PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D J West

Publications and source records attributed to D J West.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Technical note: femoral angiography using the reverse shuffle technique.

We report our findings using the "reverse shuffle" technique of stepping table femoral angiography. This technique represents a simple modification of the conventional stepping table sequence entailing a reverse table movement allowing acquisition of early and late films in the distal positions. It was developed in order to minimize the number of runs required in each examination. In a retrospective study 52/53 (98%) of angiograms using the reverse shuffle technique required only a single run compared with 30/51 (58%) using the conventional technique. We believe that the reverse shuffle should be used where possible when stepping table angiography is performed. Furthermore, the incorporation of a reverse table movement may also be advantageous in angiography using automated digital subtraction angiography (DSA) stepping systems.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Development and persistence of antibody in a high risk institutionalized population given plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine.

Three hundred and twenty-two (322) persons with severe mental handicaps were given plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine (20 micrograms dose at 0, 1 and 6 months). Following the third injection, 95% of the vaccinees were positive for anti-HBs, while 92% achieved a protective level of antibody (greater than or equal to 10 mIU ml-1) with a geometric mean titre of 2568 mIU ml-1. Females responded better than males. Antibody responses declined with increasing age in both sexes, but they were not significantly influenced by body weight. Persistence of antibody in responders was followed over 4 years. The proportion of responders maintaining greater than or equal to 10 mIU ml-1 was a function of initial antibody titre but was not significantly affected by sex, age or body weight. Overall, 76% of the responders are estimated to have greater than or equal to 10 mIU ml-1 of anti-HBs 4 years after the first injection of vaccine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Vaccination of infants and children against hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B infection and its sequelae constitute a significant public health problem in the United States. It is estimated that 300,000 acute hepatitis B infections occur each year, with about 25% accompanied by both clinical illness and jaundice. Some infections become chronic and ultimately may cause development of liver cirrhosis or primary hepatocellular carcinoma. The risk of chronicity is especially great with infections that occur in infancy. Highly effective vaccines comprised of purified hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) particles are now available for the prevention of hepatitis B infection. A first-generation vaccine utilized HBsAg derived from the plasma of infected persons; this has now been replaced by two similar vaccines that incorporate HBsAg produced by genetically engineered strains of the common bakers' yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Improved use of vaccine is needed to reduce and ultimately eliminate hepatitis B infection. Vaccination already is recommended for persons recognized to be at increased risk of exposure to virus-containing blood or other body fluids (e.g., infants born to carrier mothers, household or sexual contacts of carriers); however, mass vaccination of adolescents and infants is needed to interdict effectively a majority of all exposures to the hepatitis B virus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The measurement of time-averaged flow by magnetic resonance imaging using continuous acquisition in the carotid arteries and its comparison with Doppler ultrasound.

A continuous acquisition method was used to measure the time-averaged flow in the carotid arteries of 10 normal volunteers, using an interleaved flow-sensitive and flow-compensated field echo sequence on a 1.5 T magnetic resonance (MR) system. Validation of the sequence and technique was performed using a pulsatile rotating phantom. The measured flow rates for the common carotid arteries were compared with Doppler ultrasound values obtained immediately after the MR measurement using a Duplex scanner. The correlation (r = 0.52, P less than 0.01) was significant with data spread accounted for by the inherent errors of both techniques. The difference between time-averaged flow measured by MR and Doppler ultrasound was 1.9%. Short-term reproducibility of each technique was assessed by consecutive measurements with values of 6.8% and 6.6% respectively for MR and Doppler; measurements after a 2 - 4 week interval gave a long-term reproducibility of 11.8% and 9.8% respectively. The advantages of continuous acquisition make the method suitable for non-invasive flow measurements, particularly for vessels that are not accessible to ultrasound.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1989

The localization of myocardial ischaemia with technetium-99m methoxy isobutyl isonitrile and single photon emission computed tomography.

