Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D K White.
Inverted follicular keratosis, a benign tumor of the skin believed to arise from the infundibular portion of the hair follicle that can involve perioral skin, has a unique histologic picture. It can be confused with forms of skin cancer; with knowledge of this entity, oral and maxillofacial surgeons may be able to avoid unnecessary surgery. The clinical and microscopic findings of 12 cases of inverted follicular keratosis are reported.
The authors present an example of mycosis fungoides which was initially diagnosed from a palatal biopsy. The distinctive nuclear morphology of the tumor cells, with a discussion of their diagnostic importance, is presented. The advantages of plastic-embedded formalin-fixed tissue are delineated.
The lateral periodontal cyst is a developmental cyst of odontogenic origin which is located along the lateral aspect of a tooth root. Thirty-seven previously unreported lateral periodontal cysts ( LPCs ) are presented. Clinical, roentgenographic and histologic features of the LPC are reviewed. Further, the importance of distinguishing the developmental LPC from laterally positioned inflammatory cysts of pulpal or periodontal disease origin and laterally occurring odontogenic keratocysts is stressed.
1. Two cases of a combined epithelial odontogenic tumor which had areas of AOT and CEOT were presented. 2. A review of the studies on histogenesis of the AOT revealed that the tumor probably consists of preameloblasts, stratum intermedium, and stellate reticulum. 3. A review of the studies on histogenesis of the CEOT revealed that the probable origin was in cells of stratum intermedium. 4. It is suggested that the present cases support the aforementioned theories of histogenesis and represent AOT's which contain foci of CEOT. 5. The suggested treatment is simple surgical excision.
Four cases of inverted ductal papilloma are presented. Their origin is the excretory duct reserve cell of minor salivary gland and they appear clinically as a submucosal mass. All tumors occurred in adults and there was equal distribution between men and women. Treatment is complete surgical excision and no recurrences have been reported thus far.
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Sprague-Dawley male rats responding for sweetened milk on a variable interval 20 s schedule of reinforcement were trained to discriminate which of two levers to press on the basis of whether they had been injected with 1.0 mg/kg of d-amphetamine or saline prior to daily training sessions. Following acquisition of the discrimination a dose-response generalization function was determined by testing animals on 0.10, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.50 and 0.75 mg/kg of amphetamine. Subjects then received either three electroconvulsive shock (ECS) treatments of sham-ECS forty-eight hours after the final treatment all subjects were injected with 0.25 mg/kg of amphetamine and retested. ECS was found to enhance the ability of the animals to discriminate amphetamine. In a second experiment it was found that ECS also facilitated the ability of animals to discriminate the cue properties of apomorphine, a direct dopamine receptor agonist. These results suggest that dopamine receptor sensitivity is altered by electroconvulsive shock.
Mucosal alterations in fellatio may appear as a submucosal hemorrhage which now exhibits a distinctive enough clinical picture that histologic examination is not needed. The occurrence in male subjects has not been stressed in the literature but must be a consideration when palatal hemorrhage is noted. Fellatio should also be considered in patients with palatal mucositis and Candida albicans should be definitely ruled out as the causative factor in these cases. Cytologic or histologic examination should be done and microscopic examination of the submitted tissue should be extensive to find organisms which may be present only in small numbers.
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Earlier studies suggested that the combined techniques of excision, freezing, and reimplantation of mandibular bone may provide a new method for the treatment of intraoral bone tumors. An experiment was conducted to investigate the bone healing and revascularization associated with resected, frozen, and reimplanted maxillary bone. In all the FT and NFT hemimaxillas evaluated, complete reconstitution occurred. The degree of revascularization was similar in both FT and NFT monkeys, suggesting that freezing does not adversely effect subsequent revascularization. Compared to the sham operated sides, both FT and NFT hemimaxillas showed a high degree of revascularization; this phenomenon was greatest at six weeks postoperatively. Microscopically, in all the animals, periosteal osteoblastic activity was present in variable amounts. The interstitial tissue was predominantly fibrous rather than fatty marrow, and no detectable differences were noticed between FT and NFT animals in the same time interval.
No effect of penicillamine upon intelligence was found in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy when compared to placebo administered in a double-blind fashion. All children, however, showed a significant progressive decline in intelligence quotient. An analysis of mental age showed no change over a 24-month period, suggesting that a static intellectual deficit exists. These data support other findings of a central nervous system dysfunction in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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The effect of pre-treatment with haloperidol, a dopamine antagonist, on chronic amphetamine's suppression of intra-cranial self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus was investigated. Rats treated with 15 mg/kg d-amphetamine per day for seven days displayed a marked increase in reward threshold for electrical brain stimulation responding with an accompanying suppression of response rate. This disruption of intracranial self-stimulation responding was not observed when 30 min prior to each amphetamine injection, animals were injected with 1.0 mg/kg of haloperidol. This study demonstrates that post-synaptic mechanisms play an integral role in the development of chronic amphetamine depression, and suggests that changes at the dopamine receptor are involved in this reward system alteration.
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Nine cases identified as acinic cell adenocarcinoma of minor salivary glands from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and the Department of Pathology, Temple University School of Dentistry were studied to determine the clinical and histomorphologic parameters of this lesion. One case was examined ultrastructurally. Clinical results show that the tumor is more common in females and the average age of patients was 42.5 years. The most common sites were upper and lower lips and buccal mucosa. The tumor tends to be locally limited, but recurrence is a distinct possibilty. Cytologic features usually associated with malignancies are generally not present. However, perineural space and muscle invasion occur, and it is felt that this tumor should be considered as a low-grade malignancy. Fine structural observations showed the presence of cells with serous secretory granules and cells with mucous globules. However, the serous secretory granules were not as numerous as those reported in the acinic cell adenocarcinoma of the parotid gland. It appears that these tumors arise from intercalated duct cells or pluripotential duct cells rather than from fully differentiated serous cells.
Four cases of central granular-cell tumor of the jaws were evaluated to determine the clinical parameters of the lesion, and one of these cases was examined with the electron microscope to investigate the nature of the granular cells. The average age of the patients at the time of treatment was 55 years; all four patients were women. Three of the lesions originated in the mandible, and one in the maxilla. Follow-up studies revealed no recurrences. Electron microscopic examination of one case revealed that the granular cells contained many lysosome-like particles and that these cells are identical to those found in the granular-cell myoblastoma.
In summary, a teenaged patient had generalized loss of tooth structure. As the patient previously had a normal dental history and as his family history was negative, many causative factors were quickly ruled out. Finally, after obtaining full cooperation of the patient and reviewing the complete medical records, it was concluded that the loss of tooth structure resulted from demineralization by acidic gastric contents, due to chronic regurgitation and vomiting.