A combined system of contact A-scan and B-scan.
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Child↗
Biomedical subjects
D J Coleman
Publications and source records attributed to D J Coleman.
Ultrasonic measurement of eye dimensions.
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Biometry↗
A device for teaching the theory of technique.
The usefulness of comparing dream psychology and neurosis psychology is demonstrated in the teaching of a course on the theory of technique at the Pittsburgh Psychoanalytic Institute. Candidates are assigned the task of writing a five-minute segment of free associations using assigned background material, resistances to be demonstrated, and assigned current and past conflicts. The candidates then present their free associations to the class for analysis. Explication of educational and developmental issues is given.
Dreams↗
A suction tip for controlled removal of nonmagnetic intraocular foreign bodies.
I used a soft-tip suction needle during a vitrectomy procedure to life glass foreign bodies away from the retina so they could be more easily and safely grasped with foreign-body extraction forceps. The use of the instrument reduces the chance of inadvertent scraping of glass fragments or instruments against the retina during the removal.
Eye Foreign Bodies↗
A magnet tip for controlled removal of magnetic foreign bodies.
I designed a small diameter magnet tip for intraocular removal of foreign bodies, particularly at the time of vitrectomy. Advantages of the intraocular tip include: (1) reduced likelihood of scraping of the foreign body along the retinal surface while in the magnetic field; (2) reduced chance of incarcerating the retina or choroid, or both, between the magnet and the foreign body during removal. Although the intraocular tip is less strong than conventional shorter tips, it provides greater control in the removal of intraocular foreign bodies when sufficient magnet strength is present.
Eye Foreign Bodies↗
Therapeutic ultrasound in the production of ocular lesions.
After testing high intensity focused ultrasound on ocular tissues in animals, to obtain damage threshold equations, we used ultrasound for ocular therapy in experimental animals. We developed a therapeutic system for use in conjunction with a low=energy diagnostic ultrasound visualization technique. Our system included a spherical focused transducer operated at a frequency of 9.8 MHz to produce a focal spot 9 cm from the transducer surface. This technique produced controlled ocular tissue damage similar to that produced by laser and xenon are photocoagulation. It can be used to treat any level of tissue, ocular or orbital, and does not require media clarity. Specific tissue absorption properties necessary for laser damage were not required to produce the desired damage.
Animals↗
Evaluation of some methods for the laboratory examination of sputum.
Methods for the quantitation of leucocytes, squamous epithelial cells, and potential pathogens in sputa are described. Microscopic examination showed that 58% of sputa tested (554/957) were purulent or moderately purulent and 48% were moderately or heavily contaminated by squamous epithelial cells. The presence of squamous epithelial cells indicated oropharyngeal contamination. A simple dilution technique was chosen to compare the isolation of potential pathogens from direct cultures and from dilutions of sputa (10(-7) per ml original sputum). The dilution technique permitted easier reading of sputum cultures and avoided the possible over-reporting of enterobacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which were frequently found on direct examination. Enterobacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were more likely to be isolated from sputa moderately or heavily contaminated with squamous epithelial cells. The use of counter-current immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and co-agglutination tests to detect pneumococcal antigen in sputa is described. The presence of antigen in sputum was a more reliable index of lower respiratory tract infection than a positive culture. Co-agglutination tests were simpler to perform and used smaller amounts of expensive antiserum than CIE.
Antigens, Bacterial↗
Spontaneous lens rupture following pars plana vitrectomy.
This paper presenta a case of pars plana vitrectomy with spontaneous posterior lens capsule rupture 7 weeks after surgery and 1 week after discontinuation of cycloplegia. The diagnosis, treatment, sequelae, and etiology of this spontaneous lens rupture receive discussion. The accommodative mechanism in the postvitrectomy eye may explain the cause of lens rupture and suggest methods of prophylaxis.
Accommodation, Ocular↗
Experimental, ultrasonically induced lesions in the retina, choroid, and sclera.
Lesions of the retina, choroid, and sclera were created in the proptosed eye of the rabbit with the use of focused ultrasound at 9.8 MHz. Exposure levels greatly exceeding those encountered in diagnostic systems were required. Histological examination of selected tissue samples, analysis of lesion-producing exposures, and lesion size variations suggest that thermal mechanisms are the principal cause of permanent tissue alterations. Subthreshold lesions, which consist of transitory effects, were observed. 'Threshold" lesions first manifested tansitory effects followed by permanent alterations which appeared within 24 hr. Suprathreshold lesions were evidenced by the immediate appearance of a highly blanched area with an overlying edema and occasional hemorrhage, appearing within 24 hr. The edema in these cases was resorbed within a few days, leaving behind a permanently blanched region. The threshold curve developed from these data is similar in shape to the threshold curve for light-induced lesions created with a commensurate focal spot.
Animals↗
B-scan ultrasonography of retinal detachments.
