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Biomedical subjects

D Koutsikos

Publications and source records attributed to D Koutsikos.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Alterations in echinocyte transformation and erythrocyte sedimentation rate during hemodialysis.

In 18 uremic patients under regular hemodialysis (HD) with bicarbonate dialysate, the echinocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) were determined in 4 blood samples collected from the arterial line at 0, 45, 120, and 240 min (end-HD) in one HD session by a bioincompatible dialyzer and in another by a biocompatible one. In the HD session by a bioincompatible dialyzer, the mean values (+/- SEM) of echinocytes (%) at 0, 45, 120, and 240 min were 8.89 +/- 1.15, 20.77 +/- 2.35, 7.39 +/- 1.1, 5.27 +/- 0.66 and of ESR (mm/h) were 65.00 +/- 6.26, 47.05 +/- 3.89, 66.72 +/- 6.00, 68.44 +/- 5.92, respectively. According to these findings, echinocytes show a transient significant increase at 45 min HD in comparison to those at 0 (p < 0.001), 120 (p < 0.001), and 240 (p < 0.001) min while ESR shows a transient significant decrease at 45 min HD compared with the rates at 0 (p < 0.05), 120 (p < 0.05) and 240 (p < 0.01) min. In the HD sessions with the biocompatible dialyzer, the mean values (+/- SEM) of echinocytes at the aforementioned 4 time points were 8.55 +/- 1.10, 17.05 +/- 2.40, 17.05 +/- 1.19, and 5.11 +/- 0.75%, and the ESR values were 60.89 +/- 6.08, 44.33 +/- 4.18, 62.94 +/- 6.55, and 65.61 +/- 6.13 mm/h, respectively. These values also show a transient significant increase of echinocytes at 45 min HD in comparison with those at 0 (p < 0.01), 120 (p < 0.01), and 240 (p < 0.001) min, with a parallel transient decrease of ESR at 45 min HD as compared to the ones at 0 (p < 0.05), 120 (p < 0.05), and 240 (p < 0.05) min. Although the echinocytosis at 45 min HD was more prominent in HD by the bioincompatible than by the biocompatible dialyzer, the comparison between these values indicates no significant difference in the echinocytes or the ESR. In conclusion, uremic patients receiving HD exhibit echinocytes, the percentage of which shows a transient increase at 45 min HD that returns to about baseline at 120 min HD. In parallel with the changes in echinocytes, the ESR shows an inverse change at 45 min HD which returns to baseline at 120 min HD.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Echinocytic transformation and aggregation of red cells in uremic patients.

Isolated rabbit lungs were perfused with washed and resuspended human red blood cells (RBCs) in the presence of drugs known to change the shape and deformability of RBCs. With sodium salicylate (0.5-2 g/l), which causes echinocytosis and increases RBC deformability, lung diffusing capacity for O2 (DLO2) increased by 21%. When chlorpromazine, which induces stomatocytosis and stiffens RBCs, was given (50 mg/l), DLO2 decreased by 18% under chlorpromazine. Comparative experiments with hemoglobin solutions did not reveal any effect of those two drugs either on DLO2 or on pulmonary arterial pressure, which indicates that the effects of sodium salicylate and chlorpromazine were due to changes in RBC shape and deformability. It is concluded that RBC shape and deformability affect pulmonary artery pressure and oxygen diffusing capacity, which may have an influence on oxygen transfer to tissue and hence be of clinical relevance.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in uremic males using dynamic tests. The possible role of testicular inhibin: a preliminary report.

Two dynamic tests (Gn-RH i.v. and clomiphene citrate-CC p.o.) were used to evaluate the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in hemodialysis patients and renal transplant recipients (recipients). In the Gn-RH test the gonadotropin secretion was maximally decelerated in hemodialysis patients while it was normal in recipients. During the CC test a decrease of gonadotropin secretion, chronically and quantitatively identical for both group, was found; while on the following test days an increase was noted, which was more accelerated in male recipients. In cases with uremia a strong negative feedback dominates at the pituitary level probably owing to testicular inhibin. The estrogenic feedback in uremia was intact, while the antiestrogenic feedback at the level of hypothalamus is partly impaired, owing to altered opioid metabolism.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

Oral glucose tolerance test after high-dose i.v. biotin administration in normoglucemic hemodialysis patients.

