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Biomedical subjects

D Kaye

Publications and source records attributed to D Kaye.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Antibiotic concentrations in serum, serum bactericidal activity, and results of therapy of streptococcal endocarditis in rabbits.

The correlation between antibiotic concentrations in serum, serum bactericidal activity, and results of therapy was studied in rabbits with streptococcal endocarditis. Five days of procaine penicillin G reduced bacterial titers to <10 per g in 12 of 14 vegetations in rabbits receiving 75,000 U intramuscularly every 6 h and 10 of 20 in rabbits given 37,500 U. Ten days of 18,750 U every 6 h did not reduce the titers. To test for cure, rabbits were treated with 75,000 U every 6 h for 10 or 20 days and then received no therapy for 7 days. At the end of the 7-day period without therapy, vegetations were sterile in five of five and eight of eight animals, respectively. Rabbits received 37,500 U every 6 h for 5, 10, or 20 days and then no therapy for 7 days, after which vegetations were sterile in one of seven, four of nine, and seven of eight animals, respectively. The median maximal serum bactericidal dilutions at 1 h were 1/16 when 75,000 U of procaine penicillin G was administered, 1/8 to 1/16 with 37,500 U, and 1/4 to 1/8 with 18,750 U. Serum bactericidal activity could not be detected in 50% of the rabbits 6 h after administration of 37,500 U. Cure was related to a median maximal serum bactericidal dilution of at least 1/8 to 1/16 1 h after penicillin administration. A median maximal serum bactericidal dilution of 1/4 to 1/8 resulted in unsuccessful therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of methicillin, nafcillin, and oxacillin in therapy of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in rabbits.

Methicillin (M), nafcillin (N), and oxacillin (OX) (400 mg administered intramuscularly every 8 hours) were compared in the therapy of left-sided endocarditis in rabbits infected with two different strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The three antibiotics were equally effective in eliminating staphylococci from cardiac vegetations. N and OX were four to eight times as active against the staphylococci as M in broth but had equivalent activity in serum. The peak M and OX levels in serum were at least twice the peak N level, but the half-life of N in the serum (2.1 hours) was about three times that of M (0.6 hours) and twice that of OX (1.1 hours). Serum bactericidal activity tests demonstrated essentially equal activity with the three antibiotics 1 and 2 hours after injection; however, at 4 and 6 hours N had an advantage over M and OX. Therefore, despite clear differences in vitro activity, protein binding, and pharmacodynamics, M, N, and OX were equally effective in therapy of staphylcoccal endocarditis in rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

In vitro activity of josamycin and rosamicin against Bacteroides fragilis compared with clindamycin, erythromycin, and metronidazole.

The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of josamycin and rosamicin against 29 clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis were compared with those of clindamycin, erythromycin, and metronidazole by a broth dilution technique. Josamycin and rosamicin had similar inhibitory activity to metronidazole and clindamycin. Rosamicin had similar bactericidal activity to clindamycin but was less bactericidal than metronidazole (the most bactericidal agent tested). Josamycin was slightly more bactericidal than erythromycin (the least bactericidal agent tested), but less so than rosamicin and clindamycin.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1976

Antibiotic synergism in enterococcal endocarditis.

The recognition of enterococci highly resistant to streptomycin (S) raises questions concerning the choice of aminoglycoside in treatment of enterococcal endocarditis. Left-sided endocarditis was induced in rabbits with an S-sensitive enterococcus, strain 1 (inhibited by 125 mug per milliliter S), and an S-resistant enterococcus, strain 2 (resistant to 7,500 mug per milliliter S). Treatment was initiated 6 hours, 24 hours, or 3 days after infection with procaine penicillin (P) alone, P plus S, P plus gentamicin (G), or P plus sisomicin (Si). In rabbits infected with strain 1 for 6 hours before treatment, most vegetations were sterile after 3 days therapy with each combination but not with P alone which had mean log10 colony forming units per gram of vegetation (log CFU) of 2.5. With strain 2 the log CFU were lower (1.9 to 2.6) with each combination than with P (4.0). In rabbits infected with strain 1 for 24 hours and then given 9 days of therapy, the log CFU were decreased with each combination (2.0 to 2.3) as compared with P alone (4.9). With strain 2 the log CFU were lower with P plus G or Si (1.5 and 2.5) than with P alone or P plus S (4.5 AND 4.1). In rabbits infected with strain 1 for 3 days and then given 7 days of therapy, the log CFU were 4.1 to 5.5 with each combination and 6.7 with P. With strain 2 the log CFU was 4.0 with P plus G or Si as compared with 6.4 and 6.7 for P or P + S. These studies showed little difference between the 3 antibiotic combinations with the S-sensitive enterococcus or in early (6-hour) endocarditis caused by the S-resistant enterococcus. There was a large advantage of P plus G and P plus Si over P + S in more established (24 hour or 3 day) endocarditis caused by the S-resistant enterococcus.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Probable postcardiotomy syndrome following implantation of a transvenous pacemaker: report of the first case.

