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Biomedical subjects

D Kohelet

Publications and source records attributed to D Kohelet.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Predictive inability of cord zinc, magnesium and copper levels on the development of benign hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn.

Cord serum concentrations of zinc, magnesium and copper were determined in 90 healthy term infants. The infants were divided by peak bilirubin values into an icteric group (peak bilirubin > 136 mumol/l) (n = 21) and a control group (peak bilirubin < or = 136 mumol/) (n = 69). Mean cord serum zinc, magnesium and copper concentrations in the icteric group did not differ from those of the control group. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between peak serum bilirubin concentrations and cord serum concentrations of these three elements. We conclude that cord serum concentrations of zinc, magnesium or copper are not useful in predicting which neonates will develop hyperbilirubinemia.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1992

Transient neonatal hypothyroxinemia and the auditory brainstem evoked response.

Ten premature infants with low serum thyroxine levels (less than 84 nmol/L) were compared with 10 biochemically euthyroid infants to determine whether hypothyroxinemia in such infants can lead to alterations in the auditory pathway. The auditory pathway was studied between 6 and 11 wk of life by analyzing brainstem evoked potentials elicited by a 10/s, 75 dB above normal adult hearing level click stimulus presented at the infant's ears. Peak latencies of components I, III, and V and interpeak latencies I-III, III-V, and I-V did not yield statistically significant differences between groups. The present study indicates that untreated neonatal hypothyroxinemia does not lead to abnormalities of auditory brainstem evoked response.

Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem↗
PubMed1992

Onset of spontaneous labor and changes in E2 and progesterone levels--possible interrelation.

Unlike the findings in animal studies, in which a decline in progesterone levels is clearly associated with the onset of labor, investigation of progesterone levels among human parturients has resulted in controversy. This study was designed to address the issue and evaluate labor-onset related changes of estradiol-progesterone (E2-P) concentration in fetal scalp serum, umbilical vein serum and in the peripheral maternal serum. Seven women in spontaneous labor, were compared to 7 women in whom labor was induced. Our results reveal a significant decrease in the maternal serum P concentration when spontaneous labor is taking place (120.6 +/- 24.5 mg/ml verus 177.3 +/- 61.4 mg/ml, p < 0.05). Significant change in the ratio of the fetal scalp to the maternal serum E2/P ratio in women at spontaneous labor versus induced labor is also shown. We could not demonstrate any changes in the E2 levels in relation to labor. We conclude that the onset of labor in human pregnancy is most probably preceded by local changes in the levels of P and ratio of P to E2. These changes may play an important regulatory role in onset of labor.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Umbilical ascorbic acid levels in fetal distress.

Umbilical arterial and venous blood samples were obtained at birth immediately after clamping the cord in 38 infants. Simultaneously, maternal arterial samples were collected. Arterial blood samples were analyzed for acid-base blood gas content and venous blood samples were analyzed for plasma ascorbic acid levels. The umbilical plasma ascorbic acid level was significantly higher when compared with maternal plasma levels (172.9 +/- 39.2 vs. 57.8 +/- 21.0 mumol/liter, p < 0.0001). Correlations between maternal ascorbic acid levels and umbilical cord levels proved to be insignificant. Umbilical ascorbic acid levels in the 2 groups of infants characterized by the presence or absence of fetal distress showed significantly higher levels in the fetal distressed group (17 infants) when compared to the non-distressed group (21 infants)--191.9 +/- 36.0 vs. 157.4 +/- 34.6 mumol/liter, p < 0.005. The use of an umbilical cord ascorbic acid cut-off point of 95.8 mumol/liter gave a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 67% as predictors for the presence or absence of fetal distress (p < 0.025). The results of the present study demonstrate a substantial increase in ascorbic acid levels in infants exposed to intrapartum fetal distress, without any clinical sign of such insult at or after birth.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Reduced platelet counts in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.

