Biomedical subjects

D Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo

Publications and source records attributed to D Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

[Intralesional corticosteroid injection in the treatment of chalazion].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of intralesional corticosteroid injection in the treatment of chalazia in black African patients. METHODS: In a prospective study conducted between February 1999 and February 2000, 25 black African patients with chalazion (25 eyes, 29 chalazia), ranging in age from 15 to 54 years (mean age +/- SD, 30.6+/-9 years), were treated with intralesional triamcinolone (injection of 0.075 - 0.5 ml triamcinolone acetate at a 5-mg/ml concentration). RESULTS: Success was achieved in 18 (72%) of 25 patients [20 (74%) out of 27 eyes, 22 (76%) out of 29 chalazia)]. In 11 of 25 patients, two intralesional injections were necessary to obtain these results. Recurrence occurred in five eyes (five chalazia, 17%) after 5-6 weeks. During a mean +/- SD of 4.68 months (range, 3.5-12 months) of follow-up, no postinjection ocular complication occurred. CONCLUSION: Intralesional corticosteroid injection appears to be effective in managing chalazion in black African patients, as reported in previous studies in Caucasian patients. This treatment can be used when curettage is contraindicated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Headaches in ophthamology].

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of ocular abnormalities in patients with headache seen for an ocular examination. METHODS: All 944 consecutive new patients with headache examined during a 3-year period (1984-1986) at the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients received an ocular examination which included measurement of visual acuity, refraction, slit lamp examination, and fundoscopy. Other examinations such as measurement of intraocular pressure, neuro-ophthalmological examination, visual field and fluoangiography were performed when needed. RESULTS: The frequency of patients with headache examined during this period was 15.6% (944 out of 6,066 patients) or one patient out of 16 new patients. Their average age was 30+/-13.5 years. Females (60%) complained more frequently of headache than males (40%) (p<0.05). Migraine was found in 3.9% of patients. Ocular abnormalities were found in 505 (64%) patients and included refractive disorders (44%), lesions of the posterior segment (17%), abnormalities of the conjunctiva (12%), abnormalities of the anterior segment (12%), presbyopia (11%), and ocular motor palsies, heterophoria, convergence insufficiency and other ocular abnormalities (4%). Of 224 patients with ametropia, 154 (69%) were myopic with or without astigmatism. When specified, headache was most often fronto-occipital. Headache was most frequently associated with decreased vision, eye pain, epiphora, foreign body sensation, itching, and photophobia. CONCLUSION: Ocular examination could be necessary in cases of patients who complain of headache.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Ocular findings in children with homozygous sickle cell disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to determine the frequency of ocular manifestations in Congolese children with homozygous sickle cell disease. METHODS: Sixty-six children with homozygous sickle cell disease were examined for ocular abnormalities between March 1 and August 31, 1998. The ages of children ranged from two to 18 years. Routine ophthalmic examination included measurement of visual acuity, inspection of the adnexa and cornea, refraction, silt-lamp examination and dilated ophthalmoscopy. RESULTS: Ocular abnormalities were found in 47 (71%) children of 66 subjects. Ophthalmologic abnormalities included conjunctival signs (32%), retinal vascular tortuosity (29%) and dilatation (26%), AV crossing (29%). CONCLUSIONS: Ocular findings in this study were similar to those previously published in Africa, which showed a low frequency of retinal changes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Outer orbital distance, inner canthal distance and interpupillary distance, proptosis in children with homozygous sickle cell disease.

BACKGROUND: On basis of clinical observation paediatricians in Kinshasa had the impression that children with homozygous sickle cell disease have a special face characterised by hypertelorism. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to determine outer orbital, inner canthal and interpupillary distances as well as proptosis in children with sickle cell disease. METHODS: These measurements were performed on 66 Congolese children with homozygous sickle cell disease, aged from 2 to 18 years. The measurements were performed with the Hertel exophthalmometer for the proptosis and the outer orbital distance, with the pupillometer model PD-2 meter for the interpupillary distance and with a ruler for the inner canthal distance. The results were compared with those of 95 healthy children of similar age. RESULTS: All measurements were age related. In every age group the values for inner canthal distance were identical to those of healthy children, but the interpupillary, the outer orbital distances and the proptosis were significantly smaller. CONCLUSIONS: A slow growth of orbital tissue in children with homozygous sickle cell was suggested to explain the difference with healthy children. Other biometric studies comparing the orbital measurements with the rest of the body are needed to confirm or refute this hypothesis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Severe subconjunctival haemorrhage associated with malaria.

