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D J Innes

Publications and source records attributed to D J Innes.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Primary lymphoma of the temporal bone.

Involvement of the temporal bone by lymphoreticular neoplasm is rare; all reported cases have been of secondary involvement. This article presents what we believe to be the first two reported cases of primary temporal bone lymphoma. The patients, an elderly man and a boy, both presented with infection of the ear, hearing loss, and facial nerve paresis. In both cases, facial paresis resolved after appropriate chemotherapeutic treatment. Patient presentation and clinical course are discussed in light of published work on temporal bone malignancy. Further investigation, including computed tomography and biopsy, should be considered for patients who present with an apparent middle ear infection unresponsive to medical therapy. The development of facial paralysis in such a patient warrants heightened suspicion of malignancy.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The growth of two murine hemangioendotheliomas intracranially, subcutaneously, and in culture, and their comparison with human cerebellar hemangioblastomas: morphological and immunohistochemical studies.

Two thorium dioxide-induced murine hemangioendotheliomas, 42021 TCT and 44347 TST, were grown subcutaneously (for up to 22 and 15 passages respectively) or intracranially (single passage) and were adapted to culture as a monolayer and, in a limited fashion, in an organ culture system or in rotary suspension. They remained viable and malignant following 20-21 years of storage in liquid nitrogen, and had ultrastructural similarities to human hemangioblastomas. The murine tumors were positive for Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia isolectin B4 binding, establishing their endothelial nature; however, unlike human hemangioblastic tumors, they did not cross-react with antisera to human factor VIII or fibronectin and they did not demonstrate Ulex europaeus type I lectin (UEA I) binding (as is also the case for non-neoplastic murine vascular endothelial cells). A variety of morphological cell types in cultures derived from the tumors were also positive for Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia isolectin B4 binding. Both murine hemangioendotheliomas, when implanted in the cerebrum, were potent inducers of reactive gliosis, but there was no evidence of uptake of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Unlike the human cerebellar hemangioblastomas, murine tumors were malignant and invasive and did not contain stromal cells, nor did they demonstrate Weibel-Palade bodies or extensive pinocytotic activity. Thus, the murine tumors appear to more closely resemble angiosarcomas or epitheloid hemangioblastomas than the cerebellar hemangioblastomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The utility of CD20 and CD43 in subclassification of low-grade B-cell lymphoma on paraffin sections.

To identify phenotypic differences among the low-grade lympho-proliferative disorders in paraffin-embedded tissue, we studied 49 cases. All 22 follicular small cleaved cell lymphomas (FSC) were CD43 negative and CD20 positive. In contrast, of 20 small lymphocytic lymphomas (SL), 90% were CD20 positive, 85% were CD43 positive, and 75% were positive for both. Of three lymphomas of intermediate differentiation (IDL), two were CD20 positive and two were CD43 positive. All four monocytoid B-cell lymphomas were positive for CD20 and 50% (two cases) were positive for CD43. Some 86% of 14 chronic lymphocytic leukemias (CLL) (on cytospins) were positive for CD43; all nine of the CLL studied for CD20 were positive and 89% (8/9) expressed both antibodies CD5 expression (on frozen sections or cytospin preparations) was compared to CD43 in 21 cases of SL and CLL. Some 77% were positive for both CD5 and CD20. All seven of the CD5-positive SL also expressed CD43. The antibody MT2 was also examined with the following results: FSC, 16/20 (80%) positive; SL, 18/19 (94%) positive; MBC, 3/3 positive; and ILL, 2/3 positive. All 56 cases tested were CD45RO (UCHL1) negative. We conclude that CD43 is expressed on most cases of low-grade lymphoproliferative disorders with the exception of FSC. Its pattern of expression seems similar to CD5; however, unlike CD5, CD43 can be studied in formalin-fixed tissue. MT2 is not helpful in distinguishing among these lesions.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1991

Mucin and nonmucin secretagogue activity of Entamoeba histolytica and cholera toxin in rat colon.

