Biomedical subjects

D Kone

Publications and source records attributed to D Kone.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Solid-liquid separation of faecal sludge using drying beds in Ghana: implications for nutrient recycling in urban agriculture.

This study investigated the possibility of recycling nutrients in human excreta and municipal solid waste for use in agriculture. It reports on the use of drying beds in separating solid and liquid fractions of faecal sludge (FS) so that the solids can be co-composted and the organic matter and part of the nutrients captured for urban agriculture. Sludge influent onto drying beds, percolate effluent, and dewatered sludge (biosolids) were monitored over eight loading cycles in 2002. The unplanted drying beds were made of 15 cm of sand (0.2-0.6mm diameter) and 25 cm gravel (10 and 19 mm diameter). The loading rate of sludge ranged from 196 to 321 kg total solids (TS) /m(2)y. Biosolids with TS 20% were obtained after an average drying time of 2 weeks. The drying beds retained 80% of solids and 100% of helminth eggs. The biosolids had average organic matter content of 61%; hence, allowing for co-composting with biodegradable organic solid waste for hygienisation. The process is being investigated further to attain higher efficiency and reliability.

Agriculture↗

PubMed2005

[Subgingival irrigation combined with scaling and root planing. Results of a study with chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite].

Scaling and root planning is more and more associated with subgingival irrigation in chronics periodontal treatment. It is unreasonable to expect to control periodontal infections by mechanical treatment alone. Most patients do not achieve the necessary level of manual dexterity or motivation to control their plaque at home. It is rather better to deliver antimicrobial agents directly into the periodontal pocket. The aim of this study is to evaluate the action of subgingival irrigation associated to periodontal scaling on the clinical parameters and to compare the effects of chlorhexidine (Eludril) and sodium hypochlorite (Dakin Cooper) on adult's chronics periodontitis treatment. At the level of Plaque Index, Gingival Index and Bleeding on Probing, the results show that Eludril irrigation associated to scaling is lightly efficacious than Dakin cooper irrigation associated to scaling. And, the last one also is lightly efficacious than scaling alone. However, at the level of pocket depth, scaling alone has been also effective than scaling associated with subgingival irrigation.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Comparative study of 2 antibiotic combinations in the treatment of rapidly progressing periodontitis].

To get rid efficiently of anaerobics bacteria, which constituted the flora associated to periodontitis, the periodontal therapy is now moving towards 2 or 3 antibiotics association. The aim of this study is to make a comparison between the efficacy of the association of amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid and that of amoxicillin plus metronidazole into 20 patients suffering from rapidly progressive periodontitis. The results have shown that both forms of antibiotics association are efficacious in rapidly progressive periodontitis treatment, with the same action on clinical parameters.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

[The place of chemical products in oral hygiene for the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease].

The mechanical elimination of the bacteria plaque is the basis of the prevention and the treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis. Chemicals products used in the control of supra and subgingival plaque show a great importance because of individual and professional difficulties which constitute an impediment to the effective elimination of the bacteria plaque. However, by this time, there's no miracle product for oral hygiene capable at long term to take over from the tooth-brush and paste. The use at long term of chemicals in the bacteria plaque control can't be recommended because of their following effects and their slight effectivity-cost ratio. Nevertheless, oral hygiene chemicals combined with mechanical treatment provide very good results. Particularly, when used in the form of subgingival irrigation or slow liberation materials set in the periodontal pocket.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMed2003

[Oral hygiene habits and the state of periodontal health among a population of 1228 students in Abidjan].

The purpose of our study was to determine the customs of oral hygiene and the health periodontal of a population of pupils in Abidjan. We led a transverse inquiry on a sample of 1228 pupils. Our results showed that the pupils had bad habits of bucco-dental hygiene which is translated by a bad periodontal health. More than 80% of them presents deposits of tartar and 9.6% of the population have periodontal pockets.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Pregnancy and periodontal health. Study of 133 pregnant women].

The pregnancy is a modified physiological state having consequences on the buccal sphere generally and on the periodontal tissues in particular. We proceeded to the periodontal exam of 133 pregnant women; in spite of a relatively acceptable hygiene, 73.7% of them present periodontal changes. These changes concern especially the superficial periodontal. We did not observe the presence of deep pockets periodontal. It emerges of our study that neither the period of pregnancy, nor the parity have influence in the importance of the periodontal hurts.

Dental Calculus↗

PubMed2002

[Efficacy of scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontal pockets].

Our study, who's aim was to evaluate the efficacy of scaling in pocket's treatment, has been realised on 78 sites, selected on 12 patients who presented a periodontitis. The results shown an improvement of the gingival status and a decrease of pocket's depth on 84.61% of treated sites; this results indicate that scaling and root planning procedure, well realised, is an efficient and useful method in periodontal treatments.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[In vitro study of chlorhexidine resistance in subgingival bacteria].