PURPOSE: To describe a patient with sudden onset of subconjunctival haemorrhage related to malaria. METHODS: A case report. RESULTS: The patient, who had a history of malaria, had bilateral subconjunctival haemorrhages. General examination showed no abnormality except malaria. All signs of conjunctival haemorrhages resolved later. CONCLUSION: Ocular malaria should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subconjunctival haemorrhages.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia in AIDS patients in Congo Kinshasa.

PURPOSE: To determine the clinical characteristics of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma and conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia in AIDS patients. METHODS: A review of AIDS patients with biopsy-confirmed conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma and conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia seen between 1994 and 1997. RESULTS: Ten patients, aged from 25 to 46 years (average, 37.3 years) were seen. There were three men and seven women. The mean delay of diagnosis was 7 months. Of the 10 patients, three had squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva and seven had conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia. Both eyes were involved with equal frequency. Lesions involved the corneoscleral limbus and the conjunctiva in eight patients and the conjunctiva in two patients. Localization of lesions was temporal in six patients, nasal in three patients and inferior in one patient. All patients were treated by excision of the lesions. A recurrence was seen in two patients (during the follow-up of 6 months). CONCLUSION: The conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia in AIDS patients in this study showed similar clinical characteristics as those reported in immunocompetent persons, but occurred in a younger age group and were more aggressive.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1997

Glaucoma in Congo.

OBJECTIVE: To determine frequencies of various types of glaucoma in an urban community of Congo. METHODS: The records of 176 patients with the diagnosis of glaucoma examined between 1991 and 1995 at a non-university center were reviewed. A complete ophthalmological examination was performed in each patient including best visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp examination, ophthalmology and intraocular pressure measurements. Gonioscopy and visual field examination were performed when needed. RESULTS: The frequency distribution of the various subtypes of glaucoma was: open-angle glaucoma (72.2%), aphakic glaucoma (9%), uveitis glaucoma (6%), exfoliative glaucoma (3%), glaucoma secondary to ocular trauma (2.2%), cataract glaucoma (1.7%), normal tension glaucoma (1.7%), congenital glaucoma (1.7%), neovascular glaucoma (1.3%), pigmentary glaucoma (0.6%), corticosteroid-induced glaucoma (0.6%), and glaucoma associated with retinoblastoma (0.6%); CONCLUSION: Despite the limitations inherent of a retrospective review of records, our study provides an indication of the prevalence of various types of glaucoma in a urban community of Congo. This study confirmed also the rarity of primary angle-closure glaucoma in the black.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Risk factors for open-angle glaucoma in 260 black subjects in Congo.

