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D J Lane

Publications and source records attributed to D J Lane.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Evolutionary relationships within the fungi: analyses of nuclear small subunit rRNA sequences.

Nucleotide sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S) gene were used to investigate evolutionary relationships within the Fungi. The inferred tree topologies are in general agreement with traditional classifications in the following ways: (1) the Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota appear to be basal groups within the Fungi. (2) The Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are a derived monophyletic group. (3) Relationships within the Ascomycota are concordant with traditional orders and divide the hemi- and euascomycetes into distinct lineages. (4) The Basidiomycota is divided between the holobasidiomycetes and phragmobasidiomycetes. Conflicts with traditional classification were limited to weakly supported branches of the tree. Strongly supported relationships were robust to minor changes in alignment, method of analysis, and various weighting schemes. Weighting, either of transversions or by site, did not convincingly improve the status of poorly supported portions of the tree. The rate of variation at particular sites does not appear to be independent of lineage, suggesting that covariation of sites may be an important phenomenon in these genes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Evolutionary relationships among sulfur- and iron-oxidizing eubacteria.

Some 37 reverse transcriptase, partial 16S rRNA sequences from sulfur- and/or iron-oxidizing eubacteria, including sequences from species of the genera Thiobacillus, Thiothrix, Thiomicrospira, Acidophilium, "Leptospirillum," Thiovulum, and Chlorobium, have been determined. In addition, 16S sequences from a number of unnamed sulfur- and/or iron-oxidizing bacteria from hydrothermal vent sites, from invertebrate-bacterial endosymbioses, and from various mineral recovery operations also have been determined. The majority of sequences place their bacterial donors in one or another of the subdivisions of the Proteobacteria. However, three unnamed facultatively thermophilic iron-oxidizing isolates, Alv, BC, and TH3, are affiliated with the gram-positive division. One H2S-oxidizer, from the genus Thiovulum, is affiliated with Campylobacter, Wolinella, and other genera in what appears to be a new subdivision of the Proteobacteria. Three "Leptospirillum"-helical vibrioid isolates, BU-1, LfLa, and Z-2, exhibit no clear phylum level affiliation at all, other than their strong relationship to each other. A picture is emerging of an evolutionary widespread capacity for sulfur and/or iron oxidation among the eubacteria.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1992

Precipitins and specific IgG antibody to Aspergillus fumigatus in a chest unit population.

BACKGROUND: The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting IgG antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus is more sensitive than the measurement of Aspergillus precipitins. The relation of the results from both techniques to the clinical pattern of disease in a large unselected group of patients from a large referral centre is unknown. METHODS: The clinical relation of precipitins to Aspergillus fumigatus to clinical disease was determined retrospectively in 98 patients attending a primary referral centre. Precipitin results were compared with the specific IgG antibody to A fumigatus in 88 of the sera. Precipitins were determined by the agar gel double diffusion test and specific IgG antibody to A fumigatus by a quantitative ELISA. RESULTS: Precipitins were detected in the unconcentrated serum of 51 patients. Thirty nine of these had a mycetoma or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, 34 having specific IgG antibody to A fumigatus more than the control range. Forty seven patients had precipitins only after threefold concentration of serum or to only one of the four A fumigatus antigen extracts. Most of these had specific IgG in or near the control range. Thirty of these had A fumigatus skin test negative asthma or bronchiectasis, in which aspergillus was probably not pathogenic. There was a close relation between the level of antibody detected by the ELISA and the number of precipitin lines. CONCLUSIONS: This study reaffirmed the supportive role of aspergillus precipitins in the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis. No additional benefit in the routine use of the ELISA was seen. It also showed that care should be taken in interpreting positive precipitin results from concentrated serum and that using several rather than one A fumigatus antigen extract is helpful for identifying allergic aspergillosis.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1991

Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Listeria based on reverse transcriptase sequencing of 16S rRNA.

The phylogenetic interrelationships of members of the genus Listeria were investigated by using reverse transcriptase sequencing of 16S rRNA. The sequence data indicate that at the intrageneric level the genus Listeria consists of the following two closely related but distinct lines of descent: (i) the Listeria monocytogenes group of species (including Listeria innocua, Listeria ivanovii, Listeria seeligeri, and Listeria welshimeri) and (ii) the species Listeria grayi and Listeria murrayi. At the intergeneric level a specific phylogenetic relationship between the genera Listeria and Brochothrix was evident. The sequence data clearly demonstrated that the genus Listeria is phylogenetically remote from the genus Lactobacillus and should not be included in an extended family Lactobacillaceae.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1979

The pattern of breathing in patients with chronic airflow obstruction.