Depletion of colonic mucus occurs before invasion of the colonic mucosa by Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. It is hypothesized that E. histolytica releases a mucus secretagogue; this was studied in a rat colonic loop model. In colonic loops exposed to live amebae, mucus secretion was quantitated by release of acid-precipitable [3H]glucosamine-labeled luminal glycoprotein and by specific immunoassay. Mucus secretion increased in dose-dependent fashion in response to greater than or equal to 1 X 10(5) trophozoites; cholera toxin (20 micrograms per loop), a known mucus secretagogue, elicited a similar response. Thin-section histological analysis of amebae and cholera toxin-exposed loops showed increased mucus release and streaming from mucosal goblet cells with cellular cavitation compared with control loops. Sepharose-4B chromatography of amebae and cholera toxin-stimulated glycoproteins demonstrated secretion of mucins and an 80%-90% increase in low-molecular-weight proteins. E. histolytica trophozoites and cholera toxin enhanced the secretion of preformed and newly synthesized mucin glycoproteins and stimulated colonic glycoprotein synthesis. The level of mucus secretion elicited by axenic E. histolytica strains correlated with their virulence in vivo and in vitro. The amebic secretagogue was released into the culture medium and was heat stable. Mucus secretagogue activity of E. histolytica may contribute to depletion or alteration of the protective mucus blanket, facilitating pathogenesis of invasive amebiasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in abnormal lymph node hyperplasia.

The histologic designation "abnormal lymphoid hyperplasia" is applied to lymph nodes demonstrating varying degrees of architectural effacement and/or cytologic atypia. Although some of these cases may be suggestive of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a definitive diagnosis is not possible despite careful morphologic and immunophenotypic studies. Because the demonstration of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements by Southern blot analysis provides a sensitive marker of lineage and clonality in lymphoid malignant conditions, the frequency with which such gene rearrangements could be identified in abnormal hyperplasia and their significance were studied. DNA samples from lymph node biopsy samples of 11 patients with abnormal lymphoid hyperplasia were analyzed for rearrangements of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes by Southern blot hybridization. Six of these patients had monoclonal B-cell populations identified by immunoglobulin gene rearrangements; all were found subsequently to have non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by repeated biopsy from 8 days to 46 months later. Two patients with negative Southern blot studies also developed lymphoma, one a T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and one a cutaneous B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Three patients without detectable gene rearrangements showed no evidence of malignant lymphoma at 36-, 45-, and 60-month follow-up evaluations. Southern blot analysis thus identified monoclonal B-cell lymphoid populations in a subset of patients with abnormal lymphoid hyperplasia; the presence of clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement predicted progression to overt non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Immunophenotypic analysis of sinonasal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

A panel of paraffin effective antibodies recognizing B cells and T cells (LN-2, MB1, L26, MT1, UCHL1, kappa, lambda) was used to characterize the immunophenotypes of 26 sinonasal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Seventeen tumors were stage I, five were stage II, one was stage III, and three were stage IV. Nine lymphomas were classified morphologically as large cell, six were large cell immunoblastic, six were small cleaved cell, two were mixed small and large cell, two were small noncleaved cell, and one was lymphoblastic. None were follicular. Twenty-two lymphomas had a B cell immunophenotype, three were T cell neoplasms, and one was immunoreactive only for MT1. This predominance of sinonasal lymphomas with a B cell immunophenotype in patients residing in the United States contrasts with the almost exclusive occurrence of T cell sinonasal lymphomas in Chinese patients living in Hong Kong and Japanese patients residing in regions of Japan that are nonendemic for human T cell leukemia virus-1.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Platelet vacuoles in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.

The case of a 53-year-old man with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (M7) was studied. At time of diagnosis, the platelet count was 980 X 10(9)/L and abnormal platelet vacuoles were present. The vacuoles were periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive. Electron microscopic examination showed large aggregates of glycogen. Findings of qualitative platelet function studies were abnormal. The authors' study and review of the literature indicates that thrombocytosis with large platelet vacuoles accompanying a blast cell population suggests a diagnosis of M7 and indicates the need for appropriate confirmatory studies.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1989

Sequential bcl-2 and c-myc oncogene rearrangements associated with the clinical transformation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

We report a case of untreated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with histologic progression over 1 yr from a low-grade, small cleaved follicular center cell lymphoma to a high-grade, small noncleaved follicular center cell lymphoma. Both lymphomas had identical immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy-chain joining gene (JH), kappa light-chain joining gene, and bcl-2 gene rearrangements, indicating the clonal identity of the two tumors. The Ig heavy chain locus on one chromosome 14 was involved in an initial t(14; 18) translocation as shown by comigrating JH and bcl-2 rearrangements. However, the oncogene c-myc was in the germline configuration in the initial lymphoma but had one allele rearranged near the 3' end of exon I in the high-grade tumor; DNA sequence analysis was consistent with a chromosomal breakpoint at that site. The presence of the c-myc rearrangement in the high-grade tumor suggest a role for c-myc in the clonal evolution of the low-grade tumor into a more aggressive lymphoma. The coexistence of both bcl-2 gene and c-myc oncogene rearrangements in the same tumor is unusual, with only a few cases reported. Furthermore, this case is unique in the direct demonstration of the histologic and clinical progression of a human lymphoma associated with the sequential rearrangement of the bcl-2 gene and the c-myc oncogene.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Transient myeloproliferative disorder. In a neonate with Down syndrome. Immunophenotypic studies.

