Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D Kramer.
A course on interpersonal skills (IPS) has been introduced as part of the clerkship in internal medicine. The course is given in small groups (8-10 students) with two tutors attached to each group. The use of trigger films in the IPS course has been described previously (Alroy & Ber, 1982). An evaluation of the short-term (2-month) effects of the method is now reported.
A 68-year-old black woman tolerated partial colectomy for resection of a carcinoma with minimal postoperative discomfort and without the need of any analgesia. She attributed her positive experience to the presence of protective angels. Psychologic interviews and testing revealed her to be fully in touch with reality. Her experience, as well as those of similar patients reported in the medical literature, has biological, sociocultural, and psychological components. The role of religious belief in the pain experience has received scant attention, but it constitutes a challenging area for future research.
It has been suggested that when responding to a client's statement which contains two sequentially distinguishable messages, a counselor will tend to focus on the latter message, i.e., there is a recency effect. The present study investigated this contention empirically. Twenty-six experienced telephone counselors each responded to 12 client statements, all of which contained two distinct messages. The responses were classified according to their focus, and chi-square tests were performed on these frequencies for each statement. The results provided no support for the recency hypothesis, but rather showed that the Ss tended to make responses that were either nonspecific or included both messages. It also appeared that the Ss responded to the content rather than the positioning of the messages.
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ATPase activity in xylem parenchyma cells of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) roots was demonstrated cytochemically with a lead precipitation reaction. The methodical parameters of this cytochemical test were optimized for distinction between ATPase-specific and nonspecific precipitates. Optimum conditions were prefixation in 1% glutaraldehyde for 1 hour and incubation for 2 hours in a medium containing 2 mm each of ATP, Ca(2+), and Pb(2+) at pH 7 and 25 C. Problems of cytochemical localizations are discussed.ATPase activity occurred mainly at the plasmalemma, the endoplasmic reticulum nuclear envelope, and outer mitochondrial membranes of xylem parenchyma cells. The tonoplast of these cells showed only little ATPase activity. High K(+) concentrations stimulated ATPase activity, particularly at the plasmalemma. Diethylstilbestrol prevented the formation of ATPase-specific precipitates. The cytochemical demonstration of a K(+)-stimulated ATPase at the plasmalemma of xylem parenchyma cells is discussed in relation to the possible role of this membrane in ion transport to the vessels.
Serial radiographs of 101 total hip arthroplasties were reviewed to evaluate the clinical significance of lucent zones at the femoral metal-cement interface. Such lucent zones were identified in 19 hip prostheses, but only in four was there clinical evidence of infection loosening of the prosthesis. The remaining 14 patients (15 prostheses) were followed for periods ranging from 18 months to 5 years; none had complications despite the development of these lucent zones. Microdensitometry confirmed the existence of a true lucent zone in most cases, but in several the apparent lucency was due to the Mach effect. While progressive widening of the lucent zone or a lucency measuring greater than 2 mm in width should prompt careful clinical evaluation for evidence of infection or loosening, our data indicate that such complications need not necessarily be present.
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We report psychometric results of the Behavioural Activity Rating Scale (BARS) using data from three Phase III clinical trials of intramuscular ziprasidone in acutely agitated patients with psychosis (Studies 1 and 2) or in stable psychotic patients (Study 3). Convergent validity and divergent validity were assessed with baseline data from Studies 1 and 2 in subjects with acute agitation. To investigate convergent validity, we sought Pearson and Spearman correlation of BARS scores with scores on the Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S) Scale and a predefined cluster of agitation-related items from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). For divergent validity, we sought Pearson and Spearman correlation between BARS scores and a predefined cluster of PANSS items measuring negative symptoms. Discriminant validity was investigated with the help of subjects with moderate psychopathology (Study 3). Wilcoxon rank-sum and two-sample t tests determined whether mean (or median) BARS scores differed between subjects with acute agitation (Studies 1 and 2) and moderate psychopathology (Study 3). Responsiveness to treatment effect and rater reliability were also evaluated. In Study 2, Pearson correlation coefficients of BARS scores with PANSS agitation items and CGI-S were moderate (convergent validity) and statistically significant (P<0.005). The correlation between BARS scores and PANSS negative component scores was low (divergent validity). Treatment effect size was larger for BARS than for PANSS agitation items and CGI-S (responsive to treatment differences). Virtually perfect inter- and intra-rater reliability was achieved. Study 1 produced similar results. BARS showed psychometrically valid properties for measurement of behavioral activity in acutely agitated patients with psychosis.
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