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Biomedical subjects

D J Carter

Publications and source records attributed to D J Carter.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Endogenously expressed estrogen receptor and coactivator AIB1 interact in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.

Coactivators are believed to mediate estrogen-induced gene responses via interaction with estrogen receptors (ER). Currently, a major challenge is to determine the importance of each coactivator in a specific cell type and promoter context in response to a particular ligand. The potential of ER to interact with a growing list of coactivators has been shown in a variety of in vitro and gene transfer assays, yet very few data have demonstrated the interaction of endogenous coactivators with ER in intact cells. We report here a ligand-specific interaction of endogenous human ER (hER) and the AIB1 coactivator in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by using immunoprecipitation analyses. Complexes between endogenously expressed hER and AIB1 were detected in estradiol-treated cells and to a much lesser extent in cells treated with the partial agonist, monohydroxytamoxifen. We were unable to detect an hER-SRC-1 complex in our immunoprecipitations from MCF-7 cells. The in vitro-binding affinity for mouse ER interaction with AIB1 was estimated to be 40-120 nM. We conclude that AIB1 is a major coactivator for hER in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Biological-to-electronic interface with pores of ATP synthase subunit C in silicon nitride barrier.

An oscillator pore is identified that generates intermittent, large amplitude, ionic current in the plasma membrane. The pore is thought to be composed of 10-12 units of subunit c of ATP synthase. Pore opening and closing is a co-operative process, dependent on the release, or binding, of as many as six calcium ions. This mechanism suggests a more general method of co-operative threshold detection of chemical agents via protein modification, the output being directly amplified in a circuit. Here the authors describe steps in the development of a sensor of chemical agents. The subunit c pore in a lipid bilayer spans a nanometer-scale hole in a silicon nitride barrier. Either side of the barrier are electrolyte solutions and current through the pore is amplified by circuitry. The techniques of laser ablation, electron beam lithography and ion beam milling are used to make successively smaller holes to carry the lipid patch. Holes of diameter as small as 20 nm are engineered in a silicon nitride barrier and protein activity in lipid membranes spanning holes as small as 30 nm in diameter is measured. The signal-to-noise ratio of the ionic current is improved by various measures that reduce the effective capacitance of the barrier. Some limits to scale reduction are discussed.

Biosensing Techniques↗
PubMed1998

Factor V Leiden and pulmonary embolism in a young woman taking an oral contraceptive.

A 34-year-old woman with a history of asthma and oral contraceptive use died suddenly. Autopsy examination showed chronic pulmonary emboli with an acute pulmonary saddle embolus. An underlying congenital thrombophilic disorder was considered. Molecular studies on DNA isolated from blood using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis revealed coagulation factor V Leiden mutation. The incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients with factor V Leiden mutation and associated activated protein C (APC) resistance is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of 2 mg and 4 mg atropine sulfate on the performance of U.S. Army helicopter pilots.

Atropine autoinjectors are issued to aviators for use in the event of organophosphate poisoning on the battlefield. This investigation assessed the effects of unchallenged 2 mg and 4 mg doses on flight performance, vision, tracking, cognitive performance, and electroencephalograms of 12 Army aviators. Effects were seen most often with the 4 mg dose in terms of aircraft control problems, vision disturbances, impaired tracking, reduced cortical activation, and decreased cognitive skill. These problems indicate helicopter tactical flight is dangerous after an unchallenged 4 mg dose. Other types of flight should also be avoided for at least 12 h after atropine.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Atypical apocrine metaplasia in sclerosing lesions of the breast: a study of 51 patients.

Sclerosing breast lesions with cytologically atypical apocrine metaplasia present a difficult diagnostic problem. The clinical significance of these lesions has not been established although, historically, apocrine metaplasia and sclerosing adenosis have been regarded as totally benign. To further assess these lesions, we studied 51 patients with atypical apocrine metaplasia in sclerosing lesions of the breast, obtaining an average follow-up of 35 mo (12 to 76 mo). For convenience, these have been grouped together as atypical apocrine sclerosing lesions (AASL). The average age at diagnosis was 58 yr. The lesions tended to be small (67% less than 1.0 cm) and usually were detected by mammography (78%). Four patients had an ipsilateral mastectomy following a biopsy of AASL that was interpreted as carcinoma or "precancerous" by the referring pathologist. Two patients had nonapocrine intraductal and infiltrating duct carcinoma in previous contralateral mastectomy specimens. None of the 47 women with an intact breast developed breast carcinoma during the follow-up period. Immediate treatment with surgery and/or radiation is not indicated. The long-term clinical implication of these lesions is yet to be determined; therefore, continued clinical observation of AASL patients is advisable.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A modified extrathoracic approach to the treatment of dysphagia lusoria.

The management of patients with esophageal compression by an anomalous right subclavian artery (dysphagia lusoria) has been controversial. A classic approach involves left thoracotomy, with resection of the aberrant subclavian artery from its origin to the right border of the esophagus. To prevent possible ischemic complications, most surgeons favor revascularization of the distal subclavian artery. Thoracotomy has been the traditional approach for division or reimplantation of the aberrant right subclavian artery. We describe a modification (right supraclavicular incision) of an extrathoracic approach, which was first described by Orvald in 1972, to simplify simultaneous correction of dysphagia lusoria and revascularization of the right upper extremity.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

System for long-term review of patients at risk of becoming hypothyroid. Further experience.

8 years' experience of a computer-assisted system for long-term follow-up of patients at risk of hypothyroidism shows that the system is reliable, efficient, and economical. Less than 0.1% of registered patients are now lost to follow-up and less than 2% of patients need to be seen by the medical staff each year. Changes have been made in registration procedures and in the methods of finding patient who fail to attend. Improvements in the laboratory screening of thyroid function have also been introduced. The need to follow-up patients already under treatment with thyroxine has been recognised and the importance of a reliable system is reaffirmed.

Computers↗
PubMed1977

The effect of treatment of hyper- and hypothyroidism on urinary excretion of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate.

The urinary excretion of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) was examined in patients with hyperthyroidism and primary hypothyroidism, before treatment and at least six months later on return to euthyroid status. Urinary cyclic AMP excretion was significantly greater in the hyperthyroid group than in the hypothyroid group both in the basal state (P less than 0.01) and the ambulant state (P less than 0.001). In ambulant hyperthyroid patients absolute urinary cyclic AMP excretion (mumol/24 h) was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) prior to treatment than on return to euthyroid status. In the hypothyroid group no significant change occurred after treatment with 1-thyroxine (P greater than 0.05). The mechanism of changes in urinary cyclic AMP excretion in thyroid disease are discussed.

Adolescent↗