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Biomedical subjects

D Johnsen

Publications and source records attributed to D Johnsen.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Baby bottle tooth decay (BBTD): issues, assessment, and an opportunity for the nutritionist.

Baby Bottle Tooth Decay (BBTD) is a rampant form of caries affecting the maxillary incisors, and frequently the molars, that occurs before the age of 2 years and is of growing concern. BBTD is a nutritional disorder whose outcome is carious teeth. Treatment involves extensive and expensive restoration of teeth or extraction of teeth associated with physical restraint, sedation, or general anesthesia in a hospital. This review of several issues regarding BBTD includes description, etiology and pathogenesis, prevalence, background factors, treatment, timing for intervention, existing strategies, and research opportunities. The disease is of significance to the nutritionist because it is totally preventable and occurs at an age when many children have seen a nutritionist (e.g., in a WIC program) but may not have seen a dentist. The dietetic practitioner can identify children at risk, determine awareness by the parent, and establish a behavioral contract with the parent. The practitioner needs to succeed for only a brief time to prevent BBTD.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1988

Risk factors in the population of the GDR-MONICA Study (1983/84).

The GDR-MONICA project comprises 25 administratively defined areas with a population of nearly two million people aged 25-64. Data from the first random sample survey are reported here. The survey gathered information regarding risk factors, dietary behaviour, physical activity and psychosocial factors from 11,281 persons aged 25-64. The average risk factor levels were high in the population: The mean casual blood pressure was 140/88 mmHg and 138/86 mmHg for men and women respectively. In both sexes the mean total cholesterol level exceeded 6.1 mmol/L, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was just over 26.0. The study population consumed, on average, excessive amounts of energy, fat, alcohol, and sodium, and too few carbohydrates. Preliminary conclusions regarding unfavourable trends in risk factor levels have been drawn by comparing the present data with other recent reliable epidemiological studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Nitrous oxide-induced myelopathy-neuropathy: potential for chronic misuse by dentists.

The myelopathy and neuropathy associated with chronic misuse of nitrous oxide are potentially reversible if the habit is discontinued. This occurred in each of the reported cases, including our case, when it was transiently discontinued. Although a causal relationship between nitrous oxide and this myelopathy-neuropathy has not been proved, the circumstantial evidence is convincing. Both physicians and dentists should be aware of this potentially serious complication of chronic self-administration of nitrous oxide, especially in persons inclined to misuse drugs. Dentists, with their access to nitrous oxide, may be particularly at risk.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Longitudinal evaluation of caries patterns form the primary to the mixed dentition.

The purpose of this study was to develop a model describing the sites and patterns of dental caries in the mixed dentition for children with one of five caries experiences in the primary dentition. Dental records were used from 317 children followed an average of 7.8 years in private pediatric dental offices to assess specific caries experiences in children from early primary dentition to middle or late mixed dentition. Eighty-four per cent of the children who were caries-free in the primary dentition remained so in the mixed dentition. Children with the pit and fissure caries pattern in the primary dentition were more likely to develop smooth surface caries of primary teeth in the mixed dentition (32%) than caries-free children (14%, X2 = 5.6;P less than 0.05). For children with molar-approximal lesions in the primary dentition, 57% developed lesions on additional molar-approximal surfaces in the primary teeth in the mixed dentition. Children with the faciolingual pattern (baby bottle tooth decay) were at the highest risk of any group for developing additional carious lesions. The model could serve as a basis for a prospective study.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new threat to pregnant women's autonomy.

Courts and legislatures are increasingly being called upon to restrict the autonomy of pregnant women by requiring them to behave in ways that others determine are best for the fetuses they carry. The state should not attempt to transform pregnant women into ideal baby-making machines. Pregnant women make decisions about their behavior in the context of the rest of their lives, with all the attendant complexities and pressures. Our interest in helping future children by improving prenatal care would best be furthered by helping pregnant women to make informed, less constrained choices, not by punishing women or depriving them of choices altogether.

Behavior Control↗