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Biomedical subjects

D Kohen

Publications and source records attributed to D Kohen.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Tardive dyskinesia in bipolar affective disorder: relationship to lithium therapy.

Forty patients under the age of 60 years with a DSM-III diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder were examined for the presence of tardive dyskinesia. The overall prevalence was 22.5%, with an age-related increase. Patients with and without tardive dyskinesia did not differ in terms of duration of affective illness or exposure to neuroleptics, but those patients with tardive dyskinesia had significantly more psychiatric admissions and were on lithium for significantly greater lengths of time.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Retinal pigment epithelial detachments in the elderly: classification and outcome.

Sixty-four eyes of 57 elderly patients with pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) were studied with the aim of describing their morphological features and identifying prognostic factors. They were classified into four groups according to the following characteristics: early fluorescence, late fluorescence, shallow detachment with limited fluorescence ('drusen type'), irregular fluorescence. The following conclusions were drawn: 30% developed demonstrable subretinal new vessels; all groups except the drusen type were susceptible, the irregular group being particularly prone. 10% developed retinal pigment epithelial tears, and these occurred almost exclusively in the slow fluorescent group. Flattening of PEDs was a feature of drusen type and early fluorescent groups. Most patients lost vision. RPE tears occurred within a few months of presentation with immediate loss of vision; likewise rapid loss of vision followed the development of demonstrable new vessels, though not necessarily in those with changes thought to imply the presence of new vessels. Flattening after prolonged detachment was associated with pigment epithelial atrophy and invariable loss of vision. Visual acuity was maintained consistently only in those eyes with persistent detachment.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Visual prognosis of disciform degeneration in myopia.

A retrospective study was done on a consecutive series of patients presenting to the Moorfields Eye Hospital with visual reduction secondary to angiographically proven subretinal neovascularization associated with myopia (Förster-Fuchs' spot), with a short history of visual loss, and free of other ocular disease. The visual acuity at follow-up was compared to that at presentation, and related to size and location of the neovascular complex, as well as patient age, and duration of follow-up. The results show a generally poor prognosis in that 43% of the patients lost two or more lines of vision, while 60% were less than or equal to 6/60 at last follow-up. As expected there was a direct relationship between visual acuity and the distance of the neovascular tissue from the fovea, and an inverse relationship between acuity and the size of the lesion. There seems to be a short neovascular growth phase, with early visual loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Retinal detachment following extraction of an intraocular foreign body. Effects of vitrectomy].

Intra-ocular foreign bodies have an extremely poor prognosis, retinal detachment with vitreo-retinal retraction being the main factor of treatment failure. Vitrectomy appears to be an effective method for preventing this complication. 77 patients with intra-ocular foreign bodies were studied in two separate groups: 45 patients in group I did not have preventive vitrectomy and 23 developed retinal detachments; 32 patients in group II did have preventive vitrectomy within 3 weeks following foreign body extraction, and only 6 patients developed retinal detachment. Vitreous hemorrhage and cataract were present in all cases with retinal detachment. The retinal detachment rate was significatively different between group I and II. Early vitrectomy seems to be effective in preventing retinal detachment after an intra-ocular foreign body. However, others factors still have to be studied: cataract, hemorrhage, contusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Retinal detachment recurrences. 1. Frequency and risk factors (author's transl)].

Retinal detachment recurrence is defined the reappearance of a detachment after an initial complete success, whatever the delay between surgery and recurrence. This eliminates immediate failures due to inadequate buckles or major complications during surgery, exsudative retinal detachments that reattach spontaneously within a few days and cases where it is not sure that the retina had been completely reattached initially (cloudy media). Employing these criteria, a retrospective study demonstrated 130 eyes with recurrences out of a total of 1237 eyes operated between 1-10-69 and 31-12-79 (10,5 per cent rate); recurrences occurred in this series between 3 days and 7 years after initial surgery, 53,5 per cent of them within an interval of less than 3 months. The most important recurrence risk factors appear to be: detachment due to a retinal tear and not a hole, bullous detachment, abnormal vitreous but not full blown, massive vitreo-retinal retraction and massive intraocular bleeding during subretinal fluid drainage.

Drainage↗
PubMed1982

[Retinal detachment recurrences. 2. Mechanisms and treatment (author's transl)].

Retinal detachment recurrences are almost always caused by vitreous tractions or vitreo-retinal retractions. Classical methods of prevention: as atraumatic surgery as possible, no superfluous subretinal fluid drainage, prevention of intraocular bleeding during drainage were employed in the series reported but with a 10.5 per cent recurrence rate. Prevention is based on two methods: encircling laser photocoagulation in the postoperative period when possible and if it is not dangerous for the vitreous, and preventive vitrectomy which has the following indications: bullous detachment, important pre or peroperative intraocular bleeding, or presence of clear signs of impending vitreo-retinal retraction. Using the classical therapeutic methods of indentation, the treatment a 50 per cent success rate for of recurrence was obtained. Treatment can be improved by vitrectomy in every case of recurrence, with combined internal retinal contention, preferably by silicone injection, recurrences due to massive vitreo-retinal retraction.

Female↗
PubMed1976

Electrocardiographic findings in 24 patients with myasthenia gravis.

Twenty four myasthenia gravis patients, 14 females and 10 males, aged between 5 and 65 years (average 29) were studied electrocardiographically. The abnormalities found in the ECG were: prolonged "Q-T" intervals (10 cases, 44.1%), sinus tachycardias (5 cases, 20.8%), sinus arrhythmias (5 cases, 20.8%), right bundle branch block (4 cases, 16.6%), and non-specific "T" wave changes (2 cases, 8.3%). Among our 24 patients with myasthenia gravis, in contrast to previous reports, only two had non-specific "T" wave abnormalities. But prolonged "Q-T" intervals, right bundle branch block, sinus tachycardias and sinus arrhythmias, when compared to normal population incidence, were found to be quite significant. In pathogenesis, primary myocardial histo-pathological abnormalities, and the role of extracardiac factors in producing the changes were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transitions on and off AFDC: implications for parenting and children's cognitive development.

The goal of current national and state legislation on welfare reform is to decrease the number of people who are dependent on public assistance, most of whom are mothers and their young children. Mothers' patterns of welfare receipt in the 3 years following the birth of a child were examined vis-à-vis their associations with maternal emotional distress (General Health Questionnaire), provision of learning experiences (Home Observation of the Measurement of the Environment), parenting behavior, and the child's cognitive test score (Stanford-Binet) in the third year of life. The data set was the Infant Health and Development Program, an eight-site randomized clinical trial designed to test the efficacy of educational and family support services in reducing developmental delays in low-birthweight, preterm infants (N = 833). Strong negative associations were found between receiving welfare and parenting behavior and child outcomes at age 3 years. Outcomes varied depending on when the mother received public assistance (earlier or later in her child's first 3 years) and family poverty status on leaving welfare. The parenting behavior of mothers who had left welfare by their child's third birthday was more likely to be authoritarian if she had left public assistance without also leaving poverty. Implications of these findings for the well-being of children in low-income families are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare, idiosyncratic condition related to neuroleptic use which may develop at any stage during neuroleptic treatment and can prove fatal. Although most commonly seen in psychiatric patients, anyone prescribed a neuroleptic is at risk and it has been associated with other agents. This article discusses its recognition, risk factors, clinical course and treatment, together with a summary of current thinking on its aetiology.

Antipsychotic Agents↗