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Biomedical subjects

D L Brooks

Publications and source records attributed to D L Brooks.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Immunoglobulin E antibodies to pollens augmented in dogs by virus vaccines.

An inbred "atopic dog colony" was established to study the effect of viruses on immunoregulation of immunoglobulin (Ig) E antibodies. Dogs were selected for high skin reactivity to grass and weed pollens. Their offspring were inoculated with pollen extracts in alum immediately after routine vaccinations (attenuated live-virus vaccines for canine distemper and infectious canine hepatitis, and a killed bacterin for Leptospira). Heat labile antipollen IgE antibodies were measured by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Pups vaccinated for canine distemper before being given pollen extracts had many more IgE antibodies than did their control littermates who were not vaccinated until after the last pollen extract injection. This may be a natural example of the "allergic break-through phenomenon."

Adenoviruses, Canine↗
PubMed1983

Caprine mycoplasmosis: widespread infection in goats with Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides (large-colony type).

A mycoplasma survey of goats with a history of mastitis, polyarthritis, and pneumonia revealed a high incidence of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides (large-colony type). During the early winter kidding season of 1979-1980, kid morbidity in a large commercial dairy herd, evidenced by hyperthermia, polyarthritis, and pneumonia, exceeded 90%. In excess of 200 kids died. Colostral cultures of the parent does yielded 157 isolations from 605 goats (26%). Additional isolations were made from goats with polyarthritis, peritonitis, CNS disorders, and pneumonia; these animals represented 6 California counties and the states of Arizona and Idaho. Identification was accomplished by growth inhibition and immunofluorescent studies. Titers in the colostrum, although variable, were as high as 1 x 10(10) viable organisms/ml and remained virtually undiminished after storage at 5 C for periods of greater than or equal to 4 weeks. The experimental inoculation of the organism into normal goats 1 week to 2 years of age resulted in the death of most animals between the 4th and 14th day after inoculation, whether the organism was administered intraperitoneally, IM, into the teat canal, or orally to young animals. The primary lesions were a fibrinopurulent polyarthritis, fibrinous pleuritis, and pneumonia. It appears that goats can acquire the infection through ingestion, and the organism seems to be widespread in the United States.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A rapid method for devocalizing goats.

Goats were devocalized electrosurgically through the oral cavity. Special methods were necessary due to the small size of the caprine vocal folds and their distance from the commissures of the mouth. The vocal folds were difficult to visualize and beyond the reach of the instruments usually used for ventriculochordectomy in dogs. The use of a specially designed ovine laryngoscope blade and a 38-cm electrode made it possible to devocalize goats under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia quickly and noninvasively. No tissue was removed. The electrode was placed over the vocal folds, and the current was applied briefly. Animals so treated have not been observed to recover their voices after 4 to 18 months of observation postsurgically.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Student selection in dietetic internship programs.

Recent events mandate that internship faculties review their selection criteria and processes carefully. These events include legal decisions and the implementation of federal regulations, as well as the dietetic traineeship "phase-out" and ADA's decision to rescind application restrictions. This study profiles the 1978 selection criteria and processes used by 47 of the 68 accredited dietetic internship programs. The most common criteria included (in decreasing order of importance): academic records, letters of recommendation, applicant essays, and demographic/biographic data. Standardized tests and applicant interviews were used infrequently. The reliability and validity of certain selection criteria, e.g., letters of recommendation, are questioned. Recommendation for increasing the predictive quality of the letters and other selection tools are included. Criteria of questionable legality should be reviewed and clarified or eliminated from selection processes. Finally, internship directors are encouraged to evaluate their selection processes to assure objectivity and sensitivity. The authors found that the selection criteria used by internship programs corresponded to those used by most academic and allied health professions to predict success in the programs. Although intended for internship faculties, the recommendations may be useful to coordinated undergraduate dietetics programs as they define their selection criteria.

Dietetics↗
PubMed1981

Caprine mycoplasmosis: immune response in goats to Mycoplasma putrefaciens after intramammary inoculation.

The primary inoculation of various doses of Mycoplasma putrefaciens into the udders of goats was followed by acute agalactia in the inoculated udder half, without involvement of the noninoculated half. Milk production either stopped or was severely curtailed in the affected half. Significant resistance to challenge exposure was demonstrable for periods up to 1 year in previously infected udders. Subsequent challenge exposures resulted in a benign pattern of disease that lasted a short period, with few organisms appearing in the milk secretions and no effect on milk yield.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Alleviation of constipation in the elderly by dietary fiber supplementation.

To alleviate the constipation problem among the elderly residents of Essex County Geriatric Center, New Jersey, a fiber-supplemented dietary regimen was started. Under this regimen, bran was added to the hot breakfast cereal, thus increasing the crude fiber content of the diet to 6-8 gm compared with the former 4-6 gm. As estimated from recent analysis data, the total dietary fiber was increased from 25 to 40 percent by the addition of bran. This amount of fiber proved effective in preventing constipation in 60 percent of the residents even though many of them had previously required laxatives. Additional programs of dietary fiber supplementation were devised for residents who did not respond to the cereal supplementation or who required nasogastric feedings. In the year following initiation of the program at this Center, the use of laxatives was virtually eliminated, and the institution's pharmacy reported a saving of $44,000 in expenditures for laxative drugs. Recipes are included for the bran-supplemented hot cereal, a special fiber-prune juice supplement, and a fiber-rich liquid for tube-feedings.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Caprine mycoplasmosis: Mycoplasma putrefaciens, a new cause of mastitis in goats.