Chlorhexidine is an antibacterial agent of the bisguanide family. It's the most effectual molecule of all antiseptics for oral use. Because of its so frequent use, we have elaborated a protocol in order to estimate the resistance of the sub-gingival flora bacteria to its actions. We have determined the minimal inhibitory concentration of the different observed bacteria species and, have from that stage, progressively increased the concentration at a rate of 5 micrograms/ml. The obtained results show that the bacteria can undergo structural and/or biochemical alterations to adapt to more significant concentrations.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMed2002

[An in vitro study of the action of kola nitida on bacterial strains implicated in dental caries and periodontal diseases].

The Nitida Kola is a substance extracted from the kolanut. In West Africa its use by chewing is widespread among the Manding people. It's said to have tonic, stimulant and aphrodisiac characteristics and even recent studies have shown that it has antibacterial characteristics. The aim of this study is to make an estimation of the Nitida Kola's effects on different bacterial species involved in the two main oral and dental pathologies (teeth decays and periodontal illnesses). The obtained results indicate that the kola extract is not effectual against the tried-out bacteria at regular dose used by chewing.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗

PubMed2002

[Periodontal diseases in a university setting in Ivory Coast].

The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases, and also to evaluate periodontal treatment needs of the students of Abidjan University, in Ivory Coast. 647 students were randomly selected and interviewed to determine age, sex and oral hygiene habits; the subjects were examined for tooth mobility, plaque, calculus, gingival bleeding, periodontal probing depths and gingival recessions. The oral hygiene was insufficient: 86.08% of the subjects presented calculus--The average of sextants presenting gingival bleeding was to 4.03 and to 3.43 for calculus. The prevalence and severity of periodontal pockets were low: only 0.36 sextants on average presented pockets of 4-5 mm and 0.025 sextants presented pockets of 6 mm or more. As concerns periodontal treatment needs, 89.64% of subjects needed oral hygiene advises, 84.85% needed scaling/root planning, and 1.39% needed complex periodontal treatment. Our findings confirm the fact that destructive periodontal disease is not an inevitable consequence of gingivitis. The information, screen, and prevention should begin reality in our daily practice.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Assessing a computerized routine health information system in Mali using LQAS.

BACKGROUND: Between 1987 and 1998 Save the Children conducted a child survival programme in Mali with the goal of reducing maternal and child morbidity and mortality. An integral part of this programme was a computerized demographic surveillance and health information system (HIS) that gathered data on individuals on an on-going basis. OBJECTIVE: To assess the overall coverage and quality of the data in the HIS, to identify specific health districts that needed improvements in data collection methods, and to determine particular areas of weakness in data collection. METHODS: Random samples of 20 mothers with children <5 years were selected in each of 14 health districts. Mothers were interviewed about pregnancies, live births, deaths of children <5, and children's growth monitoring and immunization status. The Lot Quality Assurance Method (LQAS) was used to identify districts in which records and interview results did not meet predetermined levels of acceptability. Data collected in the interviews were combined to estimate overall coverage and quality. RESULTS: When all variables were analyzed, all 14 lots were rejected, and it was estimated that 52% of all events occurring in the community were registered in ProMIS. Much of this poor performance was due to immunization and growth monitoring data, which were not updated due to printer problems. Coverage of events increased (92%) when immunizations and growth monitoring were excluded, and no lots were rejected. When all variables were analyzed for quality of data recorded, six lots were rejected and the overall estimation was 83%. With immunizations and growth monitoring excluded, overall quality was 86% and no lots were rejected. CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive computerized HIS did not meet expectations. This may be due, in part, to the ambitious objective of complete and intensive monitoring of a large population without adequate staff and equipment. Future efforts should consider employing a more targeted and streamlined HIS so that data can be more complete and useful.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

[The prevalence of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease in black Africa. The impact of socioeconomic factors and cultural customs].

The lack of reliable and recent information about the oral and dental health conditions of many African countries is a serious object of concern. There is an urgent need of up-to-date information about the oral and dental diseases existing among the various African populations and about their deciding factors. This study takes stock of the periodontal diseases in black Africa and mention the influence of the socio-economic advancing and the cultural habits.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[A comparative study of various evaluation methods of the antibiotic sensitivity of strict anaerobic bacteria of the subgingival flora].

