Biomedical subjects

D Ko

Publications and source records attributed to D Ko.

42 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Determinants of mortality in status epilepticus.

Using univariate and multivariate regression analysis, we studied seizure duration, seizure type, age, etiologies, other clinical features, and mortality among 253 adults with status epilepticus (SE) admitted to the Medical College of Virginia. Cerebral vascular disease and discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were the most prominent causes of SE, each accounting for approximately 22% of all patients in the series. The other principle etiologies were alcohol withdrawal, idiopathic, anoxia, metabolic disorders, hemorrhage, infection, tumor, drug overdose, and trauma. When the patients were divided into two groups, the group with SE lasting < 1 h had a lower mortality as compared with seizure duration > or = 1 h. Low mortality rates were noted in alcohol and AED discontinuation etiologies. Anoxia and increasing age were significantly correlated with higher mortality. The mortality rates of partial and generalized SE were not significantly different. Race and sex did not affect mortality significantly. Our findings represent the first multivariate analysis of predictive indicators of mortality in SE and demonstrate that specific factors influence mortality rate in SE.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Presence of circulating CTL induced by infection with wild-type or attenuated SIV and their correlation with protection from pathogenic SHIV challenge.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CTLs in the protection from challenge with pathogenic SHIV in macaques vaccinated with attenuated virus. More specifically, we have analyzed the CTL response in cynomolgus macaques vaccinated/infected with the attenuated SIVmacC8 or the wild-type SIVmacJ5 and correlated these responses to the protection from SHIV89.6P challenge. SIVmacC8-vaccinated monkeys demonstrated a broader CTL response than the SIVmacJ5-infected animals. Nevertheless, CTL against some proteins in SIVmacC8-vaccinated monkeys became progressively more difficult to detect through the day of challenge. In regards to protection from superinfection with SHIV89.6P, neither the presence of circulating CTL nor the CTL precursor frequency against any of the tested proteins correlated with the outcome of the challenge when SIVmacJ5- and SIVmacC8-infected animals were analyzed together. By analyzing the SIVmacC8-vaccinated animals separately, only the protected animal had detectable CTL precursors with moderate frequencies against all three tested proteins at the day of challenge.

AIDS Vaccines↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Enhancement of sensitivity to hyperthermia by lonidamine in human cancer cells.

Human glioma (87MG) and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck UMSCC-1 were shown to be sensitized to hyperthermia by Lonidamine treatment before and during hyperthermia. The degree of thermal sensitization increased with increasing heating times and temperatures. In addition, the thermal sensitization by Lonidamine as well as cellular thermal sensitivity were dependent on pH and increased with the more acidic pH. Even though plateau phase cells were more thermally resistant than exponentially growing cells, Lonidamine treatment caused thermal sensitization under both conditions. These data show that Lonidamine may hold potential to enhance the effectiveness of hyperthermia in cancer treatment and that especially in tumours with low pH an enhanced therapeutic gain may be achieved.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The in vitro effects of lonidamine combined with cisplatin in human small cell lung cancer cell lines.

Two human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines were used to evaluate the in vitro response to lonidamine and cisplatin exposure. The two cell lines both showed growth inhibition when exposed to lonidamine alone at concentrations greater than 50 micrograms/ml; however, one cell line (H69) was more sensitive. When cisplatin was combined with lonidamine a synergistic interaction was observed when cells were exposed to 10 microM cisplatin for 1 hour combined with lonidamine at concentrations of 50 micrograms/ml or greater. At a concentration of 25 micrograms/ml lonidamine combined exposure with cisplatin had no effect on cell growth or viability.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of lonidamine alone and in combination with cisplatin on in vitro growth and viability of lung squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.

Two non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines were tested in vitro to evaluate the effect of lonidamine, cisplatin and combinations of these two agents using different doses and schedules. Lonidamine alone at concentrations greater than 50 micrograms/ml caused inhibition of cell growth in both monolayer and spheroid cell cultures. Cisplatin at concentrations of 10-20 microM caused a concentration dependent toxicity and inhibited growth in monolayer and spheroid cell cultures. Combination treatment of lonidamine and cisplatin caused concentration dependent effects. For 25 micrograms/ml lonidamine, there was no additive and in some cases an antagonistic effect when used with cisplatin. For higher lonidamine concentrations (75 and 100 micrograms ml), an additive effect with cisplatin (10-15 microM) was observed. This effect saturated for cisplatin concentrations of 20 microM. These data show some potential for lonidamine and cisplatin combination therapy but treatment doses and schedules will have to be identified so that the additive effect can be achieved at concentrations clinically attainable.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of dehydration on the functional activity of the interrenal gland in adenohypophysectomized Rana catesbeiana frogs. A preliminary report].

A significant increase of the content of corticosterone in the blood collected from intravenous cannula or by intracardiac punction has been detected using radioimmunoassay in non-operated and adenohypophysectomized frogs Rana catesbeiana subjected to dehydration in 6.2% mannitol solution during 24 hours. The osmolality of the blood plasma of these animals also increases although less significantly than the growth of plasma corticosterone content. There is a tendency to substantial increase of plasma arginine-vasotocin level prior to the growth of corticosterone level, already after 6 hours of dehydration. Based on the present results and literature data, it is suggested that in adenohypophysectomized frogs lacking endogenous ACTH just the increase of blood arginine-vasotocin level results in a substantial activation of corticosteroid-producing cells of the interrenal gland and in the growth of plasma content of corticosterone.

Animals↗