Platelet counts were studied in preterm infants with the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), excluding patients with significant perinatal and postnatal hypoxia. Counts fell to a nadir on day 4 (p less than 0.000). Exploratory analysis indicated that severity of RDS (levels of FiO2 and mean airway pressure), airleak syndrome, grade of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and low platelet count on day 1 were correlated with low platelet count on days 4 and 5. Further analysis by stepwise removal of each variable demonstrated statistically that FiO2 exerted a unique influence on the change in platelet count between day 1 and days 4/5 (p less than 0.002). It is concluded that the severity of RDS is strongly associated with the fall in platelet count in the first few postnatal days. The effect of IVH on platelet count may be secondary to the effect of the RDS.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Effect of gentamicin on the auditory brainstem evoked response in term infants: a preliminary report.

Seven essentially healthy term infants who received gentamicin starting on the 1st day of life for prolonged rupture of membranes and maternal fever were compared with nine healthy term infants to determine whether this drug induces alterations in the auditory pathway. The auditory pathway was studied on the 3rd day of life by analyzing brainstem auditory evoked potentials elicited by a click stimulus presented at the infant's ears. Latencies of components III and V, interval I-III, and interval I-V were significantly prolonged in the gentamicin group, indicating impairment of the central component of the auditory pathway. Peak and trough serum gentamicin levels all fell within the recommended therapeutic range. The study indicates that short course gentamicin therapy in healthy newborn infants can lead to abnormality of auditory function.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1990

Platelet counts in maternal and umbilical venous blood at the time of delivery.

Platelet count in 38 paired maternal venous and umbilical venous specimens were determined at delivery. Umbilical values were significantly higher than simultaneous maternal values (p = 0.004), and a significant relationship was demonstrated between umbilical values and maternal values (r = 0.54, p = 0.0004). Associations between platelet counts and acid-base variables were found to be insignificant in the mother and the umbilical cord.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

High-frequency oscillation in the rescue of infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension.

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) was used to treat 41 infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Of the 37 patients who showed early improvement on HFOV, three died. The remaining 34 patients demonstrated, within one hour of the switchover to HFOV, a rise in mean arterial/alveolar oxygen tension ratio (PaO2/PaO2) from 0.093 +/- 0.041 (SD) to 0.132 +/- 0.051 (p less than .001), and a fall in mean PaCO2 from 42 +/- 10 to 34 +/- torr 9 (p less than .01). Mean airway pressure (Paw) fell significantly (p less than .01) within 12 h. The mean duration of conventional mechanical ventilation before starting HFOV was longer in 13 patients who developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) than in 21 non-BPD patients (44.7 +/- 32.3 vs. 19.1 +/- 15.6 h, p less than .002), as was the duration of exposure to Paw greater than 15 cm H2O during that treatment mode (31.8 +/- 21.3 vs. 9.5 +/- 6.0 h, p less than .001). HFOV is often effective in the treatment of patients with PPHN, and early initiation of this type of mechanical ventilation may be associated with a reduced incidence of BPD.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1987

Reduction of platelet counts induced by mechanical ventilation in newborn infants.

The association between platelet counts and mechanical ventilation was assessed in 61 newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome, 10 infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and 10 infants with tracheoesophageal fistula. A significant decrease in platelet counts was observed during mechanical ventilation: (mean +/- SD) reduction of 39% +/- 5%, 42% +/- 5.6%, and 11.9% +/- 5.4% in the three groups, respectively, independent of other causes. In the group with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, there was a significant correlation between mean airway pressure and the reduction in platelet counts. In a subsequent series of experiments, platelet counts were recorded before and during ventilation in rabbits. A significant mean decrease of 37.3% in platelet counts was associated with ventilation with either air or pure oxygen. Results of these studies indicate that mechanical ventilation itself may cause a major decrease in platelet count in newborn infants.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preincubation with intravenous lipid emulsion reduces chemotactic motility of neutrophils in cord blood.

Neutrophils from cord blood of healthy term infants were isolated and incubated for 30 min with varying concentrations of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) solution (4, 8, 20 mg/ml). In vitro assay of chemotaxis was performed after incubation for 120 min with endotoxin-activated serum (EAS). Neutrophil random motility was unchanged after ILE incubation yet chemotactic factor (EAS)-stimulated motility was significantly reduced in a dose-related pattern.

Cell Movement↗