The study on the sensitiveness of slow-growing anaerobes bacteria to antibiotics is delicate when you consider the technical motives that make it difficult to transpose the standard methods frequently used in microbiological laboratories. The three main methods used to determine susceptibility to antibiotics are: disk-diffusion test, antibiotics containing microdilution plates and ATB ANA (bioMérieux). The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of each of these methods on severe anaerobes bacteria isolated in sub-gingival flora of patients suffering from developing periodontitis (rapidly progressive periodontitis, refractory periodontitis, active stage of adult chronic periodontitis). The observed bacteria are: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Peptostreptococcus micros. Antibiotics used are: ampicilline, amoxicilline, tetracycline, erythromycine, metronidazole. The comparison of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (M.I.C) of each of these methods has permitted to show a strict correlation in the results observed with these three methods, if only the growth of the severe anaerobes bacteria on agar medium does not exceed 72 hours.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

[Orodental diseases and school absences. Evaluation of a school population of 278 students. Preliminary study].

In the framework of an important evaluation survey on absences at work position due to bucco-dental problems, a preliminary study in undertaken in school environment on a sample of 278 children attending examination classes from Abidjan three districts (Adjamé, Williamsville, Cocody). Results show that: 34.89% among children have been absent at least one time of which 19.78% for pulp pain, 22.66% of the sample have got a rest and for 14.02% among them, the rest was at least a day. These absences results in a waste in annual hourly volume from 2.69% to 8.08% of the annual hourly quota in terms of dispensed Cowes's in Ivory Coast primary schools. The results show that bucco-dental pathologies and their corresponding i.e. school absences have a repercussion on pupils attendance regularity at school and with no doubt on schools results. They indicate the necessity to put an emphasise on the prevention and the early treatments of these affections.

Abscess↗

PubMed1995

Composition and antimalarial activity in vitro of volatile components of Lippia multiflora.

The essential oil of Lippia multiflora was prepared by hydrodistillation of leaves and stalks and characterized by GC and mass spectroscopy. The oil was tested for antimalarial activity on in vitro cultures of Plasmodium falciparum (FcB1-Columbia chloroquine-resistant strain and F32-Tanzania chloroquine-sensitive strain). The dilutions inhibiting the in vitro growth of the parasite by 50% 24 and 72 hr after administration of the essential oil to the parasite culture were 1/12,000 and 1/21,000, respectively. When tested on a highly synchronized culture, the essential oil inhibited growth mostly at the trophozoite-schizont step, indicating a potential effect on the first nuclear division of the parasite.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Is it permissible to operate on an asymptomatic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta after the age of 80?].

Whether or not to operate an asymptomatic aneurysm of the aorta in a patient over 80 years of age is a question increasingly facing the surgeon: longer life span (about 7 years), aneurysm discovered on a sonogram or scan ordered for digestive, urologic or pelvic disorders. This discussion is based on a personal retrospective series of 800 patients who underwent elective operation for non-ruptured aneurysms of the subrenal abdominal aorta between January 1985 and June 1990. For the 732 patients under 80, mortality was 1.9% and for the 68 patients over 80, it was 8.8%, emphasising that in this group survival at 6 months was reduced by 10%. The operative risk, as for younger subjects, results from coronary risk (reversible ischaemia), the quality of the heart muscle (ejection fraction < 35%), respiratory and renal function. Increased age raises mortality when one of these factors is severely jeopardized but associated lesions, such as digestive disorders or arterial lesions (severe occlusion of the downstream vessels, occlusion of the mesenteric and hypogastric arteries increases the risk of acute ischaemia of a limb or the intestine), should also be taken into consideration. Indications for operation should be discussed in light of these factors in patients at risk (large aneurysm > 60 mm or increasing in size, "images" suggesting risk of rupture: bleb or bubble ectasia, flotting mural thrombus, "digitiform" lysis of a mural thrombus, rupture of the calcified shell or covered rupture). When there is a high risk of lesion and the operative risk prohibits conventional surgery, other procedures can be discussed: axillo-bifemoral bypass with exclusion of the iliac and secondary embolization or subrenal exclusion, substitution with an endoaortic prosthesis allowing wider indications.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

[Cartography of fluoride in the Ivory Coast (partial study)].

The authors report on a study done in the Côte d'Ivoire, about the amount of fluoride in drinking water. The cartography of fluoride shows amounts lower than 0.7 ppm. This small amount of fluoride partially explains the increase in the number of dental caries in the Côte d'Ivoire.

Cote d'Ivoire↗

PubMed1981

[Therapeutic field trial with praziquantel in a rural population in Mali infected with Schistosoma mansoni (author's transl)].

89 people from 6 to 60 years old living in two villages in the valley of the Oyako near Bamako (Mali) infected with S. mansoni, were treated with a single dose of 40 mg/kg bwt. 2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino [2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one (praziquantel, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide). Side effects were recorded, a clinical and parasitological examination was effected 5 months later. If the results on efficacy can be confirmed, considering the ease of administration and the good acceptance by the patients praziquantel will be recommended for mass campaigns in Mali, where S. mansoni and especially S. haematobium are rapidly spreading following improvement of the water supply.

Adolescent↗