Biomedical subjects

D J Jacobsen

Publications and source records attributed to D J Jacobsen.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Effects of a very-low-calorie diet and physical-training regimens on body composition and resting metabolic rate in obese females.

Sixty-nine obese females received 90 d of a liquid diet providing 2184 kJ/d in clinical trials. Groups were diet only (C), diet plus endurance exercise (EE), diet plus weight training (WT), or diet plus endurance exercise and weight training (EEWT). Changes in body weight, percent fat, fat weight, and fat-free mass were not different between groups. Declines in resting metabolic rate (RMR) were approximately 7% to approximately 12% of baseline values with no differences among groups. A significant increase in work capacity (approximately 16%) was shown for EEWT. Strength index showed declines of approximately 6% for C and EE and gains of approximately 3% and approximately 10% for EEWT and WT, respectively. These clinical trials did not show advantages of any exercise regimen over diet alone for weight loss, body-composition changes, or declines in RMR. Improvements in work capacity were limited and strength improved in groups that participated in strength training.

Basal Metabolism↗

PubMed1990

Criteria to verify attainment of maximal exercise tolerance test with obese females.

This study compared criteria used to determine attainment of maximal ETT used with normal subjects to results shown by obese subjects. Results indicated that obese subjects do not show the values that normal subjects show for plateau in oxygen consumption, respiratory exchange ratio, predicted maximal heart rate, or perceived exertion. Generally, less than 60% of the obese subjects met criteria for maximal ETT. These findings suggest that alternate criteria and/or alternate testing are needed to ascertain that ETT was maximal. Suggestions include longer treadmill stage times and the use of blood lactate.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Temporary elevation of CA 125 after abdominal surgical treatment for benign disease and cancer.

Analyses of preoperative and one to seven day postoperative determinations of CA 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA 125 levels in 873 patients indicate that postoperative CA 19-9 and CEA serum levels were within the expected technical variance of the preoperative assay values in patients who were considered to have negative findings (below the reference value) from these tests preoperatively. If the test results were preoperatively positive in patients with cancer, they decreased postoperatively to or below normal reference values, unless the operation was palliative and significant tumor removal was not possible. For patients with a preoperative positive CA 125 level (greater than 35 units per mililiter), the postoperative serum levels were comparable with the CEA and CA 19-9 result. However, when the preoperative CA 125 level was within normal limits, 62 per cent of the patients had postoperative elevations, often to levels of less than 35 units per milliliter. Sequential postoperative determinations of CA 125 in 21 patients revealed that maximum levels of CA 125 were seen about two to four hours after the operation and that elevations persisted for as long as three months. Inferential evidence suggests that postoperative increases in serum CA 125 occur from incision and healing of the peritoneum and omentum by de novo synthesis of this antigen rather than shedding from tissues. Patients with CA 125 negative results and with carcinoma of the ovary having postoperative increases of this antigen within two months of the operation may pose a difficult problem in interpretations, and such patients require further investigation.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗

PubMed1983

Establishment and characterization of a human non-secretory plasmacytoid cell line and its hybridization with human B cells.

A human non-secretory plasmacytoid cell line has been established for 6 years in more than 170 passages. Over 300 passages have been made from several early and late passages. The cell line is karyotypically normal, easily grown and has the characteristic features of a non-secretory plasmablast. Its characteristics suggest its use for hybridization by new methods as well as a study of its secretory defect. HPRT-negative phenotypic mutants can be derived from this line and a single polyploid clone has also been isolated. Hybridization with the HPRT+ and HPRT- lines X human B cells is described.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of three methods of analyzing post-exercise oxygen consumption.

Oxygen consumption after exercise is frequently plotted as a function of time and then the area under the curve (AUC) is calculated. Subsequently, this AUC is further manipulated and thus, differences between these manipulations may impact the interpretation of changes in oxygen consumption after exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine if the method of calculating AUC influences the interpretation of changes in post-exercise oxygen consumption in response to long-term aerobic exercise. Forty-three moderately obese, sedentary participants volunteered to participate in this study (26 women and 17 men). All participants performed verified supervised exercise during the study. Supervised treadmill exercise was initially conducted for 3 d/week at 60 % of heart rate reserve (HRR) for 30 min and progressed to 5 d/week at 75 % of HRR for 45 min across the first 4 months. Pre-exercise, exercise, and post-exercise oxygen consumption was measured at baseline and 9 months. AUC was calculated by three methods; total, incremental, and positive incremental. Descriptive statistics and dependent T-tests were calculated for each method of calculating the AUC. In addition, the intra-individual coefficient of variation was determined for each individual for each AUC method. A pearson product moment correlation was calculated for each method to determine the strength of the relationship between pre- and post-training values. The change in post-exercise oxygen AUC after nine months of training was 5.36+/-10.90 L, 2.17+/-7.61 L, and 1.74+/-9.10 L for the total, incremental, and positive incremental methods, respectively. There was significant change in post-exercise total AUC from baseline to 9-months (5.36 +/- 10.90 L), while there was no significant change in incremental or positive incremental AUC. There was a moderately high correlation (r=0.67, p <0.05) between baseline and 9-months for the total AUC method, while there was no significant correlation for incremental and positive incremental AUC methods. These results suggest that the method used to calculate AUC can lead to a different interpretation of the effects of training on post-exercise oxygen consumption. From this data, it appears that analyzing post exercise oxygen consumption with the total area under the curve method has a greater ability to detect a change from aerobic training, than either the positive or incremental area under the curve methods.

Adaptation, Physiological↗