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Biomedical subjects

D J Wagstaff

Publications and source records attributed to D J Wagstaff.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Retrospective searching for poisonous plant vouchers.

Few published reports of plant poisoning, whether experimental or accidental, document vouchers. This can be rectified by retrospective location of vouchers through determination of a collaborating botanist or herbarium of deposit. An absolute voucher is referenced in the toxicology report. For a probable voucher the report does not identify an herbarium specimen, but the report and the specimen label or sheet agree on plant name, collector's name, collection date and place. A possible voucher is perhaps from the exposure lot, but was collected by the collaborating botanist at a somewhat earlier or later date than the exposure date. On the other hand, a supporting specimen was collected by the collaborating botanist but is not from the exposure lot. Vouchers and supporting specimens for some species of Asclepias tested for toxicity by CD Marsh and coworkers were found in the US National Herbarium at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1999

Poisonous plant vouchers.

Every published report of plant poisoning, whether experimental or accidental, should document plant identification. The essential elements are: complete botanical Latin name including species, specific epithet and author(s); name of the collaborating botanist who identified the plant; and herbarium and collection number of a voucher specimen from the exposure lot. Additional information to aid identification might include plant photographs, drawings, and descriptions.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Dietary exposure to furocoumarins.

Natural furocoumarins, some of which are carcinogenic, are widespread components of the diet which are frequently consumed. Because of the paucity of samples, the wide scatter of analytical values, and other limitations in the data, only broad conclusions can be drawn. Most of the exposure is from limes, with smaller amounts coming from other citrus and umbelliferous food plants. The per capita exposure is estimated to be 1.3 mg per day. Exposure can be reduced through controlling stress in growing plants and stored food products. Because furocoumarins are one class of a large group of chemicals in a defensive system essential to plant survival, their total eradication is not possible. Further research is needed to assess their health risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A poisonous plant file in TOXLINE.

A file has been added to TOXLINE on the subject of the toxicology of poisonous plants. It contains 2508 records, each of which comprises the full reference, key words, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number and abstract when available. A controlled vocabulary was constructed for the indexing and can be obtained from the National Technical Information Service. Searches can be made for several different data elements including authors; year; significant textwords of the title or abstract; journal or book; document type such as review or case report; geographic place at the level of continent, nation and state/province; plant species at the level of family, genus and species; plant parts involved; animal species affected including humans; type of harmful effects including major signs and lesions and chemicals.

Information Systems↗
PubMed1989

Poisonous plant information system (PPIS).

There is a need for efficient storage and retrieval of information about poisonous plants. The purpose of this article is to describe the Poisonous Plant Information System (PPIS) and to discuss basic issues in building and maintaining databases within the larger context of combined veterinary databases. This paper defines the database of PPIS and discusses its contents. Access methods are explained and sample search techniques are given.

Information Systems↗
PubMed1987

Food intake and mortality in the United States.

Patterns of food intake and cause-specific death rates were compared for population groups of the United States for 1965, the first year for which national files are available. Aging was a much more important determinant of death rates than type of food eaten. There were no strong patterns of rank correlations of food intake and cause of death, but there was a preponderance of positive rank correlations for alcohol. This, together with similarities of age distributions of alcohol intake and death rates for causes related to alcohol, suggested the hypothesis that alcohol was associated with increased mortality. Other than this, because of the limited power of the exploratory statistical procedures applied, the hypothesis that there were health differences in people eating different foods could be neither accepted nor rejected.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Human poisoning by zigadenus.

Zigadenus (death camas) is a dangerous plant in the United States. The literature contains several well-documented nonfatal human cases of zigadenus poisoning. Fatal cases were recorded in interviews of 19th century western American Indians. This paper contains an account from early in the 20th century of some railroad workers who died shortly after eating the bulbs. The probable fatal dose, extrapolated from animal data, ranges from less than one-tenth pound (four-five bulbs) for a young child to a pound for an adult. Other parts of the plant such as nectar and seeds are also highly toxic.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

TOXLINE--an information resource.

TOXLINE is the National Library of Medicine's online bibliographic database covering the toxicologic, pharmacologic, biochemical, physiologic, and environmental effects of chemicals. It is a merged database composed of subsets from 13 different sources. Most of the citations in TOXLINE refer to journal articles; other publication types include meeting reports, monographs, patents, research project reports, technical reports and theses. TOXLINE is searched using a number of synonyms to fully express a concept, as compared to MEDLINE which can be searched by standard terms, thus obviating the need for synonym search terms. Toxicologists, other scientists, and clinicians are encouraged to become familiar with online searching techniques and to conduct their own searches.

Drug Information Services↗
PubMed1980

Heptachlor residue accumulation and depletion in broiler chickens.

Broiler chickens were fed heptachlor in concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 mg/kg of the ration for the first 8 weeks of life. There were no adverse effects on health or performance. Residue concentrations in adipose tissue increased rapidly for 1 to 2 weeks and then tended to plateau at concentrations about five times greater than those in the rations. Birds exposed only during the 7th week of life stored 25% as much residue as did the chickens exposed in the 1st week, but the former also ate only 63% as much feed. Fat extracted from liver and muscle contained more residue than did fat extracted from adipose tissue. The ratio of the concentration of heptachlor to its epoxide metabolite was higher in muscle fat than in heptic or abdominal fat. Residue concentrations depleted by about half in the first 4 weeks after cessation of exposure.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1980

Infrared photographic measurement of pupillary effects of dichlorvos in Beagles.

Dichlorvos was given orally to Beagles at dose rates of 13.4, 27, and 40.5 mg/kg of body weight. Pupillary response to a single strobe flash was observed by using infrared cinematography. In dogs given the two larger dosages, the pupil contracted to a smaller size than it had been before treatment (base line) and recovered more slowly to base-line diameter.

Animals↗