The syndrome of fever and pericarditis is reported following implantation of a transvenous pacemaker in a 72-year-old man. The pacemaker was placed for prophylactic reasons (i.e., presence of bifascicular block). The syndrome resolved spontaneously after over four weeks of fever and a pericardial friction rub. Perforation of the right ventricle, although not recognized in this patient, is a complication which occurs with passage of a transvenous pacemaker. There was no other antecedent events to explain the syndrome such as myocardial infarction or trauma to the chest.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Double-blind comparison of phlebitis produced by cefazolin versus cephalothin.

In a double-blind study with each patient as his own control, 1 g of cefazolin and 2 g of cephalothin were administered intravenously every 6 h to 20 patients in opposite arms for a period of 48 h each. The degree of phlebitis was significantly more severe with cephalothin than with cefazolin (P < 0.05); however, neither the incidence of phlebitis nor the time of onset of phlebitis was significantly different between the two drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Antagonism between chloramphenicol and penicillin in streptococcal endocarditis in rabbits.

Antagonism between chloramphenicol (CHL) and penicillin (PCH) was studied in rabbits with Streptococcus viridans endocarditis. PCN alone or preceded 1 hour by CHL was injected twice a day starting 6 hours or 3 days after infection. In animals treated 6 hours after infection, vegetations contained mean log colony-forming units (CFU):3.0 per gram in PCN animals and 3.7 in PCN + CHL animals (P greater than 0.05) after 24 hours of treatment and 2.4 in PCN animals and 4.3 in PCN + CHL animals (P greater than 0.01) after 48 hours. In animlas treated 3 days after infection, vegetations contained mean log CFU: 3.8 per gram in PCN animals and 5.2 in PCN + CHL animals (P greater than 0.01) after 72 hours of treatment and 1.7 in PCN animals and 2.5 in PCH + CHL animals (P greater than 0.05) after 5 days. The antibiotic antagonism demonstrated in these studies could be reduced by injecting CHL 1 hour after PCN instead of 1 hour before PCN.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Host defense mechanisms in the urinary tract.

In most episodes of urinary tract infection bacteria reach the bladder through the urethra and then may ascend to the kidneys through the ureters. Bacteria periodically enter the female urinary bladder from the urethra in small numbers. Whether infection ensues depends on the virulence and inoculum size of the microorganism and the adequacy of most defense mechanisms. Human urine is frequently inhibitory and sometimes bactericidal for the bacteria that cause urinary tract infection. Inhibition of bacterial growth coupled with voiding serves as a very effective antibacterial defense mechanism. In addition an intrinsic antibacterial defense mechanism has been demonstrated in the rat urinary bladder unrelated to urine flow. The medulla of the kidney is much more susceptible to infection than the cortex mainly related to its high osmolality. Certain abnormalities of the urinary tract interfere with host defense mechanisms and therefore predispose to urinary tract infection or make infection more difficut to eradicate once present. Some of these abnormalities are obstructive or neurological diseases of the urinary tract, vesicoureteral reflux, calculi, certain metabolic, hematologic, and vascular diseases, and pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro inhibition of growth of neisseria gonorrhoeae by genital microorganisms.

The ability of microorganisms present in titers of over 10(5)/ml in the vaginal or cervical secretions to inhibit growth of N. gonorrhoeae in vitro was tested. Study of a strain of N. gonorrhoeae against 77 microorganisms demonstrated that most strans of S. epidermidis, S. aureus and the one "Gaffkya anaerobia" interfered with the growth of the N. gonorrhoeae. A minority of strains of S. viridans, Neisseria, Candida and Bifidobacterium demonstrated interference. No strains of enterococcus, diptheroids, aerobic Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Peptococcus, anaerobic Lactobacillus or Veillonella demonstrated interference.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use and preliminary results of the Troutman surgical keratometer in cataract and corneal surgery.

The Troutman microsurgical keratometer has been shown to be useful in monitoring intraoperative procedures, and it has been demonstrated in the case of cataract and keratoplasty to have a significant influence on the control of operatively induced astigmatism. It is applicable to any surgical procedure which has the potential of altering permanently and unpredictably the corneal curvatures. Intraoperative keratometry has clearly demonstrated some inadequacies of our current cataract and keratoplasty techniques. It is now being used to guide our efforts toward a more rational control of the vexing problem of astigmatism.

Astigmatism↗