OBJECTIVE: To identify possible risk factors for open-angle glaucoma (OAG) among 260 black subjects in Kinshasa (Congo). METHODS: Between May 14, 1996 and June 14, 1996, 260 persons, aged 24-60 years old, working at a factory in Kinshasa, have been examined. Twenty-two patients with OAG and 238 controls were identified. Data were obtained through interviews and clinical examinations. OAG was defined by the presence of both optic disc damage and characteristic visual field defects. RESULTS: The frequency of OAG was 8.5%. Associations were found with intraocular pressure greater than 21 mmHg (Odds ratio (OR) = 119.4, 95% confidence interval (CI), 17.62 to 4960.64), current cigarette smoking (OR = 2.77, 95% CI, 1.04 to 7.34) and Mongo ethnic subgroup (OR = 3.195, 95% CI, 0.93 to 9.57). CONCLUSION: Mongo ethnic subgroup seemed to be another risk factor for OAG in Congo.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Differences in the trabecular meshwork between Belgian and Congolese patients with open-angle glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To study the alterations of the trabecular meshwork of Belgian and Congolese patients with open angle glaucoma (OAG). METHODS: A trabeculectomy was performed in 27 OAG patients from Belgium and 24 from Congo; the trabecular specimens were fixed, embedded, stained, and studied by light microscopy. These specimens were compared with the trabecular meshworks from 5 Belgian non-glaucomatous eyes. RESULTS: The mean number (+/- standard deviation) of trabecular cells per field was 69 (+/- 10) in Belgian normal eyes, 34 (+/- 17) in Belgian OAG patients, and 10 (+/- 6) in Congolese OAG patients. The trabecular meshwork was collapsed and Schlemm's canal was closed in the cases with a diminished number of cells. Pigmentation was present in 79% of the Congolese and in 35% of the Belgian specimens. CONCLUSION: The trabecular meshwork from OAG patients has a lower cellularity than normal, and the effect is much more pronounced in the trabecular meshwork from Congolese patients. This may be a possible explanation for the racial differences in OAG and the more severe forms of glaucoma in black people.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Postoperative instillation of 0.04% mitomycin C in the treatment of primary pterygium in Zaire.

PURPOSE: to investigate, in the first report in Central Africa, the influence of tropical Mitomycin C on the recurrence rate and on the complications after surgical treatment for primary pterygium. METHODS: Sixty-six patients with primary pterygia underwent excision of the lesion, leaving the sclera bare. Patients were randomized in two groups: in one group (36 eyes in 33 patients) 0.04% mitomycin C eye drops were used four times daily during two weeks or longer after surgery, the other group (41 eyes in 33 patients) underwent only surgery. The mean follow-up period was 6 months (range, one to 24 months). RESULTS: seven (19.4%) pterygia recurred in the group of eyes treated with topical 0.04% mitomycin C and 11 (26.8%) in the group of eyes treated without this drug. This difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Complications were observed in two (5.6%) eyes in group 1 and included conjunctival granuloma (one eye) and transient ocular hypertension. In group 2, complications were noted in four eyes (9.8%) and included conjunctival granulomas (three eyes) and symblepharon (one eye). Ocular hypertension could be due to instillation of mitomycin C. No group had significantly more complications. CONCLUSION: primary excision of pterygium with postoperative instillation of 0.04% mitomycin C had a higher rate of occurrence in this study than previously reported in Japan, in the USA and Europe.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗

PubMed1996

[Ocular refraction in Zaire].

PURPOSE: to determine frequencies of refractive errors in Zairian blacks and to investigate the influence of race upon refraction. METHODS: we examined the records of all patients seen at the department of Ophthalmology from 1963 to 1972. Refraction was measured by objective (skiascopy) or subjective methods. RESULTS: we found 4326 patients with ametropia, about 16% of the total. The records of 2594 Zairian patients with refractive errors were compared to those of 1417 non Zairian black patients and 315 Caucasian patients. The frequency of spherical refractive errors in Zairian black patients was 56%: (simple myopia: 33% myopia over 5 D: 1%, hypermetropia: 22%), astigmatism was seen in 44% (myopic astigmatism: 31% and hypermetropic astigmatism: 11%). The data of Zairian were similar to those of non-Zairian black patients. Spherical refractive errors in Caucasian patients were found in 46% of the patients (simple myopia: 19%, myopia over 5 D: 2%, hypermetropia: 25%). Astigmatismatic errors were seen in 54% (myopic astigmatism: 27%, hypermetropic astigmatism: 24%, mixed astigmatism: 3%). Hypermetropia increased with age in all groups, but slightly earlier in Zairian patients. CONCLUSION: Although the data of refractive errors did not show significant differences between Zairian and Caucasian patients, hypermetropic astigmatism seems to be less frequent and myopia more frequent among Zairian patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity test in Zaire.

