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Biomedical subjects

D J Burden

Publications and source records attributed to D J Burden.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The effect of etch duration on the microstructure of molar enamel: an in vitro study.

This in vitro study evaluated the influence of varying etch time on the microstructure of molar buccal enamel. The buccal surfaces of four groups of extracted first molar teeth were etched for 15, 30, 45, and 60 seconds. The etch patterns obtained were photographed with a scanning electron microscope and rated with a 3-grade scale. The 15-second etch time failed to produce any optimal etch patterns. The best etch patterns were found in molars etched for 60 seconds.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1996

An investigation of tooth size in Northern Irish people with bimaxillary dental protrusion.

This study examined tooth size in a sample of thirty Northern Irish people with bimaxillary dental protrusion. The mesiodistal diameters of all permanent teeth (excluding second and third molars) were measured. The tooth sizes were compared with a control group who did not have bimaxillary dental protrusion. The results revealed that, on average, tooth size for the overall maxillary and mandibular dentition was 5.7 per cent larger in the bimaxillary sample than in the control sample.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Training dental nurses in the use of the PAR Index: a pilot study.

This paper reports the results of a PAR Index training and calibration course organized for dental nurses. Using a similar contact teaching time to that normally employed when training orthodontists, approximately one-quarter of the dental nurses were successfully calibrated in the use of the PAR Index.

Bias↗
PubMed1995

Pilot study of an orthodontic treatment need learning package for general dental practitioners.

This pilot study evaluated an Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need Learning Package which was developed for use by general dental practitioners. Fifty-seven dentists participated in a randomised controlled trial which involved assessing the need for orthodontic treatment among two representative samples of 16 study casts. All the dentists assessed the first set of study casts without any aids or assistance. During the assessment of the second set of study casts one group of dentists used an IOTN Learning Package in the form of a poster, another group used an IOTN Learning Package in the form of a booklet, and the remaining group acted as a control and did not use any Learning Package. The results reveal that compared with the control dentists, the dentists using the IOTN poster and the IOTN booklet had, respectively, 1.8 and 2.6 fewer errors when assessing aesthetic need and 2.0 and 2.1 fewer errors when assessing dental health need.

Female↗
PubMed1995

The influence of social class, gender, and peers on the uptake of orthodontic treatment.

The accurate prediction of the future demand for orthodontic treatment requires an understanding of the factors which influence the uptake of orthodontic treatment. This paper examines the influence of social class, gender, and peer group on the uptake of orthodontic treatment. A representative random sample comprising five-hundred-and-forty 15- and 16-year-old adolescents were interviewed in school. The results indicate that familiarity with orthodontic appliances among a subject's peer group has a greater influence on the uptake of orthodontic treatment than the subject's social class or gender.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

An investigation of the association between overjet size, lip coverage, and traumatic injury to maxillary incisors.

This study investigated the association between overjet size and lip coverage when assessing the likelihood of traumatic injury to maxillary incisors. Eleven-hundred-and-thirty-seven 11- and 12-year-olds were examined in school for traumatic injury to their maxillary incisors. The size of overjet and the adequacy of lip coverage of the maxillary incisors was assessed for each child. One-hundred-and-sixty-seven (15 per cent) had experienced traumatic injury to their maxillary incisors. Both increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage of the maxillary incisors were found to be significant risk factors. However, inadequate lip coverage was the single most important independent predictor of traumatic injury (P < 0.001), with a relative odds ratio of 2.62. The results suggest that much of the predictive value of increased overjet may be explained by inadequate lip coverage.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1995

Calibration of dentists in the use of occlusal indices.

Dentists' opinions as to both need for and outcome of orthodontic treatment show wide variation. Within the profession there is an opportunity to reduce subjective bias and standardise criteria by the use of occlusal indices. The results of this study demonstrate that a group of dentists can easily be trained to record the Aesthetic and Dental Health Components of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and the PAR index to a satisfactory level.

Bias↗
PubMed1995

The ranking of dental aesthetics.

