Biomedical subjects
D L Bruce
Publications and source records attributed to D L Bruce.
Diphenhydramine reversal of vancomycin-induced hypotension.
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The partitioning of Staphylococcus epidermidis in aqueous two-phase systems.
The surface properties of two isolates of Staphylococcus epidermis were compared by cell partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems. Strain K805 was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with a shunt infection and strain 1105 was obtained from human faeces and not known to have caused infection. Strain K805 was significantly more negatively charged than strain 1105 but there was no significant difference in hydrophobicity when cultures were grown for 18 h. However, prolonged incubation of strain K805 caused the production of extracellular slime and a marked increase in surface hydrophobicity. Both strains showed enhanced growth in biphasic cultures.
Postcholecystectomy pain relief by intrapleural bupivacaine in patients with cystic fibrosis.
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Blood gas values change slowly in apneic organ donors.
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Selective medium for the isolation and enumeration of Klebsiella spp.
A highly selective medium for the enumeration and isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca was developed in which the typical colonies were convex and 1 to 2 mm in diameter. Their pigment was either a mucoid pink-red color or a more watery pale red with a dark red center. Relatively little colonial growth occurred for any other bacterial genera, and where such colonies did grow, they could be easily differentiated since the form was atypical. The medium already appears to have potential value as a means of assessing the efficiency of treating sewage and monitoring the microbiological quality of vegetables.
Fentanyl does not inhibit fertilization or early development of sea urchin eggs.
Sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) eggs have been used to study the effects of fentanyl on in vitro fertilization and early development as a model of human in vitro fertilization. Fentanyl did not affect fertilization or subsequent cell division when present in concentrations calculated to approximate or exceed those to which human ora would be exposed during clinical anesthesia. Lytechinus eggs exposed to fentanyl, then washed in fentanyl-free sea water before fertilization were also not affected and divided normally. The results suggest potential clinical utility of fentanyl during the harvesting of human ova for subsequent in vitro fertilization.
Vaporization of mixed anesthetic liquids.
The results of erroneous filling of agent-specific anesthetic vaporizers were studied. The fraction of gas flow through the vaporizer was calculated for three vaporizers set to deliver essentially equipotent final concentrations: halothane, 1% (1.25 MAC); enflurane, 2% (1.19 MAC); and isoflurane, 1.5% (1.30 MAC). These fractional flows, at 22 degrees C, were 0.0188 for 1% halothane, 0.0615 for 2% enflurane, and 0.0295 for 1.5% isoflurane. Concentrations were calculated for cases of total filling of a vaporizer with one of the other two agents. In terms of potency of delivered agent, fourfold underdoses or overdoses could result from such errors. Refilling a 25% full vaporizer with the wrong agent then was considered. In order to calculate the concentrations of each agent that would be delivered in such a case, vapor pressures of each were determined in mixtures of two agents. Enflurane and isoflurane could not be separated satisfactorily by gas chromatography. Halothane, when mixed with enflurane or isoflurane, enhanced vaporization of each agent, as well as being somewhat more easily vaporized itself. Halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane do not form ideal solutions when mixed and the resultant vapor concentrations of each of two agents when mixed may be far from those predicted by an assumption of ideality.
Precurarization inhibits maximal ventilatory effort.
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Glucagon enhancement of cholangiography. A preliminary report.
Fourteen patients having cholecystectomies under general anesthesia were divided into two groups in a double-blind study. All had intraoperative cholangiograms, before which half had glucagon hydrochloride given intravenously in a dose of 1 mg; the others received only normal saline solution. There was a consistently superior visualization of the biliary tree in those given glucagon, and the difference was statistically significant. No significant changes in blood glucose level, heart rate, or ECG patterns were noted in either group. One patient with preoperative hypertension had a brief rise in BP after the glucagon was given. This study confirms previous anecdotal reports suggesting that glucagon in low dose enhances the quality of cholangiography without producing side effects.
Psychometric comparisons of trainees and consultants in anaesthesia and psychiatry.
Two psychometric tests were taken by trainees in anaesthesia and psychiatry, and by consultant practitioners in these specialties. The Cattell 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire measured primary and secondary aspects of personality. The Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory assessed interests, and compared the results with those of the test's control subjects who worked satisfactorily in one of 162 occupations. All clinician groups scored highly in intelligence, innovation, self-sufficiency, and interests in the arts and medical science. Anaesthetic trainees were very similar to psychiatric trainees except in the quality, tender-mindedness, in which the psychiatrists' mean score was much higher. Trainee anaesthetists closely resembled consultants in that specialty, except that the younger group was more apprehensive and less conscientious. Consultant anaesthetists were more conscientious, realistic, conventional, and had more "tough-poise" than consultant psychiatrists, who were higher in social interests and tender-mindedness. These differences appear to be largely the result of the types of practice in these specialties, rather than reasons people chose their fields. It is unlikely that these tests would be useful in the process of trainee selection, but the possibility that psychometric tests could be devised for that purpose must be considered.
Antidepressants do not increase the lethality of ketamine in mice.
Swiss-Webster mice were allocated to 35 groups of 20 each, including controls, to evaluate the effect of pretreatment with antidepressant drugs on the LD50 of ketamine i.p. Deaths occurred only in groups given ketamine 400 or 600 mg kg-1. Within these groups, there were no consistent differences among untreated mice and those given one of three daily doses of either a tricyclic (amitriptyline) or monoamine oxidase inhibitor (tranylcypromine) antidepressant in their drinking water for 19 days before the ketamine injections. The ketamine LD50 values for the three major pretreatment groups were: controls 400 mg kg-1; amitriptyline 478 mg kg-1; tranylcypromine 483 mg kg-1. Although non-fatal additive toxicity is not ruled out by these findings, mortality from ketamine was not increased by pretreatment with either type of antidepressant.
Research replication may be subject specific.
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Succinylcholine-induced postoperative sore throat.
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Central nervous system depression: performance decrements, abnormal behavior, suicide.
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Cryoanalgesia for post-thoracotomy pain.
Intercostal block by a freezing technique was compared with blockade by local anaesthetics or no blockade as a method of treating post-thoracotomy pain. The 15 patients who received cryotherapy had significantly less postoperative pain than the 9 patients whose nerves were blocked by local anaesthetics or who did not receive any nerve block. The interruption of nerve function produced by cryotherapy was temporary (not more than 30 days), and there were no adverse sequelae.