1. The pattern of breathing in 12 patients with severe irreversible airflow obstruction has been studied during ventilatory stimulation by rebreathing CO2. Mean maximum tidal volume response was only 1.23 +/- 0.30 litres (mean +/- SD); this represented 65% of mean measured vital capacity and 82% of mean measured inspiratory capacity. During the course of rebreathing mean total breath duration was reduced from 3.48 +/- 0.93 to 2.44 +/- 0.48 s. 2. End-expiratory thoracic gas volume (FRC) was elevated at rest in all subjects and increased significantly by a further 0.50 +/- 1.90 litres during ventilatory stimulation in 10 of the 12 subjects. The maximum increase in FRC was proportional to the degree of airflow obstruction afforded by the airways in each subject. 3. It is suggested that the increase in FRC during ventilatory stimulation is responsible for the diminished tidal volume response and is an important determinant of breathing pattern and symptomatology in patients with airflow obstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The pattern of stimulated breathing in man during non-elastic expiratory loading.

1. The pattern of breathing expressed as the relationship between tidal volume and the components of breath interval was studied in normal subjects during CO2 rebreathing, both under unloaded conditions and following the introduction of a non-elastic expiratory resistance. 2. Under unloaded conditions end-expiratory thoracic gas volume (FRC) measured plethysmographically did not alter during the course of the rebreathing experiment. Maximum tidal volume attained (VT, max.) was equal to or just less than the inspiratory capacity of the subject measured at rest. Expiratory reserve volume was not encroached upon even at the highest levels of ventilation. 3. Under loaded conditions the pattern of breathing was altered. VT, max. was diminished in all subjects and FRC showed a progressive rise during rebreathing which was proportional to the resistive load afforded by the artificial resistance. There were no consistent differences in the components of breath duration either at rest or on maximal ventilatory stimulation between the loaded and unloaded states. 4. It is suggested that the pattern of breathing adopted under conditions of expiratory non-elastic loading is influenced more by the secondary effects of breathing at an elevated lung volume, than by the effect of the non-elastic load per se.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Occupational formalin asthma.

Hypersensitivity to formalin used to sterilise artificial kidney machines was shown by inhalation provocation tests to be responsible for attacks of wheezing accompanied by productive cough in two members of the nursing staff of a haemodialysis unit. Three further members of the staff of 28 who were continually exposed to this substance occupationally had developed similar recurrent but less frequent episodes since joining the unit. Two underwent inhalation provocation tests with formalin which did not reproduce these symptoms. Single episodes of these symptoms had been noted by three additional staff members so that altogether eight (29%) had experienced attacks described as bronchitic since becoming exposed to formalin. We suggest that, while exposure to formalin did not seem to be directly responsible in all cases, it might have increased susceptibility to other provoking agents or induced a hyper-reactive responsiveness of the airways. The responses observed in the two nurses after inhalation provocation tests with fromalin were predominantly of airways obstruction. Wheezing began between two and three hours after exposure, and peak expiratory flow rates fell maximally by approximately 50%. Reactions persisted for 10 hours to 10 days depending on the exposure dose. A productive cough was a prominent feature. The sputum appeared to be mucopurulent, but culture produced a scanty growth of Haemophilus influenzae only, together with upper respiratory tract commensals. The cellular content was not homogeneous, neutrophil leucocytes and eosinophil leucocoytes variably dominating. Variable responses of neutrophil and eosinophil leucocytes were also seen in the peripheral blood.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

HLA in asthma.

100 adult patients with asthma were typed for HLA. These patients were skin tested with a panel of allergens and divided into skin test positive (61) and skin test negative (39) patients. There was a decreased frequency of HLA-B12 in the negative skin test group (18%) compared to the skin test positive group (43%) and the controls (36%). A further subdivision of these patients into extrinsic asthma (positive skin tests and/or allergic history) and intrinsic asthma (negative skin tests and no allergic history) was made. There was an increased frequency in the extrinsic asthmatics of HLA-B8 (37 compared to 28% in normals) and a decreased frequency of B12 in the intrinsic asthmatics (13 compared to 36% in normals). 4 or 5 patients who had negative skin tests but gave a history of asthma following exposure to specific allergens, suggesting a type III immune complex asthma, were both A1 and B8.

Adolescent↗