Characteristic ultrasonsographic patterns of retinal detachment in a variety of clinical circumstances are demonstrated and discussed. Uncomplicated retinal detachment consists of ultrasonically detected retinal detachment without associated pathology in the vitreous, subretinal space, or choroid. The simultaneous detection of lesions in one or more of these areas may be a source of diagnostic confusion. Acoustic diagnostic criteria for differentiation of associated conditions in complicated retinal detachments are demonstrated and discussed. High resolution A-scan and B-scan ultrasonography provides a method for detection and diagnosis of retinal detachment, associated ocular pathology, and simulating conditions.
Choroid Neoplasms↗
Experimental cataract production by high frequency ultrasound.
In vivo animal experiments were performed to study the cataractogenic effects of high-frequency, high-intensity ultrasound. A series of anesthetized rabbits was insonified with quantified exposures of ultrasound using a 9.8 MHz focused ultrasonic beam. Ophthalmoscopic and slit lamp examinations revealed small haze cataracts as the first stage of lenticular damage. Larger exposures produced totally opaque cataracts. These first appeared as fine white threads surrounded by haze cataracts. The intensity-exposure time conjugates required to produce haze cataracts were determined over times ranging from 35 msec to 5 sec. At short times (under 100 msec) a relatively constant amount of energy was needed for cataract production. At longer times, the requried energy progressively increased. This observation, together with the physical appearance of these cataracts, suggests that those lesions are the result of thermal phenomena.
Animals↗
Further studies on the reliability of the bacitracin inhibition test for the presumptive identification of Lancefield group A streptococci.
The reliability of the bacitracin inhibition test to differentiate between 125 Lancefield group A and 122 non-group A beta-haemolytic streptococci was studied. Bacitracin discs containing 0-02, 0-04, or 0-1 international units and the conditions recommended by both the Association of Clinical Pathologists and the Federal Drug Administration for routine sensitivity testing were used. The results suggest that the presence or absence of a zone of inhibition around a 0-04 unit disc can be used routinely for the presumptive identification of group A streptococci and that a specific zone size can be used for reading the test only with a 0-1 unit disc.
Bacitracin↗
Statement to the New York Assembly Committee on Higher Education re: Bill S.4558, A.6847.
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Education, Nursing, Associate↗
Diabetic ketoacidosis with retinal tear.
A 59-year-old women with no previous history of diabetes mellitus was admitted in diabetic ketoacidosis. Ultrasonic biometry was used to measure axial vitreous length during therapy. Vitreous length increased from 14.09 mm shortly after admission to 14.26 mm (p less than 0.05) when the episode of diabetic ketoacidosis cleared. An interesting finding was the presence of a horseshoe-shaped retinal tear after the patient was discharged. Severe dehydration with resultant shrinkage of the vitreous compartment may provide sufficient vitreoretinal traction to cause a retinal tear. In addition, an estimate of volume change showed a comparable decrease in vitreous volume seen with therapy using osmotic agents measured in rabbits.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis↗
Combined B- and A-scan ultrasonography in the management and preoperative assessment of vitreo retinal pathology.
Newer surgical techniques such as vitrectomy instrumentation and microsurgery now allow us to take a full advantage of ultrasonic evaluation of vitreal-retinal pathology. The ultrasonic techniques of A- and B-scan as well as M-scan allow us to more adequately evaluate the opaque vitreous, retinal detachment, traumatic changes to the globe, thus directing the newer surgical techniques to achieve therapeutic results never previously possible.
Animals↗
Applications of spectral analysis in medical ultrasonography.
Spectral analysis of ultrasonic reflections from biological tissues can be used to determine basic tissue parameters for use in differential diagnosis. This paper describes the use of the technique under circumstances encountered in several types of clinical examinations. The applications are illustrated with results obtained from laboratory measurements with a system now being employed in a clinical evaluation programme. The test objects studied simulate tissues with planar boundaries, tissues with heterogeneous interior structure, and tissues causing acoustic 'shadowing' of posterior regions.
Animals↗
B-scan ultrasonography of the retina and vitreous.
We feel that ultrasonography performed prior to vitreous surgery should be performed or at least observed by the operating surgeon or the assistant. The actual dynamic scanning process allows much more information about the status of the eye than looking at static pictures. Although vitreous surgery can be performed without preoperative ultrasonographic examination, we feel that ultrasonography can provide the surgeon with valuable, accurate information about the status of the vitreous humor and the retina.
Eye Diseases↗
Grouping of beta-haemolytic streptococci with group-specific antibodies absorbed to staphylococcal protein A.
A total of 245 isolates of beta-haemolytic streptococci was grouped by the counter current immunoelectrophoresis method and by co-agglutination with antibody-coated staphylococci. Co-agglutination was found to be simple and accurate, and many commercially available grouping sera were suitable for use in this test, though some of them had to be absorbed to remove cross-reactions.
Agglutination Tests↗