Hearing hazard of toy cellular telephones and walkie-talkies.
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Calibration↗
Biomedical subjects
D J Orchik
Publications and source records attributed to D J Orchik.
Middle ear and inner ear effects on clinical bone-conduction threshold.
The measurement of bone-conduction thresholds is an integral part of audiologic evaluation. The relationship between bone-conduction and air-conduction thresholds is the differentiating diagnostic indicator between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. At the same time, the influence of middle ear and inner ear structures upon the bone-conduction response has been well documented. We present two cases illustrating this influence and attempt to explain the clinical bone-conduction thresholds with operative findings.
Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
Speech recognition ability as a function of duration of deafness in multichannel cochlear implant patients.
Surgical implantation of a multichannel cochlear prosthesis has become a widespread treatment for profound hearing loss. The relationship between duration of hearing loss and speech recognition ability was examined in 20 postlinguistically deafened adults using the Nucleus 22-Channel Cochlear Prosthesis. Data analysis indicated statistically significant negative correlations between duration of profound hearing loss and postoperative performance on the Central Institute for the Deaf Everyday Sentence Test and the Northwestern University Monosyllabic Word Test (NU-6). Age at implantation and age at onset of profound hearing loss were not found to be significantly correlated with performance on the two measures. These findings are discussed in terms of patient counseling and prediction of potential benefit to the patient.
Adult↗
Computer generated probe-microphone measurements in hearing aid selection.
Verification of hearing aid performance through probe-microphone measurements has gained considerable popularity in recent years. This paper presents the basic concepts and terminology in computer generated probe-microphone measurements and reviews the clinical applications of this technology.
Computers↗
Sensorineural hearing loss in cordless telephone injury.
Audiometric data from 19 cases of cordless telephone injury are reviewed, including three cases with pre-insult and post-insult audiograms. In addition, data are presented from analyses of intensity and frequency for the ring signal of three telephones involved in injury cases. The most severe hearing loss was found at 500 Hz and 1000 Hz, where the mean threshold difference in the injured ear was 20 dB and 29 dB, respectively. The three cases for which pre-insult and post-insult data were available exhibited similar audiometric patterns, although the degree of threshold shift varied. Spectral analysis of the ring signal indicated sound-pressure levels of approximately 140 dB, with a fundamental frequency near 750 Hz.
Audiometry↗
Streptomycin treatment in Menière's disease.
Streptomycin treatment in Menière's disease has traditionally been used for control of vertigo in patients with severe bilateral involvement or unilateral involvement in the only hearing ear. Guidelines for use that have worked at the Shea Clinic are presented. In addition, a special case is discussed in which this form of therapy has been used for treatment of fluctuant hearing loss in a patient with Menière's disease.
Aged↗
Congenital absence of the incus: a novel method of reconstruction.
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Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
Electrocochleography and low-frequency harmonic acceleration in Meniere's disease.
We evaluated a series of 31 consecutive cases of Meniere's disease using electrocochleography (ECochG) and low-frequency harmonic acceleration (HA). The ECochG was positive for endolymphatic hydrops in 74% of the cases. A positive ECochG was strongly related to the degree of hearing loss. The results of harmonic acceleration were consistent with peripheral vestibular disorder in 80% of the cases. Five illustrative cases are also presented.
Adult↗
Low-frequency harmonic acceleration in the evaluation of patients with intracanalicular and cerebellopontine angle tumors.
The application of low-frequency harmonic acceleration (HA) with the rotary chair is becoming more widespread in the clinical evaluation of the vestibular system. In the last 2 years, 18 patients with surgically or radiologically confirmed intracanalicular or cerebellopontine angle tumors have been evaluated with this clinical modality. In all cases (100%)--which included seven small tumors--vestibular evaluation with HA was abnormal. Slow harmonic acceleration, as is the case with other methods of vestibular evaluation, is not specific for acoustic tumors. Its great sensitivity in detecting peripheral vestibular abnormalities, however, may make it a useful addition to the test battery in the evaluation of patients with suspected intracanalicular or cerebellopontine angle tumors.
Acceleration↗
Intensity and frequency of sound levels from cordless telephones. A pediatric alert.