Thirty-two patients with suspected coronary artery disease were studied by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging with oblique reconstructions of the myocardium following the intravenous administration of technetium-99m methoxy isobutyl isonitrile at peak exercise. All patients also underwent three-vessel coronary angiography. The SPECT technique produced very detailed images allowing easy delineation of localized myocardial defects. Segmental myocardial uptake defects were compared with diseased vessels as shown at angiography. A good correlation was shown between right coronary artery (RCA) disease and mid and proximal inferior segments and between left circumflex (LCx) artery disease and mid and proximal lateral segments, allowing accurate localization of a defect to one of these two vessels' territories. Sensitivity and specificity of detection of disease of the RCA and LCx artery were high. Defects associated with a lesion of the left anterior descending vessel were more variable.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Incest in childhood and adolescence: long-term effects and therapy.

Concern about sexual contacts between children and adults in their homes focuses on the more extreme examples, but cases vary in seriousness, in the family situations in which they occur and in the effects on the children. Discrimination is called for in assessment and management and in balancing the interests of victims against the demands of justice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Are there any successful men from criminogenic backgrounds?

In the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, a prospective longitudinal survey of 411 London males, a vulnerable group of 63 boys from criminogenic backgrounds was defined on the basis of the best nonbehavioral predictors of delinquency at age 8-10 (low family income, large family size, convicted parents, low intelligence, and poor parental child-rearing behavior). These males were followed up to age 32, and the more successful men were defined according to criteria such as the absence of convictions and of other deviant behavior, good relationships with wives and children, and good accommodation and employment histories. Hence, "success" here refers to satisfactory social adjustment. The more successful men were those who had been neurotic at age 10, those who had few or no friends at age 8, those without convicted parents or behavior problem siblings, those with mothers who had a high opinion of their sons, and those who did not spend their leisure time with their fathers. At age 8-10 they were already better behaved and less daring than those later judged as the unsuccessful men. There was some tendency for shyness to act as a protective factor against delinquency for non-aggressive boys but as an aggravating factor for aggressive boys.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Overview of clinical studies with hepatitis B vaccine made by recombinant DNA.

The Merck, Sharp and Dohme hepatitis B vaccine formulated from HBsAg produced by a recombinant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has proven to be highly immunogenic and safe. A 10 micrograms dose of the vaccine produced an anti-HBs response of greater than or equal to 10 IU/l in 91% or more of healthy adults who completed the three-dose regimen. Children responded well to all levels of vaccine antigen utilised but developed maximum anti-HBs titres with 5 micrograms doses. The age of the vaccine recipient affected responsiveness. Younger adults (20-29 years) responded more rapidly and with higher anti-HBs titres than did older adults (greater than or equal to 50 years). Children responded faster and with higher anti-HBs levels than younger adults. Clinical reactions reported after vaccination were mild and transient.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Clinical evaluation in healthy adults of a hepatitis B vaccine made by recombinant DNA.

A vaccine formulated from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) produced by a recombinant strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was administered to two groups of human volunteers composed of 37 healthy, low-risk adults. Each subject received a 10-micrograms dose of HBsAg at 0, 1, and 6 months. By one month, 27% to 40% of the vaccinees had antibody to HBsAg, and by three months 80% to 100% were antibody positive. Large boosts in titer followed the third dose at six months. The antibody formed is predominantly specific for the a determinant of HBsAg. There have been no serious reactions attributable to the vaccine. The most frequent complaint has been transient soreness at the injection site. As far as we know, this is the first reported use in man of a vaccine prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of a passive hemagglutination test kit for the detection of rubella antibodies.

RUBACELL (Abbott Laboratories), a commercial test kit for the detection of rubella antibodies that utilizes the principle of passive hemagglutination (PHA), was compared with a standard hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay procedure. The PHA test gives a qualitative yes/no result suitable for pregravidic determination of immune status. The procedure is technically simple and requires less than half the time needed for the HI assay. Four of 61 sera that were negative with HI assay tested as indeterminate or as falsely positive using the RUBACELL procedure.

Antibodies, Viral↗