Lactating goats given an intramammary inoculation of 50 Mycoplasma putrefaciens in 1/2 of the udder had a high percentage of leukocytes in the milk within 8 days, without involvement of the other half. Larger doses of mycoplasma caused earlier inflammatory changes, but there were no differences in the final disease. In all instances, the viability count of the mycoplasma reached at least 10(8) organisms/ml before a high percentage of neutrophils were present in milk smears. The California mastitis test was 2+ to 3+ when 10(10) M putrefaciens/ml were cultured from the secretions. The main features of M putrefaciens infection in the udder are the lack of clinical signs and rapid growth of the organisms, followed by inflammatory cells in the milk and complete halt to lactation.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Difficulties in the phaco-emulsification of soft senile cataracts.

Several difficulties arise when a surgeon embarks upon the Kelman-Phaco-Emulsification method of cataract extraction. The most common but yet the least expected are technical difficulties with a soft cataract. A step by step, illustrated method of avoiding the disasterous pitfalls is outlined in order to aid the novice or occasional surgeon using phaco-emulsification on the "ideal" candidates for this operation.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A quantitative method for assessing stages of the rat estrous cycle.

The impact of gender and/or hormone variations on a wide variety of neural functions makes the choice between studying males or females (or both) of a given species difficult. Although female rats are widely used experimentally, few studies control for the stage of estrus. More detailed information about how to distinguish the various stages of the estrous cycle is needed. For the present study, vaginal smears were obtained once a day and stained using an adaptation of the Papanicolaou (PAP) procedure. Images are provided of unstained "wet" samples and the corresponding PAP stained smears illustrating the cellular profile for each stage of the cycle as well as post-ovariectomy. The different cell populations across the cycle were quantified and ratios determined to show trends between the predominant and other cell types in each stage of the estrous cycle. Both stained and unstained images and cell quantification data provide valuable guidelines for distinguishing the stages of the estrous cycle.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pasteurella multocida in psittacines: prevalence, pathology, and characterization of isolates.

Although the pathogenicity of Pasteurella multocida for psittacines (parrots and their relatives) has been documented in several case reports, the associated pathologic syndromes have not been well defined nor have the isolates been characterized. In addition, the prevalence of P. multocida in psittacines has not been determined. Three hundred twenty-eight psittacines (253 clinically healthy and 75 clinically ill) were cultured for P. multocida. Pasteurella multocida was not isolated from the pharynx, choana, or cloaca of psittacines. However, in five dead psittacines submitted for necropsy, P. multocida was isolated. These isolates were characterized, and all belonged to either somatic serotype 3 or 4,7. Pasteurella multocida somatic serotype 3 was isolated from psittacines with septicemia, whereas P. multocida somatic serotype 4,7 was isolated from psittacines with cutaneous lesions. The majority (four out of five) of the P. multocida isolates belonged to the subspecies multocida, and all isolates were susceptible to penicillin G, sulfisoxazole, gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but resistant to streptomycin. DNA fingerprints demonstrated that isolates belonging to the same somatic serotype were genetically related. The isolate from a cockatiel that had been caught by a cat belonged to somatic serotype 3 and was not genetically related to the other two isolates belonging to this somatic serotype.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pasteurella multocida in raptors: prevalence and characterization.

Several cases dealing with Pasteurella multocida infection have been documented in raptors. However, the isolates have not been fully characterized nor has the prevalence of P. multocida in raptors been determined. Three hundred ninety-eight raptors were cultured for P. multocida. Results indicated that P. multocida was not normally carried in the pharyngeal, choanal, or cloacal regions. However, P. multocida was isolated from raptors with avian cholera. Isolates from eight cases were characterized by biotype, somatic serotype, and antibiogram. Most (six of eight) of the P. multocida isolates belonged to somatic serotype 1. The remaining two P. multocida isolates belonged to somatic serotypes 3 and 3,4. The majority of the isolates belonged to the subspecies multocida. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin G, sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Various restriction site heterogeneities of P. multocida chromosomal DNA were found among the raptor isolates. Results indicated that isolates of P. multocida somatic serotype 1 from diurnal raptors were genetically related.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lesions associated with Pasteurella multocida infection in raptors.

Several case reports attest to the pathogenicity of Pasteurella multocida in raptors; however, the pathologic syndromes have not been fully described. We describe here the lesions encountered in 22 avian cholera cases in raptors. Besides septicemia-related lesions, a unique syndrome of esophageal abscesses was noted in 8 of the 11 (73%) Buteo hawks that succumbed to avian cholera. Esophageal abscesses were not noted in birds belonging to the order Strigiformes (owls) or family Falconidae (falcons and their relatives). Thus, the presence of white plaques in both the oropharynx and esophagus of Buteo hawks may indicate a possible P. multocida infection and should be considered in the differential diagnosis. This study also documents the first cases of avian cholera in a rough-legged hawk (Buteo lagopus) and a flammulated owl (Otus flammeolus).

Abscess↗