The purpose of this study was to establish in this first report the age standards of the Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity in Zaïre. Contrast sensitivity using the Pelli-Robson chart was performed in 100 normal Zairian black subjects aged from 10 to 59 years and 36 patients (22 patients with open-angle glaucoma and 14 with optic nerve disease). Scores of normal subjects were age related (p < 0.05). The results of Zairian young subjects were similar to those found previously in young white subjects; scores for older subjects were lower when compared to those of whites. Scores of patients were lower than those of normals (p < 0.001). Contrast sensitivity using the Pelli-Robson chart can be useful in developing countries.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

[Palpebral measurements in healthy subjects in Zaire].

PURPOSE: It is to establish the age norms of upper eyelid in the black subjects. METHOD: Measurements of upper eyelid, eyebrow height, crease height and the palpebral fissure were performed on 174 healthy Zairian subjects, without facial abnormalities. The subjects age-ranged from 1 to 60 years. There were 73 males (mean age +/- SD, 25.8 years +/- 15.6) and 101 females (mean age +/- SD, 24.8 years +/- 13.4). No statistically significant difference was found between the two sexes for mean age. Subjects were divided into five age groups: the first age group included subjects aged from 1 to 10 years, the second age group included subjects aged from 11 to 20 years, the third age group included subjects aged from 21 to 30 years, the fourth age group included subjects aged from 31 to 40 years, the fifth age group included subjects aged from 41 to 60 years. The measurements were performed with a ruler. RESULTS: The mean eyebrow height measurements varied from 10.72 (group I) to 11.87 mm (group V) for the right eye, and from 10.76 mm (group I) to 11.74 mm (group V) for the left eye. Average pretarsal skin height ranged from 3.17 mm (group I) to 3.17 mm (group V) for the right eye and from 3.24 mm (group I) to 3.00 mm (group V) for the left eye. Average crease height measurements varied from 5.54 mm (group I) to 6.48 mm (group V) for the right eye, and from 5.57 mm (group I) to 6.78 mm (group V) for the left eye. The average palpebral fissure varied from 8.97 mm (group I) to 9.83 mm (group V) for the right eye and from 8.86 mm (group I) to 10.00 mm (group V) for the left eye. All measurements were aged related (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results of upper eyelid crease height, eyebrow height, the amount of visible pretarsal skin and the amount of the palpebral fissure showed higher values than those published recently for caucasian subjects. The data obtained in this study showed racial difference and must be taken into account in interpretations of palpebral diseases and cosmetic surgery of the eyelid.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Congenital malformations of the eyeball and its appendices in Zaire].

OBJECTIVE: to determine the epidemiology of congenital eye malformations. METHODS: the records of 1740 patients (1913 eyes) with congenital eye malformations seen from 1962 through 1992 were reviewed. RESULTS: the prevalence rate of congenital eye malformations was 2.2%. Congenital cataract (38%), atresia of the naso-lacrimal duct (10%), congenital glaucoma (9%), congenital ptosis (8%), microphthalmos (8%), albinism of iris (8%), microcornea (7%) were the most frequent eye malformations. The common types of associated malformations included albinism, microcephaly, cardiopathy and anomalies of ears. CONCLUSION: the findings of this study were similar to those published in Europe and United States.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1994

[The Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test in the Bantu population. Preliminary results].

The purpose of this work was to establish in this first report the age standards of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue in Zaire. The Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test was performed in 132 normal subjects. All subjects were Zairian blacks aged from 20 to 49 years. The test was administered binocularly, once, to each subject. Subjects were divided in three age groups. The first age group had 35 subjects aged between 20 and 29 years, the second age group had 48 subjects aged between 30 and 39 years and the third 49 subjects aged between 40-49 years. The total error scores were 7.06 +/- 2.10 for the first age group, 9.03 +/- 1.80 for the second age group and 9.80 +/- 2 for the third age group. These results were aged related (r = 0.42, p inferior to 0.05). Scores of Zairian subjects in this study were higher when compared to those reported in Europe and U.S.A. Interpretation of results of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test must take in account this difference in ethnic origin.

Adult↗