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Biomedical subjects

D Kane

Publications and source records attributed to D Kane.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Isoform-specific expression and function of neuregulin.

Neuregulin (also known as NDF, heregulin, ARIA, GGF or SMDF), induces cell growth and differentiation. Biological effects of neuregulin are mediated by members of the erbB family of tyrosine kinase receptors. Three major neuregulin isoforms are produced from the gene, which differ substantially in sequence and in overall structure. Here we use in situ hybridization with isoform-specific probes to illustrate the spatially distinct patterns of expression of the isoforms during mouse development. Ablation of the neuregulin gene in the mouse has demonstrated multiple and independent functions of this factor in development of both the nervous system and the heart. We show here that targeted mutations that affect different isoforms result in distinct phenotypes, demonstrating that isoforms can take over specific functions in vivo. Type I neuregulin is required for generation of neural crest-derived neurons in cranial ganglia and for trabeculation of the heart ventricle, whereas type III neuregulin plays an important role in the early development of Schwann cells. The complexity of neuregulin functions in development is therefore due to independent roles played by distinct isoforms.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Parvovirus B19 infection in AIDS patients.

Bone marrow of 61 HIV-1-infected patients and 23 control patients was examined to determine the incidence of B19 infection and its clinical impact in HIV-1-infected persons. Of the 61 HIV-infected patients studied, ages ranged from 22-47 years with a mean of 33.2 years. There was a man:woman ratio of 3.8:1. With regard to staging of HIV disease at the time of bone marrow sampling, 52 patients were CDC group 4, 5 patients were CDC group 3, and 4 patients were CDC group 2. Control patients, were not known to be HIV-1-infected, and had one of the following conditions: lymphoma, leukaemia, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, anaemia, multiple myeloma, raised serum IgM. Thirteen of 61 HIV-infected patients and 0 of 23 control patients were positive for B19 DNA in bone marrow (two-tailed P value = 0.016). Within the HIV-infected group, the average haemoglobin among persons testing B19 DNA positive (n = 13) was 11.1 g/dl, compared with 11.5 g/dl among persons testing B19 DNA negative (n = 48). In conclusion, B19 persistence may be common and frequently subclinical in AIDS patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of tuberculosis control policies using computer simulation.

OBJECTIVE: To develop more effective methods to assess tuberculosis (TB) control strategies so we can meet national goals for the elimination of TB in the United States. DESIGN: Using a semi-Markov model that divided the US population into 3 age groups and 18 clinical states based on disease status and risk for TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, we measured the effects of 5 changes in TB policy, introduced singly and in combination: (1) increased coverage and (2) improved efficacy of preventive therapy, (3) increased coverage and (4) improved efficacy of treatment, and (5) introduction of BCG vaccination. RESULTS: A BCG vaccination program that reached 10% of eligible children and 1% of eligible adults each year would produce a 17% reduction in cases and an 11% decline in deaths over 10 years. Preventive therapy programs among the general population would have little effect on the number of TB cases, but a program targeting HIV-infected patients would reduce HIV-associated TB cases and deaths 14% to 20%. A 10% improvement in the coverage and efficacy of both preventive therapy and treatment, coupled with the BCG vaccination program, would lead to a 47% decline in TB cases and a 50% decline in TB deaths relative to baseline over 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in treatment coverage or effectiveness alone are unlikely to reach established national goals for the elimination of TB. These goals can be achieved through a combination of improvements in current programs with targeted preventive therapy and BCG vaccination programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Renal ultrasonic findings in sulphadiazine-induced renal failure.

The increased incidence of cerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS has led to a resurgence in the use of sulphadiazine. One complication of this is acute renal failure secondary to sulphadiazine-induced crystalluria. Three cases are described which demonstrate a spectrum of ultrasound findings ranging from echogenic foci in the renal parenchyma to echogenic material in both dilated and non-dilated collecting systems. In patients with AIDS having sulphadiazine treatment, these ultrasonic findings suggest that sulphadiazine is the cause of the renal failure.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1991

A practical approach to teaching nursing research.

Nurse educators often struggle to take the mystique out of research for undergraduate students. A learning experience to implement the research process at a level appropriate for senior nursing baccalaureate students presented itself during a community clinical practicum. Students who had completed a health assessment of a seniors retiree club identified lack of membership growth as a concern. Their instructor encouraged and helped them to investigate this problem further by applying research concepts. The experience demonstrates that nursing research can be incorporated successfully in the clinical area.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Expenditures for nonspecific back injuries in the workplace.

This study reports results based on the 29,421 Tennessee Workers' Compensation claims that were closed in 1986. The study encompasses over $160 million in paid claims. Nearly 8000 cases (27%) involved back injuries, of which more than 90% were nonspecific. Forty percent of the total expenditures were for these nonspecific back injuries. Counterpart data on 8696 injuries involving extremities are included for comparison. Medical expenses account for about 40% of all payments. Data concerning time intervals between injury and return to work are provided. Separate analyses reveal characteristics of those subjects in the highest total expenditure decile, the 2941 subjects who received 57% of total dollar payments. This report provides fiscal data supporting recent appeals for a reappraisal of the clinical management of nonspecific back problems.

Back Injuries↗
PubMed1981

Effects of colchicine or cytochalasin B on pulmonary macrophage endocytosis in vivo.

Pulmonary macrophages defend lung surfaces by ingesting deposited particles. We investigated to what extent this uptake of particles can be modulated in vivo by two drugs, colchicine and cytochalasin B (CytB). 198Au colloidal gold, in isotonic saline carrier fluid, was intratracheally instilled into male Syrian golden hamsters. The uptake of these particles by pulmonary macrophages was measured when the carrier fluid contained only colloidal gold and when this test particle was combined with graded doses of either drug. We found that macrophage uptake of the particles 1 h after instillation was depressed 37% when colchicine was added to the instillate (150 micrograms/100 g BW). Depression of particle uptake was also seen with CytB at 15 micrograms/100 g BW. Experiments with tritiated colchicine and CytB showed that both drugs were rapidly cleared from the lungs early in the 1 h phagocytic period. The effect of intravenous colchicine and CytB on the clearance of intravenously injected gold colloid by the liver and spleen reticuloendothelial system was negligible. The results of these experiments, in conjunction with in vitro effects of colchicine and CytB, provide insight into the components of cell function active in particle uptake in situ.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Invest in yourself. Coping with multiple roles: mother/wife/nurse.

As we rush around attending to the essentials of our lives (family, friends, clients, employers), what is left? Nursing Forum invites readers to engage in thoughts and activities that may awaken an untouched place. We hope these writings will kindle your personal involvement in something that was previously avoided--because of bias, fear, or uneasiness--in order to stretch your mind and spirit.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing and the "F" word.

This article uses a set of strategies designed by Abigail Stewart to guide the generation of knowledge about women and gender to revisit the relationship between nursing and feminism. It is important that nurses be aware of the valuable feminist contributions made by their predecessors in order to uncover the hidden links that exist between nursing and feminism. As long as the relationship between nursing and feminism remains invisible, the gender, problems in nursing that are systemic to a woman's occupation in a male-dominated society will continue.

Female↗