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D I Gregorio

Publications and source records attributed to D I Gregorio.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Encouraging screening mammograms. Results of the 1988 Connecticut Breast Cancer Detection Awareness Campaign.

Connecticut's first Breast Cancer Detection Awareness Campaign during April 1988 offered low-cost screening mammograms ($50) to women over age 34 who had not been previously examined. Following a brief mass media campaign, some 2,500 inquiries about the program were received over a seven-day period, resulting in 1,243 examinations of the detection of eight breast cancers. Program participants cited an enhanced awareness that a baseline examination was due, and knowledge about the availability of low-cost services as reasons for obtaining a screening mammogram. Their reasons for not having been previously screened included not having been advised by physicians to have such an examination (28%); high cost (37%); and failure to recognize the importance of periodic screening (21%). By contrast, relatively few women expressed concern about the test procedure (12%), or fear of finding cancer (9%) as reasons for not being screened previously. These findings underscore the benefit of cancer control efforts to reduce access and information barriers to regular use of mammography by women.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

An estimate of blood donor eligibility in the general population.

To estimate the number of adults medically eligible to donate blood, the percent of the general population over the age of 16 deferrable by 13 current American Red Cross donor guidelines was calculated using the best available United States data. Categories examined included age, weight, hematocrit, pregnancy, blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes requiring insulin, male homosexual activity since 1977, intravenous drug use, sexual partner of high-risk group member, recent transfusion, history of cancer, and other (medical, surgical, travel history). Sex-specific total eligibility rates were estimated by serial multiplication of individual eligibility rates (1.0 minus deferral rates) to account for the proportionate overlap of independent categories, with corrections for expected associations between categories. The resultant eligibility rates for women (57%) and men (70%) indicate fewer eligible donors than commonly stated. Surrogate testing (ALT, anti-HBc) for non-A, non-B hepatitis would further reduce the percent of eligible donors to 55 and 67%, respectively. Based on the actual numbers of women and men in the population, these calculations indicate that an equal number of women and men are medically eligible to donate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Screening prospective blood donors for AIDS risk factors: will sufficient donors be found?

Using data from various sources--we estimate that 14 to 19 per cent of American males 17-75 have personal histories that place them at high risk of transmitting the HIV infection while an additional 2 per cent of adult females may be similarly affected. Because roughly one fourth of either group may already be unsuited to give blood, we estimate that 10-14 per cent of adult males, and 1 per cent of females would be specifically deferred from giving blood because of personal histories of high-risk behavior. Local adjustments in the assumptions underlying these estimates are needed to apply them to given communities.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Fluctuations in odds ratios due to variance differences in case-control studies.

If small effects of exposure on disease outcome are to be appropriately assessed, it is necessary to consider all potential sources of the fluctuation of relative odds. The authors consider the impact of differential variance in case and control exposure reports on the magnitude of the observed relative odds. With equal dispersion of case and control exposure, a difference in mean exposure generally produces a dose-response increase in relative odds. The combination of equal mean and unequal dispersion of case and control exposure produces a curvilinear pattern of relative odds. Greater mean exposure and dispersion of exposure among cases produce odds ratios lower than those that would be observed if dispersion among cases and controls were equal. Conversely, less dispersion among cases than among controls produces higher relative odds estimates. Differential error as a source of differential dispersion constitutes a potentially important source of bias.

Epidemiology↗
PubMed1985

Dietary fat consumption and survival among women with breast cancer.

An historical prospective study was conducted to examine the relationship of dietary fat intake to disease progression and length of survival of 953 women with breast cancer. Estimates of monthly fat intake were based on patient responses about usual frequency of consuming 33 foods and beverages prior to symptom onset. Average estimated monthly fat intake did not vary by stage of disease at diagnosis. When controlling for disease stage and patient age at diagnosis, the estimated risk of death at any time increased 1.4-fold for each 1,000 g in monthly fat intake. Separate analysis by disease stage showed this association to be most pronounced for subjects with advanced disease. The need for future studies to incorporate clinical and pathologic factors in the analysis, to distinguish between sources of dietary fat intake, and to ascertain dietary patterns subsequent to breast cancer diagnosis was noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Delay, stage of disease, and survival among White and Black women with breast cancer.

Delay in obtaining treatment, stage of disease at diagnosis, and five-year survival were compared for 29 Black and 156 White females treated for breast cancer at Roswell Park Memorial Institute between 1957 and 1965. No statistically significant differences were found between Black and White patients in treatment delay although a tendency for longer delay among Blacks was noted. Race had little effect on survival when delay, stage of disease, and age were controlled.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of education and experience on ethical attitudes in neonatal intensive care.

A cross-sectional survey of medical students, pediatrics residents, and neonatologists attempted to identify the combined influence of education and experience on ethical attitudes regarding the management of infants weighing less than 750 g at birth. Of the 120 people surveyed, 94 (78%) returned usable surveys. All groups rated quality of life the most important criterion in treatment decisions. Conversely, cost was rated least important by each group. In addition, cost was rated relatively more important by the clinical medical students than by the preclinical students, residents, or neonatologists. The neonatologist was rated the most important decision maker by the neonatologists and the residents. The parents were rated most important by both groups of students. Severe mental retardation was regarded as an unacceptable quality of life by 82% of the neonatologists, 63% of the residents, 61% of the clinical students, and 48% of the preclinical students. Severe cerebral palsy was considered an unacceptable quality of life by 73% of the neonatologists, 63% of the residents, 50% of the clinical students, and only 32% of the preclinical students. Finally, the anticipated long-term outcome of extremely-low-birth-weight infants was viewed more positively by the neonatologists than by the other groups surveyed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detecting colorectal cancer with a large scale fecal occult blood testing program.

The researchers analyzed outcome data for 439 persons who had positive fecal occult blood tests in a 1984 statewide program for Connecticut residents. Among those with positive test results, colorectal cancer was diagnosed in 33 persons, 7.5 percent of the sample, during 3.5 years of follow-up. More than one-half of all cases found, 15 of 29 persons, or 52 percent, were diagnosed with in-situ or localized tumors, which are most likely to be treated successfully. The predictive value of a positive test varied according to the screened person's age and the number of positive tests obtained from that person. Among those 60 years or older, the positive predictive value of the screening test was 9 percent, compared to 3 percent for persons younger than 60 years. Having more than one positive test was associated with a positive predictive value of 12 percent, compared to 5 percent for one positive test. The findings support the use of fecal occult blood testing for early detection of colorectal cancer.

Aged↗