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Biomedical subjects

D Khurana

Publications and source records attributed to D Khurana.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

A case of emotional facial palsy with ipsilateral anterior inferior cerebellar artery territory infarction.

Emotional facial palsy (EFP) commonly results from anterolateral thalamic or striatocapsular infarcts. Its occurrence in brainstem lesions is uncommon, with previously reported cases being restricted to superior cerebellar artery infarction (3 cases). We report an unusual case of EFP ipsilateral to an anterior inferior cerebellar artery infarction, which opens new insights into the facial corticobulbar tract pathway.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Characterization of a spontaneously arising murine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC VII) as a prerequisite for head and neck cancer immunotherapy.

BACKGROUND: To develop novel therapeutic approaches for patients with head and neck malignancies, poorly immunogenic murine models of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) need to be defined. METHODS: The phenotype, growth characteristics, and responsiveness to tumor-specific T-cell transfer of a spontaneously arising murine SCC (SCC VII) were characterized. RESULTS: SCC VII expresses major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules yet is resistant to tumor-specific T-cell killing and relatively insensitive to killing mediated by lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Intradermal tumors are reproducibly established after vaccination of 5 x 10(4) cells, and systemic micrometastases are apparent after intravenous administration of 2.5 x 10(4) cells. Immunotherapy of 3-day lung metastases using tumor-specific T cells and systemic interleukin-2 (IL-2) was ineffective in reducing the number of metastases in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: SCC VII is a poorly immunogenic murine squamous cell cancer, which represents an ideal model for preclinical testing of immunotherapeutic approaches for patients with SCC of the upper aerodigestive tract.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Organophosphorus intoxication.

In every period of history, military leaders have wrestled between a desire to gain victory by using every possible means and a revulsion from resorting to poison. During the First World War, a European country cast aside the humanitarian tradition of its poets and philosophers and attacked its enemies with a wave of chlorine gas; the same nation, 30 years later, put to death 6 million human beings in gas chambers. But out of the industry of war gases, a few organophosphorus compounds, notably tabun and sarin, later underwent large-scale development. These compounds are nowadays used primarily as insecticides. Several early citations on organophosphate compounds place this chemical class in neurological context. However, as evidenced by events during the Gulf War of 1991 and the United Nations' arsenal inspections during that war, military interests in organophosphates are medically very pertinent today, beyond just historical allusions.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Wilson's disease--early onset and lessons from a pediatric cohort in India.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical profile at presentation and on follow up in cases of Wilson's disease presenting at this hospital. METHODS: Case records of children diagnosed as Wilson's disease (WD) admitted in the hospital or attending the Pediatric outpatient department were retrospectively studied with regard to clinical features, investigations, and family screening at the time of presentation. Note was made of the treatment received by the patients. Clinical profile on follow up was recorded with respect to side effects of treatment, and whether patient improved, deteriorated or remained the same, either from the records or by calling the patient for a follow up, if possible. RESULTS: Analysis of 25 children with Wilson's disease comprising 19 index cases and 6 siblings detected on family screening, revealed mean age of onset for the hepatic presentation was 6.8 years versus 8 years for the neurologic patient. A quarter of index cases has a family history strongly suspicious for Wilson disease which has been earlier overlooked. Clinical presentation was hepatic in 5 patients, purely neurologic in 5, mixed hepatic and neurologic in 9, hemolytic anemia in 1 and polyarthritis in 1. Patients received treatment with D penicillamine, zinc, pyridoxine and low copper diet. Follow upon 18 patients revealed improvement in majority, residual dysarthria in seven,prolonged persistence of KF rings in 15 and complications like renal tubular acidosis with osteopenia in one. CONCLUSION: The early age of onset of symptoms, prolonged KF rings persistence and progression of symptoms among sibs despite therapy is of interest as it may be related to a high copper intake, which may be due to the practice of using brass or copper utensils for cooking Since a large number of children has either a past history of jaundice or sibling deaths due to jaundice or cirrhosis, a high index of suspicion and screening for KF rings is emphasized as a simple and cost effective way of detecting a curable disease at an early stage and family screening of all index cases is imperative. Progression of symptoms among sibs on oral zinc and low dose pencillamine suggests inadequacy of zinc alone for prophylaxis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Neurologic complications of dropsy: from possibility to reality.

Epidemic dropsy, which results from the accidental ingestion of mustard oil adulterated with argemone oil, has been associated with certain neurologic symptoms. The occurrence of objective neurologic involvement has, however, precluded this illness. We report two cases, who were victims of epidemic dropsy in the recent outbreak in India and showed objective neurologic deficit in the form of brachial neuritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Reappearing CT lesions: 4 cases.

An overwhelming majority of disappearing CT lesions in India have been aetiologically linked to cysticercosis. We report 4 patients with disappearing CT lesions in whom the lesion later reappeared at the same (3 patients) or different site (1 patient). One patient was a Taenia carrier. Serial MRI evaluation in one patient revealed a persisting lesion in the interval period. The contribution of these observations towards the understanding of the aetiology of disappearing CT lesions is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Neurophysiological monitoring of pharmacological manipulation in acute organophosphate (OP) poisoning. The effects of pralidoxime, magnesium sulphate and pancuronium.

OBJECTIVES: The neuromuscular transmission failure in acute organophosphate (OP) poisoning occurs because of the irreversible inactivation of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase located in the neuromuscular junction, and is distinguished neuroelectrophysiologically by single electrical stimulus-induced repetitive responses and either a decremental or a decrement-increment response upon high-rate repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS). Understandably, the administration of pharmacological agents with actions at different sites in the neuromuscular junction would alter the neuroelectrophysiological findings in acute OP poisoning. METHODS: The effect of several pharmacological agents including pralidoxime (10 patients), magnesium sulphate (4 patients) and pancuronium (7 patients) on the neuroelectrophysiological abnormalities was studied in 21 patients with acute OP poisoning. RESULTS: Pralidoxime administration produced neurophysiological amelioration in 11 out of 15 occasions. In those cases where it produced a beneficial effect, pralidoxime administration was continued and its neuroelectrophysiological effects were studied daily. The efficacy of pralidoxime administration was demonstrated by neuroelectrophysiological testing for a maximum of 6 days after poisoning. Three types of neuroelectrophysiological responses to pralidoxime were noted: (i) lack of neuroelectrophysiological improvement (two patients); (ii) initial improvement with subsequent lack of improvement (two patients); and (iii) initial improvement with subsequent normalisation of neuromuscular transmission (5 patients). Normalisation of the electrodiagnostic tests and the failure of pralidoxime to ameliorate the neuromuscular transmission abnormalities were neuroelectrophysiological indications for the discontinuation of pralidoxime treatment. The administration of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4.7H2O, 4 g intravenous) resulted in a decrease in the CMAP amplitude, loss of the repetitive response and conversion of the decrement-increment response at high-rate RNS to an incremental response. Repetitive responses and the decremental response at high-rate RNS also disappeared after the administration of pancuronium (0.5 mg intravenous) to 6 patients. However, in one case where pancuronium administration was preceded by pralidoxime, there occurred a dramatic worsening of the neuromuscular transmission defect. CONCLUSIONS: While the administration of all 3 agents-- pralidoxime, magnesium sulphate and pancuronium-- resulted in the reversion of the neuroelectrophysiological defects, only pralidoxime is contended to be therapeutically useful. The therapeutic benefit due to its administration is limited by a short duration of action, and hence it is recommended that it should be administered for a longer period of time under neuroelectrophysiolgical guidance.

Acute Disease↗