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Biomedical subjects

D J Turner

Publications and source records attributed to D J Turner.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1969

Awareness during caesarean section under general anaesthesia.

Investigation of a series of 150 obstetric patients, the majority undergoing caesarean section, showed the expected figure of 2% with factual recall. There was, however, a 17.3% occurrence of unpleasant recall-associated in 10 cases (6.6% of the total) with recall of pain. There was a negative correlation between the giving of a narcotic within six hours of the operation and the occurrence of unpleasant recall. Several other aetiological factors-age, parity, preoperative emotional tension, ventilation, nitrous oxide wash-out with oxygen, and nitrous oxide concentration-were investigated and no relation was found between them and unpleasant recall. It is suggested, therefore, that premedication still has an important function in light anaesthesia, using muscle relaxants, to prevent any form of unpleasant operative awareness.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cholinergic intrapancreatic neurons induce Ca&sup2+ signaling and early-response gene expression in pancreatic acinar cells.

Pancreatic exocrine function has been demonstrated to be under neuronal regulation. The pathways responsible for this effect, and the long-term consequences of such interactions, are incompletely described. The effects of neuronal depolarization on pancreatic acinar cells were studied to determine whether calcium signaling and c-fos expression were activated. In pancreatic lobules, which contain both neurons and acinar cells, agonists that selectively stimulated neurons increased intracellular calcium in acinar cells. Depolarization also led to the expression of c-fos protein in 24% +/- 4% of the acinar cells. In AR42J pancreatic acinar cells, cholinergic stimulation demonstrated an average increase of 398 +/- 19 nmol/L in intracellular calcium levels, and induced c-fos expression that was time and dose dependent. The data indicate that intrapancreatic neurons induce Ca&sup2+ signaling and early-response gene expression in pancreatic acinar cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cholinergic stimulation of rat acinar cells increases c-fos and c-jun expression via a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway.

Acetylcholine release from cholinergic neurons regulates pancreatic exocrine function through pathways that are still under investigation. Pancreatic AR42J acinar cells were studied to determine intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) release, enzyme activation, and gene expression in response to the acetylcholine analog carbachol (CCh). CCh stimulated dose-dependent increases in [Ca(2+)](i) that were inhibited by atropine and by specific inhibitors to the muscarinic receptor subtypes m1 and m3. Polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed, which sequenced products corresponding to the m1 and m3 receptor subtypes but not the m2 subtype. CCh also stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. CCh induced time-and dose-dependent increases in the c-fos and c-jun early-response genes, which were blocked by m1 and m3 inhibition but not by m2 inhibition.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Randomized trial comparing a radially expandable needle system with cutting trocars.

Sharp trocar insertion for laparoscopic procedures carries with it increased risk for vascular and visceral complications and incisional hernia. In a trial, which randomized 87 patients to treatment with either sharp trocars or a radially expanding needle system with blunt dilator, results showed that with the latter system there was statistically improved patient assessment of pain, a lower complications rate, and shorter procedure time. In the group of patients randomized to treatment with conventional trocars, there were a total of six instrument-related adverse events (6/42): four cases (five incidences) of abdominal wall injuries and one small bowel perforation caused by a Veress needle. Of the 45 patients randomized to the blunt dilator/cannula treatment, there was one adverse event (1/45) that was unrelated to the blunt dilator/cannula system: Veress needle injury to abdominal vasculature. The radially expanding access system demonstrates statistically improved patient postoperative comfort and improved patient safety.

Adult↗