PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D J Cavanaugh

Publications and source records attributed to D J Cavanaugh.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Menstrual irregularities in athletic women may be predictable based on pre-training menses.

With the use of a personally conducted survey the age at menarche, incidence of menstrual irregularity, whether training occurred before or after menarche, certain personality traits (anxiety, curiosity, anger), and the type of athletic activity performed, were assessed in 161 highly competitive women athletes of various types (e.g. professional dancers, basketball players, fencers, gymnasts, field hockey players, swimmers) and 65 age-matched nonathletic women. No significant difference was found between the mean age at menarche of competitive athletes 13.2 +/- 1.4 (SD) yrs and nonathletes 12.6 +/- 1.1 yrs or between athletes who trained before menarche 13.7 +/- 1.5 (SD) yrs compared to athletes who trained after menarche 12.7 +/- 1.3 yrs. However, there were significant differences in reference to the mean age at menarche for athletes and nonathletes when compared to current menstrual frequency (p less than 0.05) and for groups of athletes currently regular 12.9 +/- 1.2 (SD) yrs when compared to those currently irregular 13.4 +/- 1.6 yrs (PR greater than F = 0.0419), regardless of athletic status. Trait personality characteristics (anxiety, curiosity, anger) based on the Spielberger State-Trait Personality Inventory (STPI), showed no significance among the various athletes, or athletes compared to non-athletes, however, athletes having the highest mean anxiety scores 19.5 +/- 4.2 (SD) and lowest mean anger scores 17.0 +/- 3.6 (SD) had irregular menses. Predictability for the development of irregular menses was done by regression and stepwise discrimination with maximum improvement technique statistics using pre-training frequency of menses and post-training frequency of menses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Brisk walking does not stop bone loss in postmenopausal women.

The rate of loss of spinal trabecular mineral density (TMD) in postmenopausal women, 49-64 years, was measured during a 52 week walking program. The 8 women who walked were 5.6 +/- 4.4 years past menopause (mean +/- SD) compared to 6.5 +/- 5.1 for 9 nonwalkers. Walkers participated in a progressive walking program for 15-40 min at a heart rate of between 60-85% of maximal age adjusted heart rate, 3 days per week for 52 weeks. Spinal trabecular mineral density was measured using quantitative computed tomography at entry, 6 and 12 months. Pre-exercise heart rate in the walkers decreased 7.8 +/- 1.7 beats per min (mean +/- SEM) (p less than 0.01) from week 0 to week 52, while post-exercise heart rate did not change. Initial spinal mineral density in the walkers was 114 +/- 18 mg/cm3 (mean +/- SD) and 98 +/- 19 mg/cm3 in the controls (NS). Bone loss was 5.6 +/- 1.4% (mean +/- SEM) in the walkers and 4.0 +/- 1.2% in the controls; both of these losses were significantly different from zero (p less than 0.005, p less than 0.01, respectively), but they were not different from each other. Our study shows that a moderate brisk walking program of one year duration does not prevent the loss of spinal bone density in early-postmenopausal women.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1986

Radiologic and real time echocardiographic evaluation of the cyanotic newborn.

Prior to echocardiography, the recognition of serious heart disease in the cyanotic newborn or young infant could be extremely difficult. The profound hemodynamic changes taking place in the heart and lungs after birth influence the clinical manifestations of many cardiac disorders, and sometimes suggest the existence of a cardiac disorder when none is present. Real time echocardiography has revolutionalized the diagnosis of the cyanotic infant. If the reason for the infant's cyanosis or respiratory distress is not apparent from the history, physical examination, laboratory values, and chest radiograph; real time echocardiography should be performed to exclude or diagnose cyanotic congenital heart disease and persistent fetal circulation. This will prevent misdiagnosis in cyanotic infants and assure rapid and appropriate treatment.

Cyanosis↗
PubMed1986

Caroli's disease: new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Cystic dilatations of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary trees are common congenital anomalies that frequently require surgical intervention. We have presented a case of Caroli's disease in which an accurate diagnosis was made noninvasively preoperatively, using computerized tomography, ultrasonography, and cholescintigraphy.

Bile Duct Diseases↗
PubMed1976

Cystourethrography procedures in children. Evaluation of benefits versus dose.

Cystourethrography was used by the referring physician in 53 children with urinary tract disease. The benefits of this technique were evaluated using Bayesian methods. Prior and subsequent odds of the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis being affected by the radiological procedure were estimated. Marked benefits were found in 12 cases, which were used as the basis for the most conservative estimate of benefits. The genetic benefit-risk ratio is 140 for boys and 8.3 for girls. The somatic benefit-risk ratio is 10,000 for boys and 4,200 for girls.

Child↗