This report describes the results of bone marrow leukocyte immunophenotypic studies, DNA index measurement, and chromosome analysis in a newborn with Down syndrome and transient myeloproliferative disorder. The infant's initial leukocytosis with immature cells in the peripheral blood and thrombocytopenia resolved without treatment by 6 months of age, and he was well at 2 years of age. The lack of specific reactivity between the patient's morphologically immature cells and multiple monoclonal antibodies directed against lymphoid and myeloid leukemia cells may be characteristic of this disorder. Other cases should be examined for immunophenotype to correlate the results with chromosomal analysis and to provide a basis for comparison in those who subsequently develop true acute leukemia.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1989

Clostridium difficile toxin A. Interactions with mucus and early sequential histopathologic effects in rabbit small intestine.

Clostridium difficile produces two toxins, A (enterotoxic) and B (cytopathic), that are implicated in the pathogenesis of pseudomembranous colitis. However, the relationship of the secretory effect and the early histopathologic events is still unclear. We examined the early histopathologic effect of purified C. difficile toxin A in rabbit ileal loops and correlated the mucosal damage with the secretory response. As early as 2 hours after inoculation, toxin A at 1.0 micrograms caused cytolysis of the basal portion of the apical epithelia cells. Electron microscopy showed the basal portions of the absorptive epithelial cells necrotic. No significant fluid accumulation occurred after 2 or 4 hours in ileal loops inoculated with either 0.1 or 1.0 micrograms toxin A. In contrast, with 3-10 micrograms toxin A there was significant hemorrhagic fluid accumulation after 2 hours that correlated with the severity of the histologic lesions. An early mucoid exudate was demonstrated not to be related to a mucus secretagogue effect of toxin A. Prior exposure of toxin A to rabbit intestinal mucus preparations did not alter its subsequent enterotoxic or cytopathic (Chinese hamster ovary cells) effects. These studies demonstrate that the early intestinal tissue damage by toxin A was dose and time dependent and involved disruption of the basal portions of the absorptive epithelial cells with marked separation of the cells along the mucosal surfaces that preceded the secretory response.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Normal biochemical and hematological values in New Zealand white rabbits.

Animal model systems are used extensively for experimental in vivo studies. When biochemical and hematological measurements are made, reference intervals for the animal species must be determined. Here, the subjects for our study were young adult male New Zealand White rabbits. Blood was sampled from 110 normal healthy rabbits. Biochemical and hematological blood variables were measured by methods available in our routine service laboratory, and we report the ranges.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

Intranasal tolerance and histopathologic effects of a novel synthetic interferon, rIFN-alpha Con1.

In a double-blind trial 119 adults were randomly assigned to receive daily sprays of placebo (N = 30) or rIFN-alpha Con1 3 MU (N = 29), 9 MU (N = 30), or 30 MU (N = 30) per day for 25 consecutive days. Fifty-nine subjects were removed from treatment because of abnormal nasal exams (N = 56) or irritative symptoms (N = 3). The fraction of drop-outs in the placebo group (30%) was significantly different (P less than 0.05) from that in the 3 MU (55%), 9 MU (57%), or 30 MU (67%) groups. Nasal mucosal biopsies collected 1-2 days after completing spray use detected moderate or marked lymphocytic infiltration in 10% of placebo (N = 10), 90% of 3 MU (N = 9), 85% of 9 MU (N = 13), and 70% of 30 MU (N = 10) subjects (P less than 0.05, placebo vs each rIFN-alpha Con1 group). All 3 dose levels of rIFN-alpha Con1 were associated with significant clinical and histopathologic signs of nasal irritation. The findings suggest that intranasal rIFN-alpha Con1 does not have a more favorable therapeutic index than rIFN-alpha 2 and that the risk of nasal irritation relates more closely to the anti-viral activity than the protein content of the rIFN-alpha administered.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Primary gastric lymphoma. Problems in staging and management.

A retrospective review of 28 patients with primary gastric lymphoma was performed to determine the optimal treatment modality. The presenting signs and symptoms resembled peptic ulcer disease or gastric carcinomas. The majority of the lymphomas were of the diffuse histiocytic subtype. There was a 75 percent resectability rate in those patients operated on. Palliative resection produced a 5 year duration of survival of 28 percent and curative resection, 43 percent. Eighteen patients underwent a subtotal gastrectomy, and a total of 10 patients presented with stage I disease. The longest median duration of survival at last follow-up was 32 months for patients with stage IB disease compared with a median duration of survival of 8 months for those with stage III disease. Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy may improve survival after a curative resection is performed if there is serosal penetration or nodal involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Tolerance and efficacy of intranasal administration of recombinant beta serine interferon in healthy adults.