Abnormal glucose metabolism in uremia may result from a complex interplay between decreased insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Recent studies report beneficial effect of biotin administration in glucose metabolism in diabetic animals and in a small number of patients with diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the response of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to the i.v. administration of large doses of biotin in hemodialysis patients. Eleven hemodialysis patients aged 56.90 +/- 11.20 (32-76) years on regular hemodialysis thrice a week for 2.72 +/- 1.79 (1-7) years were studied. Fasting venous plasma glucose, glucosylated hemoglobin (%GH), and plasma glucose concentration 2 h after the administration of a 75-g glucose load were measured before, and 2 weeks and 2 months after administration of 50 mg of biotin i.v. postdialysis, and after a 2-month washout period. During the study, dialysis schedule and patients' medication, diet, and dry weight were kept unchanged. OGTT was abnormal in 4 patients before biotin administration and became normal in 3 patients (75%). Our results offer support to the findings of other studies about the beneficial effect of biotin in experimental or clinical diabetes mellitus, and argue for the involvement of biotin in glucose metabolism.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

A cross-over study of a new low molecular weight heparin (Logiparin) in hemodialysis.

The safety and effectiveness of a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) of 4500 +/- 1500 Daltons were evaluated in eight hemodialysis (HD) patients, in comparison with unfractionated heparin (UFH). In phase A of the study 3000 +/- 500 anti-factor Xa (AFXa) IU of LMWH were administered in bolus for the three consecutive HD sessions of a week. In phase B, 10000 +/- 2500 IU of UFH were administered to the same patients for the same time. Were observed no significant differences in hematocrit (Ht), platelets (Pt), fibronogen (FG) and prothrombin time (PT). Whole blood activated coagulation time (WBACT) was more prolonged with LMWH, 24 and 48 hours (start of next session) after administration (p < 0.05), and less prolonged at 5, 60, 120, 180, 240 min compared to UFH (p < 0.001). The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and AFXa activity were more prolonged with UFH at 60 and 240 min (p < 0.001). The clinical effectiveness of the two preparations was similar as judged by thrombus formation and compression time. In conclusion, the present study found no real differences between LMWH and UFH, except for prolongation of WBACT 24 and 48 hours after the administration of LWMH. This probably indicates a cumulative effect of the LMWH and needs further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Lipid-lowering effect and safety of acipimox in hemodialysis patients and renal transplant recipients.

The efficacy and safety of acipimox, an antilipolytic agent, were studied in 10 uremic patients under hemodialysis (group A) and in 8 renal transplant recipients with adequate renal function (group B). The medication was given for 20 weeks at a dose of 250 mg daily in both groups. Total serum cholesterol decreased significantly from 218.1 +/- 17.4 to 175.2 +/- 15.2 mg/dL (-19.7%) in group A and from 261.2 +/- 16.5 to 215.3 +/- 26.9 mg/dL (-17.6%) in group B; as did serum triglycerides, from 206.7 +/- 26.9 to 146.9 +/- 17.6 mg/dL (-29%) in group A and from 168.2 +/- 20.6 to 111.3 +/- 12.4 mg/dL (-33.8%) in group B. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol were also decreased significantly (LDL-C by -27% and -25%, and VLDL-C by -29.2% and -33.8% in groups A and B, respectively). Furthermore, the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol was increased significantly, by +29.6% in group A and +18% in group B. The apolipoproteins Apo-A1 and Apo-A2 were decreased in Group A but not in group B. The Apo-B was decreased in group B. Serum CPK (total and muscle fraction), total bilirubin, SGPT, SGOT, alkaline phosphatase, gamma GT, LDL, a-Fp, and creatinine remained unchanged in both groups. Acipimox seems to be effective in the regulation of atherogenic lipid disorders in hemodialysis patients and renal transplant recipients, without any muscular damage or alteration of kidney and liver function.

Female↗