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Biomedical subjects

D L Franklin

Publications and source records attributed to D L Franklin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Dental findings of a child with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome.

The case presented is that of a 5-year-old female with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. Dental findings were severe hypodontia, late dental development, taurodontism of the primary molars, microdontia, and spacing. Hypodontia has previously been reported and therefore this case adds to the evidence that hypodontia may be a common feature of this syndrome. It also suggests that other dental anomalies could occur in children with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2000

Risperidone for the treatment of stuttering.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the efficacy of risperidone in the treatment of developmental stuttering in 16 adults. Eight subjects received placebo and eight received risperidone at 0.5 mg once daily at night, increased to a maximum of 2 mg/day. After 6 weeks of treatment, decreases in all measures of stuttering severity were greater in the risperidone group than in the placebo group; the between-treatment difference was significant (p < 0.05) on the most important measure, the percentage of syllables stuttered. In the risperidone group, reductions from baseline in scores for the percentage of syllables stuttered, time stuttering as a percentage of total time speaking, and overall stuttering severity were significant (p < 0.01); changes in scores on the fourth measure of stuttering, duration, were not significant. No significant decreases occurred in the placebo group. Among the eight patients in the risperidone group, five responded best to 0.5 mg/day, with stuttering recurring at higher doses. The remaining three patients responded better with increasing doses of risperidone. Risperidone was generally well tolerated. The results of this small study indicate that risperidone may be effective in the treatment of developmental stuttering. This finding needs to be confirmed in a larger trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Management of child and adolescent stuttering with olanzapine: three case reports.

Vast arrays of medications have been used, with limited success, to manage stuttering. Haloperidol and risperidone are the only two medications that have shown efficacy via double-blind studies in controlling stuttering symptoms. We present the first case reports of olanzapine in the management of stuttering. Three case histories are presented: a 10-year-old boy, a 16-year-old male adolescent with developmental stuttering, and a 9-year-old boy with medication-induced stuttering whose symptoms are successfully controlled with olanzapine. These case studies suggest that olanzapine may be a pharmacologic option in the management of stuttering.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The prevalence of malocclusion in children with cerebral palsy.

The prevalence of malocclusion in children with cerebral palsy was studied by comparison with a normal control group. The prevalence of drooling and prematurity was also assessed as well as the degree of mental handicap. Results showed an increased prevalence of malocclusion in children with cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsied children are likely to have a significantly increased overjet (P < 0.001) when compared with normal children. The comparatively small sample sizes precluded firm conclusions being drawn regarding other group comparisons (such as comparing children with cerebral palsy with and without a mental handicap) but there may be a tendency towards the more handicapped group having a Class II malocclusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Cholesterol in the distal portions of differentiating and fully differentiated rat odontoblasts observed by freeze-fracture.

Freeze-fracture replicas of rat molar tooth germs in conjunction with the 3-beta-hydroxysterol marker filipin were used to study the distribution of cholesterol in the distal portions of odontoblast plasma membrane. Filipin-sterol deformations (interactions) appeared as clusters interspersed with deformation-free regions on the distal plasma membrane of early differentiating odontoblasts. In fully differentiated odontoblasts, the whole distal membrane, including the process, was occupied by packed deformations with no free regions. It seems that early developing odontoblasts are poorer in cholesterol than the fully differentiated cells. As the content and/or distribution of 3-beta-hydroxysterols (cholesterol) is known to influence membrane fluidity, the low cholesterol content of early differentiating odontoblasts might be related to the fluidity required for the budding off of matrix vesicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Development of the distal end and Tomes' processes of ameloblasts observed by freeze-fracture and ultrathin section electron microscopy.

A freeze-fracture examination of distal portions of differentiating and secretory ameloblasts was carried out using upper molar tooth germs from one to four days old rats. Ultrathin sections were prepared for comparison. Freeze-fracture provides a unique opportunity to observe plasma membrane events in distal portions of ameloblasts during differentiation and development. Our results suggest that the distal plasma membrane and Tomes' processes of differentiating and secretory ameloblasts are highly active in endocytosis. In differentiating ameloblasts, endocytic activity is likely to be associated with removal of the basal lamina. During matrix secretion and maturation, ameloblasts are probably removing material from the maturing matrix; in particular amelogenins and water. The present study provides morphological evidence that an endosomal system is present in differentiating and secretory ameloblasts during periods of endocytic activity. This would provide a system whereby ligands, fluid components, membrane receptors and plasma membrane, which enter the cells during endocytosis, may be separated from each other and sorted out for despatch to different destinations.

Ameloblasts↗
PubMed1988

Race, class, and adolescent pregnancy: an ecological analysis.

The U.S. has one of the highest rates of adolescent pregnancy and childbearing in the industrialized world--and the highest rates in the U.S. are found among low-income black adolescents. This paper addresses the problem via a four-part theoretical framework based on an ecological developmental model. Variables that contribute to adolescent pregnancy in the black community are examined at the individual, family, sociocultural, and social structural levels. The potential utility of this framework is discussed, and suggestions are offered for research and programmatic intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Socioeconomic and nutritional localization, quantification and characterization of functional groups in Panama].

Even though there has been an increase in the coverage of governmental services and an adequate national food availability, malnutrition continues to exist in Panamanian children. In order to geographically and administratively identify those groups more seriously affected by this problem and orient governmental actions towards them, data from the National Nutrition Survey carried out in 1980 in 14 occupational (functional) groups were classified. Social, economic and cultural characteristics of each functional group were associated with food and nutrition problems. More than half of the malnourished children fall within the functional groups who work in the agricultural/sector. Within them, more than 40% of the malnourished live in homes where two-thirds of their income is derived from work performed outside their own farms. In urban as well as in rural areas low food availability exists at the family level in 25% of the families with inadequate diets studied. The food problem in the rural area is worsened due to limited access to health services and poor environmental conditions. Therefore, the malnutrition problem in Panama is linked to low incomes that prevent acquisition of sufficient foods and other goods and services, as well as to the difficulty of accessibility to public services by an important part of the population.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Freeze-fracture replicas of rat ameloblasts reveal unusual membrane domains around gap junctions.

Specimens of aldehyde-fixed and glycerol-impregnated tooth germs obtained from 1-2 day old rats were prepared for ultrathin section studies and for freeze-fracture, with the purpose of studying the structural organization of membranes of developing ameloblasts. In this report we describe unusual membrane domains which were found surrounding several ameloblast gap junctions. Developing ameloblasts - when examined in ultrathin sections - exhibit gap junctions which appear straight, curved or invaginated. In freeze-fracture replicas, in addition to their typical appearance, several gap junctions were found to be surrounded by a membrane margin which was undulating and devoid of intramembrane particles (IMP's). We believe that these hitherto unreported particle-free membrane margins are associated with the formation of curved or invaginated gap junctions. It is possible that these membrane margins are particle-free because plasma membrane proteins (presumably IMP's) become transiently detached from the cytoskeleton and move laterally. It is therefore likely that these margins are pure lipid domains which are more flexible, thus providing a transient hinge-like mechanism which facilitates the movement required for the formation of the curved or invaginated ameloblast gap junctions.

Ameloblasts↗