We performed two studies to determine the dose-related tolerance and the efficacy of recombinant beta serine interferon (rIFN-beta ser) in experimental rhinovirus infection. In the tolerance study, 120 healthy adults received intranasal sprays of rIFN-beta ser or placebo daily for 25 d. No differences in nasal symptoms were found. Rhinoscopy detected more mucosal bleeding sites in high-dose (38%) versus low-dose (12.5%) or placebo (12.5%) recipients. There were more subepithelial lymphocytes in nasal biopsy specimens in the high-dose (54%) than the low-dose (17%) or placebo (17%) groups. In the efficacy study, 34 volunteers received daily nasal drops of IFN, beginning 36 h before challenge and for three days afterwards. The numbers of infections and days of shedding of virus were not reduced, but colds occurred less often in the high-dose (25%) than in the low-dose (55%) or placebo (64%) recipients. Nasal mucus weights were lower in the high-dose (mean +/- SD g per five days; 5 +/- 4) than placebo (31 +/- 37) recipients. Thus, rIFN-beta ser may have a more favorable therapeutic ratio than do previously tested alpha interferons.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1988

Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease with giant Reed-Sternberg cells.

A 70-year-old woman with multiple symptoms and extensive lymphadenopathy had a lymph node biopsy specimen that contained highly pleomorphic, giant Reed-Sternberg cells that resembled cells from other malignant giant cell neoplasms. The cells were strongly positive for Leu-M1, alpha 1-antitrypsin, S-100 protein, kappa light chain, and lambda light chain. With five courses of chemotherapy for pathologic stage IV-B Hodgkin's disease, the patient achieved a complete remission, and remains free of disease 85 months after diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Effects of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B in rabbit small and large intestine in vivo and on cultured cells in vitro.

Clostridium difficile is recognized as the major cause of antibiotic-associated colitis. C. difficile produces two toxins, A (enterotoxin) and B (cytotoxin), that are implicated in the pathogenesis of the colitis. We examined the dose responses, time course, and synergism of these two toxins in ligated rabbit intestinal loops and in tissue culture. In rabbit small intestinal loops, toxin A caused histologically demonstrable intestinal tissue damage as early as 2 h. The secretory response greater than or equal to 8 h was similar to that of a cholera toxin control. The effect of toxin A on tissue damage or secretion was seen even if toxin was removed after 5 min. Purified toxin A caused significant net accumulation of sodium, chloride, potassium, and total protein and slightly increased osmolality of the fluid content at 6 h; these effects were similar to those caused by crude C. difficile culture filtrates containing toxins A and B. Crude C. difficile toxin caused fluid accumulation with a delayed time course in the rabbit large intestine, and in contrast to its effect in small intestine, crude toxin caused net accumulation of bicarbonate and increased pH. In tissue culture, toxin A caused a rounding up of CHO and T-84 colonic carcinoma cells. A monoclonal antibody (PCG-4) that has no effect on tissue culture cytotoxicity with toxins A and B completely inhibited the secretory and tissue-damaging effects in the intestine. Toxins A and B were synergistic in the gut only at high doses of toxin B (greater than or equal to 10 micrograms/ml), and they were additive in tissue culture. The cytopathic effect in tissue culture was not consistently associated with trypan blue uptake. The cytopathic effect of toxin A in tissue culture did not appear to involve inhibitable Ca2+-dependent or prostaglandin synthesis pathways or intact microfilament or microtubule function for its activity and was not inhibited by reducing or lysosomotropic agents. Our results suggest that toxins A and B have independent and distinct effects in vivo and in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Lymphocyte subsets in normal airway mucosa of the human nose.

The distribution and number of lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and cells expressing HLA-DR antigen were studied in frozen biopsy sections of nasal mucosa from 40 healthy adults, using monoclonal antibody avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase techniques. The lymphocyte to monocyte/macrophage ratio was estimated to be 10:1; the T cell to B cell ratio was 3:1; and the T helper/inducer cell to T suppressor/cytotoxic cell ratio averaged 2.5:1. Regional differences were observed with a relatively increased number of T suppressor/cytotoxic cells around submucosal glands, and a relatively large number of B cells in lymphocyte aggregates in the lamina propria. The HLA-DR antigen was expressed in epithelial cells, suggesting involvement of surface epithelium of human airway in local immune responses.

Adult↗