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Biomedical subjects

D J Butler

Publications and source records attributed to D J Butler.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Family practice residents' learning needs and beliefs about office-based psychological counseling.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Teaching office-based psychological counseling is an essential component of family practice training. Most counseling training has been adapted from other disciplines without adequately identifying residents' learning needs, attitudes, and beliefs about counseling. This study was designed to 1) assess family practice residents' perceived learning needs for counseling, and 2) elicit and clarify their attitudes and beliefs about counseling. METHODS: Three consecutive groups of residents anonymously recorded their questions about psychological counseling. These questions were presented to the residents in focus groups for elaboration and clarification of underlying attitudes and beliefs. A consensus panel then categorized the learning needs and identified residents' attitudes and beliefs. RESULTS: Eighty-six distinct learning need questions were identified. These items clustered into four categories: skill development, problem/patient selection, practice management, and role confusion. Focus group findings identified four major themes: the need for limits and boundaries, limited understanding of change and the therapeutic process, doubts about personal readiness, and difficulty with the integration of mind and body. CONCLUSION: These findings parallel the concerns of physicians in practice and reinforce the need to identify resident concerns about office-based counseling. Failure to identify and respond to learner concerns may limit the effectiveness of teaching efforts in this curricular area.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Physician impairment: physicians' exposure, attitudes, and beliefs.

Concern about physician impairment has resulted in increased efforts to educate physicians about its nature and scope. This study reports the results of a survey of how family physicians obtain information about impairment, which sources they value, and how exposure to impairment relates to their attitudes and beliefs. A significant association was found between involvement in group-oriented programs and recognition of risk factors unique to the profession. Important differences were found between physicians who acknowledged the role of personal vulnerability in impairment and those who attributed causality to external sources. Results also revealed that this sample of physicians was almost equally divided on whether impairment should be defined exclusively by professional conduct.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The use of isoelectric focusing to identify rhinoceros keratins.

Keratins represent the principal structural proteins of hair. They are also found in horn, nail, claw, hoof, and feather. Hair and nail samples from human and canine sources and hair samples from mule deer, white tail deer, cat, moose, elk, antelope, caribou, raccoon, and goat were studied. Parrot and goose feathers were also analyzed. Keratins are polymorphic, and species differences are known to exist. Proteinaceous extracts of deer and antelope antlers and bovine and rhinoceros horn were prepared by solubilizing 10 mg of horn sample in 200 microL of a solution containing 12M urea, 74mM Trizma base, and 78mM dithiothreitol (DTT). Extraction took place over a 48-h period. A 25-microL aliquot of extract was removed and incubated with 5 microL of 0.1 M DTT for 10 min at 25 degrees C. Keratins were then separated by isoelectric focusing (IEF) on 5.2% polyacrylamide gels for 3 h and visualized using silver staining. At least 20 bands could be observed for each species studied. However, band patterns differed in the position of each band, in the number of bands, and in band coloration resulting from the silver staining process. Horn from two species of rhinoceros was examined. For both specimens, most bands occurred in the pH range of 4 to 5. Although similar patterns for both species were observed, they differed sufficiently to differentiate one from the other. As might be expected, the closer two species are related phylogenetically, the greater the similarity in the IEF pattern produced from their solubilized keratin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Field stimulation responses of rat urinary bladder detrusor smooth-muscle. Dependence upon slow calcium channel activity determined by K+ depolarization and calcium antagonists.

Field stimulation responses of rat urinary bladder detrusor smooth muscle were unaffected by atropine, phentolamine, propranolol, caffeine and theophylline. After caffeine or theophylline treatment, previously quiescent detrusor preparations developed pronounced spontaneous contractile activity. Both natural spontaneous contractile activity and field stimulation responses were eliminated in Ca-free EGTA media. After washout, both kinds of activity returned but over quite different time scales. At moderate levels of K+-induced depolarization which inactivate fast Ca-channels, field stimulation responses persisted and additively superimposed upon the K+-induced tension, suggesting that field stimulation-induced depolarization had activated slow voltage-dependent Ca-channels. Almost 61% of detrusor muscle preparations examined showed some spontaneous contractile activity. Such preparations were more sensitive to K+-induced depolarization than quiescent preparations and K+-depolarization greatly accelerated the spontaneous activity of these muscle strips. The slow Ca-channel blockers nifedipine and verapamil eliminated field stimulation responses in the 10(-6)-10(-5) M range, but octylonium bromide was far less effective even at 10(-4) M. The inorganic Ca-channel blocker Mn2+ inhibited field stimulation responses at 0.5-1.0 mM but La3+ was surprisingly far less effective than Mn2+ in this concentration range, requiring a 1 mM level to achieve a 50% inhibition of response. It is concluded that field stimulation induced a depolarization of rat urinary bladder detrusor muscle which activates slow voltage-dependent Ca-channels. Field stimulation responses and natural spontaneous activity appear to strongly depend upon a sustained Ca influx through these channels for the sustained release of intracellular calcium and the maintenance of contractile force.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Malignant granuloma.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Amputation: preoperative psychological preparation.

More than 90 percent of all amputations are now due to the complications of chronic disease. Because most amputations can be anticipated, the preoperative period allows the opportunity for psychological preparation of the patient. This article highlights the important contribution family physicians can make before patients undergo amputation. Common patient reactions before and after amputation are reviewed, and an illustrative case is described. Our experience and review of the literature suggest that psychological intervention during the preoperative period is associated with a less complicated postoperative adjustment and grieving experience. The family physician can promote patient adjustment by providing accurate information, eliciting unspoken fears, and encouraging the involvement of the patient's family. By emphasizing the patient's enduring characteristics and his or her past coping ability, we believe that family physicians can lessen the psychological distress of amputation and facilitate adaptation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