Recent reports have established that the ring of a cordless telephone is sufficient to produce hearing loss. In the present study, the intensity and frequency spectrum of the ring signal for three cordless telephones known to be involved in reported cases of acoustic trauma are presented. The potential hazard to hearing is reviewed, the implications for the pediatric community discussed, and the recommendation made that unmodified cordless telephones be kept out of the reach of children.
Acoustics↗
Intractable tinnitus: psychiatric aspects of treatment.
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Adult↗
The effect of word list and talker variation on word recognition scores using time-altered speech.
Time-altered versions of the Auditec recordings of CID W-22 and Northwestern Auditory Test No. 6 (NU-6) were compared at five time-compressed ratios (0%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%) on twenty-eight normal-hearing listeners. NU-6 scores were consistently poorer than the W-22's, with significant differences observed at the 30% and 60% time-compressed conditions. The NU-6 data in this investigation were also compared with previously reported normative data, which used a different recorded version of NU-6. The scores from this study were found to be markedly poorer. Clinical implications are discussed.
Adolescent↗
Children's performance on a binaural fusion task.
Binaural auditory fusion of 108 children (4, 6, and 8 years old) was studied using three lists of monosyllable words (WIPI) presented at two sensation levels (30 and 40 dB). The words were processed to produce three bandwidth conditions (100, 300, 600 Hz) and were administered via three presentation modes (binaural fusion 1, diotic, binaural fusion 2). Results showed improved discrimination scores with increasing age, sensation level, and filter bandwidth. Diotic scores were better than the widest bandwidth (600 Hz) condition. The results confirmed the contention that prior research results were equivocal due, in large measure, to procedural variability. Methods for reducing such variability and enhancing the clinical viability of binaural fusion tasks are suggested.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
The SSI and NU6 in clinical hearing aid evaluation.
The Synthetic Sentence Identification (SSI) and the Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6 (NU6) were compared in a hearing aid evaluation procedure using normal-hearing listeners and subjects with sensorineural hearing loss. Listener performance was assessed at three message-to-competition ratios (MCR) employing the same competing message. Aided benefit and residual deficit were evaluated for both measures and, in general, the results obtained with the NU6 indicated greater aided benefit as well as greater residual deficit than the SSI for these hearing-impaired subjects. The results are discussed in terms of the implications for clinical hearing aid evaluations.
Adolescent↗
A comparison of the NU-6 and W-22 speech discrimination tests for assessing sensorineural hearing loss.
The Auditec recordings of the CID W-22 and NU-6 word lists were administered to 30 adults having sensorineural hearing losses. Speech discrimination scores for both tests were obtained at 16, 24, and 32 dB sensation level. Results suggest that both tests differentiate sensorineural-impaired subjects from normal listeners, although scores were significantly better for the W-22 word lists at all sensation levels. Implications for the clinical use of these measures are discussed.
Adult↗
Tympanometry as a predictor of middle ear effusion.
Tympanometry is often used as a major component of medical referral criteria in both diagnostic audiometry and hearing screening programs. This use is based on an assumption that a relationship exists between the tympanogram type and the presence of middle ear effusion. The present investigation examined this relationship in 142 ears immediately prior to myringotomy. The results suggest that prediction of middle ear effusion on the basis of tympanometric data alone is difficult at best. The only exception is in the case of a flat tympanometric curve (type B), when a 90% occurrence of notable effusion was found. The clinical implications of these data are discussed.
Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
Auditory function in sickle cell anemia.
Auditory function was assessed in nine black subjects with sickle cell anemia and compared with a control population. No differences were found for measures of hearing acuity and undistorted speech discrimination. However, some suggestion of reduced neural function was observed in terms of acoustic reflex measures and time-compressed speech discrimination. One subject with sickle cell anemia displayed a distinctive auditory profile that we treat separately.
Adolescent↗
Impedance audiometry in serous otitis media.
The relationship between the results of impedance audiometry and middle ear effusion in serous otitis media was examined in 76 ears immediately prior to myringotomy. Tympanometry and acoustic reflex threshold showed the highest correlation with the operative findings relative to middle ear effusion. The combination of tympanometry and acoustic refex threshold was superior to the use of either component alone. Results are discussed in terms of clinical implications with specific consideration of hearing screening programs.
Acoustic Impedance Tests↗