This study examined the effectiveness of three different aesthetic ranking systems. The Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (10 photographs), a numerical scale illustrated with three photographs and a numerical scale with only two photographs were assessed. Ten general dental practitioners ranked the attractiveness of dentitions using each aesthetic scale. A greater tendency to underscore was detected when the dentists used the two-photograph scale. Reducing the number of photographs in the aesthetic scale did not significantly improve the dentists ability to rank dental aesthetics.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Self-perception of malocclusion among adolescents.

This study investigated the self-perception of malocclusion among 506 15 and 16-year-old children. The Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need was used to allocate each subject to 'no aesthetic need' for treatment, 'borderline aesthetic need', or 'definite aesthetic need' for treatment subgroups. The results indicate that adolescents who were scored by a trained examiner (using IOTN) as having similar dental aesthetics have similar perceptions of their malocclusion irrespective of their gender or social background.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Residual orthodontic treatment need in a sample of 15- and 16-year-olds.

This study investigated the residual unmet orthodontic need, both normative and perceived, in young adults who had passed the age at which orthodontic treatment would have normally commenced. A total of 506 15- and 16-year-olds attending eight secondary schools were screened by a single trained examiner using the 'Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need' (IOTN). There were 154 (30.4%) subjects classified as being in need of orthodontic treatment using IOTN and 82 of these (16% of the sample) were found to be in need of orthodontic treatment but had no recollection of orthodontic treatment ever being discussed with them. Children with malocclusion, who had received no orthodontic advice, came from across the range of socio-economic groups, were more likely to be male, and were less likely to be happy with their appearance than their unaffected peers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The need for orthodontic treatment in the child population of the United Kingdom.

The effective management of a public dental health system requires accurate data on the needs of the population. Previous assessments of the levels of orthodontic treatment need in populations, by both epidemiologists and orthodontists, vary considerably. This paper presents the findings of two independent investigations into orthodontic treatment need in the United Kingdom using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN, Brook and Shaw, 1989). The results indicate that approximately one-third of 11-12-year-olds were in objective need of orthodontic treatment. The basis for allocation to the treatment need groups was similar in both studies, as were the proportions of the most severe occlusal traits.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1994

Effectiveness of a personalised referral letter following orthodontic screening.

No data exist on the usefulness of orthodontic screening in guiding those children who need orthodontic treatment towards professional advice. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a personalised referral letter following an orthodontic screening programme employing an objective measure of treatment need, the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Out of a total sample of 924 children aged 11-12 yr, 201 were in need of orthodontic treatment and no orthodontic treatment was planned. From this subsample test and control groups matched for sex, socio-economic background, dental disease and aesthetic impairment were created. Following screening, the parents of the test group only were sent a specific orthodontic referral letter. The dental practitioners of the children in the test and control groups were contacted during a follow-up investigation carried out 8 months later, this revealed that significantly more children entered orthodontic treatment pathways from the test group. This study demonstrated that a screening programme, using IOTN as a screening test, and a referral procedure which provided parents with specific information were successful in guiding over one third of children with a need for orthodontic treatment towards orthodontic advice.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1994

A comparison of orthodontic screening methods used in school dental inspections.

The validity of two currently used orthodontic screening programmes was investigated and compared to an objective measure of need for orthodontic treatment. The results indicate that existing orthodontic screening methods underestimate the numbers of children with severe malocclusions. The use of a more objective measure of orthodontic treatment need is recommended.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Second molar extraction in the treatment of lower premolar crowding.

Thirty-four children with lower premolar crowding were treated by extraction of second molars. Thirteen cases had mechanical lower arch treatment started not less than 6 months after extractions. The remainder had no treatment in the lower arch. The change in premolar crowding was measured, and the reasons why spontaneous alignment occurred in some cases and not in others were examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Orthodontic headgear related to allergic contact dermatitis: a case report.

A case is reported of a 13-year-old girl who developed a facial rash shortly after orthodontic headgear was fitted. Patch testing revealed that she was strongly allergic to nickel and also allergic to cobalt and chrome. A diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis was made. Painting the metal buckle of the cervical strap with polyurethane paint prevented further development of her rash, while allowing her orthodontic treatment to progress.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Surgical and orthodontic management of compound odontoma.

Practitioners should always consider the possibility of an odontoma when the eruption of teeth is delayed. The authors report an example of compound odontoma associated with delayed eruption of incisor teeth, and describe the surgical and orthodontic management of the case.

Child↗