 Hz sinewave stimulus with both an imaginary earth-fixed and imaginary moving target. Before complete adaptation was achieved, quick phases embedded in the slow component were observed intermittently which compensated for insufficient VOR gain. At 0.5 Hz in the same state of full adaptation during fixation of an imaginary earth-fixed target subjects exhibited a gain increase of only approximately 75% indicating that the contribution of VOR adjustment is not sufficient for perfect visual stabilization at lower frequencies. Over the range of random stimulation (0.5-5 Hz), the VOR failed to exhibit complete adaptation. The degree of adaptation derived with a VOR-cancellation task was less overall than that with a task requiring perfect compensatory eye movements. These findings indicate that central motor programmes are required in the adaptive process to achieve visual stability.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1985

Peripheral facial palsy in children. A cerebrospinal fluid study.

Seven children and five adults with acute, peripheral facial palsy were investigated by clinical, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations. Routine blood examinations and blood and CSF serological tests were normal. In all children studied the CSF showed an increased number of mononuclear white cells despite the absence of clinical signs of meningitis in all but one. Two of the twelve patients studied had normal CSF. Contrary to that in adults the outcome in children was excellent, all recovered totally within three months. The present study indicates that acute, peripheral facial palsy is a manifestation of a generalized disorder with subclinical pathology of the central nervous system, and that in children a lumbar puncture should be done, even if there are no signs of meningitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The influence of trichloroethylene and related drugs on the vestibular system.

A previously described experimental model for studying the effect of industrial solvents on the vestibular system of rabbits has been applied to trichloroethylene. Estimation of trichloroethylene and its metabolites in blood and cerebrospinal fluid was performed by gas chromatography. Vestibular function was studied by recording nystagmus, induced by positional changes or accelerated rotation. At blood levels of trichloroethylene above 30 p.p.m. "positional nystagmus" develops. Two metabolites of trichloroethylene, chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol, which are known as central nervous system (CNS) depressants, did not induce this abnormal nystagmus. However, alpha-chloralose, a derivative of chloral hydrate, induced positional nystagmus and also a markedly exaggerated nystagmus developed during rotatory acceleration. It is suggested that solvents like trichloroethylene elicit vestibular disturbances by stimulation of central subcortical vestibulo-oculomotor connections. The stimulation may be caused by a blockage of inhibitory systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Vestibular symptoms in mumps deafness.

Deafness appears in as many as 4% of adult cases of epidemic parotitis. It is often severe, though reversible and is usually unilateral. Vertigo has been reported in mumps, as have occasional cases with impaired caloric reaction. Twenty cases of unilateral hearing impairment in mumps have been investigaed with audiometry and electronystagmography in order to determine the degree of permanent lesions. Nine of the patients had noted vertigo when falling ill with protitis. Five of these had normal calorics, 3 were impaired and one was without response in the deaf ear. No certain correlation between vertigo and permanent caloric impairment was found. An interesting finding was that 5 cases without vertigo showed an impaired or absent caloric responsiveness, which might confuse future diagnostics. Presumably, most patients with hearing impairment in mumps suffer vesticular damage, but the acute vertigo in early childhood is easily overlooked. No certain correlation between age at the onset of mumps and any permanent caloric disturbance was found. One mumps case is described, in which a severe hearing loss and caloric impairment returned to normal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Exposure of rabbits to styrene. Electronystagmographic findings correlated to the styrene level in blood and cerebrospinal fluid.

Objective methods for critically evaluating the toxic effect of industrial solvents are highly desirable. As many of these solvents are suspected to cause vertigo, an animal experimental model was set up for studying the effects of solvents on the vestibular systems. The vestibular function was studied by registration of involuntary eye movements--nystagmus--which are elicited via central vestibulo-oculomotor connections. During exposure to styrene a so-called positional nystagmus was demonstrated that indicated vestibular disturbances. Nystagmus is normally elicited by rotatory acceleration. During exposure to styrene the direction of this rotatory nystagmus was reversed. The incidence of the positional nystagmus correlated well with the blood level of the solvent, measured by gas chromatography. Kinetic studies also demonstrated a rapid equilibration between the level of the solvent in arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and therefore suggested that estimation of the arterial level reliably indicates the level in the central nervous system.

Animals↗