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Biomedical subjects

D J Lollar

Publications and source records attributed to D J Lollar.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Disability outcomes research: why this supplement, on this topic, at this time?

The objective of this supplement is to define disability outcomes research and to describe the issues facing this new discipline. Drawing on the scientific, English-language literature, this group of articles reviews and comments on the current methods and measures of disability outcomes research, with an eye on providing insights into future directions for disability outcomes research. The future includes expansion of the framework that defined disability and evolution of the methods for the research itself.

Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed2000

Measures of outcomes for children and youth.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the issues related to the measurement of disability outcomes among children and on an assessment of selected instruments. DATA SOURCES: Published scientific English literature in the area of child development, public health, and outcomes research. STUDY SELECTION: Studies selected were those that provide global measures of health outcomes focusing on children. Those selected allowed data collection to address the effects of intervention on individual children or populations of children. Psychometric characteristics were also a part of the selection process. DATA EXTRACTION: Specific guidelines for assessing the instruments include the number of scales and index capability, breadth of domains, inclusion of norms, capacity to measure elements of the World Health Organization model of functioning and disability, item and scaling bias, respondent burden, administrative burden, and retest reliability. DATA SYNTHESIS: Thirteen instruments were included. The measures vary in their utility for broad versus specific applications, eg, clinical and public health uses. Children themselves are often not part of the assessment process. In addition, environmental influences on health outcomes of children are not adequately addressed. CONCLUSION: Although it is challenging to evaluate outcomes associated with children with disabilities, there are frameworks and instruments that will advance outcome measurement. Approaches that include children should be explored further, and the environmental influences including and beyond the family require further measurement development.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

Facilitating and assessing progress toward independence: SPARX.

As children with spina bifida are thriving physically, a need for encouraging independent behavior has arisen. The dynamics of dependency undermine youngster's potential for autonomous functioning. As programs are being developed, there is a need to measure the dimensions which contribute to independent behavior. As an outgrowth of the SPARX independence-training program at Shepherd Spinal Center, Atlanta, such a tool is being developed. The Independent Behavior Inventory focuses on those dimensions contributing to development of independence, including problem-solving, communication, self-help, family support, etc. Although the sample is small, reliability and validity statistics have been computed, and look promising. Use of the instrument in clinical settings in encouraged. Professionals are encouraged to intervene early with families so that the dynamics of dependency can be undermined and independence facilitated.

Activities of Daily Living↗