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Biomedical subjects

D J Lethbridge

Publications and source records attributed to D J Lethbridge.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Becoming gold-plated: Chinese nurses studying abroad.

The purpose of this interpretive study is to describe the experience of Chinese nurses studying abroad. Twenty-three nurses living in Taiwan, who had studied in the United States for university degrees, were interviewed in 1990. A central process was "Becoming gold-plated." The first major theme was "Enormous pressure and sacrifice," with the subthemes of "Self-doubt," "Language difficulties," "Isolation and loneliness," and "Separation and guilt." The second major theme was "Transformed self," with subthemes of "High aspiration" and "New perspective on life." In spite of the hardships of study abroad, Chinese nurses felt pride in their accomplishment and self-respect for the knowledge and sophistication they gained.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Fertility management in Taiwanese and African-American women.

This article describes the fertility management experiences of two groups of women that are of cultures close to but different from dominant, mainstream American culture. A discussion of fertility management necessarily must occur within the context of such issues as the values and norms regarding sexual behavior, choice of partners, and childbearing patterns, and the support and resources offered by the social environment.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1992

Post-tubal sterilization syndrome.

This article presents a review of the literature on post-tubal sterilization syndrome. Although studies have shortcomings they suggest the majority of women undergoing tubal sterilization do not experience changes in menstrual patterns after the procedure, but a minority do. Suggestions are made for further research, conducted from a nursing perspective. Implications for practice are suggested, given the tentative information on post-tubal sterilization syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Use of contraceptives by women of upper socioeconomic status.

This was a descriptive correlational study of the contraceptive knowledge, methods, and consistency of contraceptive use by women of upper socioeconomic class. Socioeconomic class was determined using Hollingshead's Four-Factor Index of Social Status (1975) and was based on the woman's own educational and occupational status. The mean socioeconomic score for participants in this study (N = 83) was high in the second of five socioeconomic classes. Study participants were found to be consistent users of their contraceptive method and had fewer unplanned pregnancies in their history than the general population. They were more knowledgeable about contraceptives and reproduction than others tested with the same contraceptive knowledge instrument. They used barrier methods predominantly, with the use of less theoretically effective methods correlating significantly with a greater number of contraceptive methods used in the past.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The contraceptive needs of midlife women.

For those women who have not been contraceptively sterilized, midlife is a period of waning fertility. However, the occurrence of anovulatory menstrual cycles is unpredictable. Contraceptive methods also become increasingly contraindicated, both medically and physiologically. This article reviews the physiology of waning fertility and midlife contraceptive options, and discusses implications for helping women meet their contraceptive needs throughout the perimenopausal period.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Motivational orientations of registered nurse baccalaureate students in rural New England.

Using Houle's learning typology, this study examined the dimensions underlying reasons RNs in rural New England return to school to obtain a baccalaureate nursing degree. Factor analysis of the Educational Participation Scale revealed eight motivational orientations. These factors differ somewhat from the study of motivations of other continuing learners, in non-credit courses and in nursing baccalaureate study in an urban area. It is suggested that more study is needed with more diverse populations to validate nurses' motivational orientations, and that consideration must be paid to whether instruments aimed at the general population of continuing learners or the specific nursing population of study are appropriate.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preference for male children and contraceptive use in Taiwan.

Taiwan has an active family-planning program. Yet the preference for sons is deeply ingrained in the Chinese culture and may discourage women from limiting their family size if they feel they have too few sons. In this study, research problems concerned the relationships between women's stated preferences for the sex of their children, their perceptions of their in-laws' preferences for the number and sex of their children, and their use of birth control and choice of birth control methods. It was found that few women verbalized a preference for the sex of children, but the number of boys already in the family was related to the reliability of contraceptive method used later and to the willingness to consider abortion if pregnancy occurred. The desired number and occurrence of additional children related to women's perceptions of their in-laws' preferences for boys. The perception of in-laws' preferences for girls either related negatively or was not significant.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patterns of contraceptive use among urban women in Taiwan.

Patterns of contraceptive use among married urban women in Taiwan were investigated. A convenience sample of 150 women attending health clinics for reasons other than contraceptive care were interviewed about their contraceptive use. The most prevalent contraceptive method used by these women was the intrauterine device, followed by the condom and birth-control pills. Participants had used only one or two contraceptive methods throughout their contraceptive careers, and many stated they were satisfied with their current method. Many participants were able to name the methods of birth control promoted by the Taiwan family-planning promotion program. Knowledge of alternative methods did not significantly relate to current method in use or to desire to change methods.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of breastfeeding as a contraceptive.

Breastfeeding generally is considered an ineffective method of birth control. Yet, in non-Western cultures breastfeeding has been shown to be a beneficial method for spacing births. The physiological effect of breastfeeding on ovulation, breastfeeding patterns that delay the return of ovulatory activity, and the practice of fertility awareness during the postpartum period are reviewed. Guidelines are suggested for assessing, teaching, and referring women desiring to use breastfeeding as a contraceptive method.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Coitus interruptus. Considerations as a method of birth control.

Coitus interruptus generally is considered an ineffective form of contraception. No current data exist, however, on the use effectiveness of this method in the United States. This article supports the argument that information on how to use coitus interruptus should be a part of contraceptive counseling, especially for individuals prone to using this method (i.e., individuals inexperienced with contraceptive use and those who have exhausted all other contraceptive choices).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Validation of the nursing diagnosis of ineffective breastfeeding.

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of the definition, related factors, and defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis of ineffective breastfeeding. Also, to test whether defining characteristics relevant to the interruption of breastfeeding may be included in the diagnosis of ineffective breastfeeding. DESIGN: A methodologic study using a two-stage Delphi process. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-six nurses in the first round of the Delphi process and 34 nurses in the second round. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A Likert-like scale was used to measure nurse experts' opinions as to how reflective each defining characteristic was of ineffective breastfeeding. RESULTS: The definition of ineffective breastfeeding was simplified, related factors were added, and defining characteristics were clarified. Two characteristics of interruption of breastfeeding were found to be relevant to ineffective breastfeeding, but were considered minor rather than major. CONCLUSION: The definition, related factors, and defining characteristics of ineffective breastfeeding have been clarified and validated by nurse experts, but they need further validation by breastfeeding women.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Choosing and using contraception: toward a theory of women's contraceptive self-care.

Thirty women of varying ethnicity and socioeconomic status, who were actively seeking to avoid pregnancy, were interviewed concerning their lifetime experience with contraceptive use. The resulting description, Women's Contraceptive Self-Care, was divided into four processes: the central process, Choosing and Using Contraception, and three contextual processes. Forestalling Pregnancy was defined as using contraceptive methods or behaviors to prevent or delay childbearing. Assigning the Burden of Contraceptive Responsibility was defined as assuming responsibility for contraception or shifting that responsibility to a partner. Negotiating with Those who Control Contraception was defined as maneuvering among individuals and agencies that permit or hinder access to contraceptive methods and behaviors. Each process is comprised of thematic clusters and/or themes that are defined and illustrated.

Adult↗