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Biomedical subjects

D L Gardner

Publications and source records attributed to D L Gardner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Cerebral structure in borderline personality disorder.

Computed tomographic (CT) scans of brains of patients with borderline personality disorder and normal volunteers were analyzed for ventricle-brain ratios, third ventricular size, and evidence of frontal lobe atrophy. There were no significant differences between the two groups on any of these measures except for a narrower third ventricle in borderline patients, which could be accounted for by the narrower third ventricle observed in female subjects overall. While borderline patients may show signs of subtle neurological dysfunction, they do not show evidence of structural brain pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite ceramic: response of chondrocytes in a test system using low temperature scanning electron microscopy.

An investigation is described of R37W, one of a number of porous ceramics being developed for maxillofacial surgery and the restoration of periodontal bone defects. Sensitive and precise methods are needed to assess the biocompatibility of these new materials. Mammalian chondrocytes are known to form colonies on and within porous ceramics; therefore, the tissue formed has been evaluated to gauge the response of these proliferating mesenchymal cells to the hydroxyapatite. Cell colonies, grown on R37W, have been rapidly frozen at -210 degrees C (63K) in nitrogen slush and examined by low temperature scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This method enables unfixed, fully hydrated cells to be viewed in detail and demonstrates the three-dimensional surface structure of chondrocytes in a life-like state. Features such as complex pericellular fenestrations and papilliform surface processes are believed to indicate cell viability and normality: they are not detectable by the light microscopy and SEM of fixed, dehydrated preparations. This recently recognized fine structure, together with the determination of rates of increase of cell numbers and histochemical and immunological tests of cell synthetic and secretory behaviour, provides a new guide to biocompatibility. It is concluded that the low temperature SEM of chondrocytes grown on ceramics is a valuable addition to the procedures available for the testing of hard materials before their adoption in oral surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Surviving as a solo practitioner.

Despite the trend toward larger and larger group practices, they are not for everyone. The solo practitioner needs to accept that he or she cannot be all things to all people. It is necessary to define the services one wants to provide and then seek those clients whose needs match those services. This article reviews the principles behind the author's successful solo practice.

Dairying↗
PubMed1989

Improving physical therapy students' clinical problem-solving skills: an analytical questioning model.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a model for teaching problem-solving skills to first-year physical therapy students using the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (CTA) and participant feedback. We used a pretest-posttest control group design. Subjects were 31 first-year physical therapy students divided into a Control Group (n = 15) and an Experimental Group (n = 16). Students in the Experimental Group used the problem-solving model during a four-week clerkship. No difference was found between the Experimental and Control Groups' performance on the CTA. Subjectively, students in the Experimental Group and their Clinical Instructors found the model to be an effective tool that aided students' understanding of patient assessment and treatment program planning. The need for an objective assessment tool of problem-solving models in physical therapy is discussed.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed1989

Pharmacotherapy of borderline personality disorder: a review.

Pharmacotherapy has emerged as a beneficial adjunct to psychotherapy in the overall treatment regimen for patients with borderline personality disorder. The authors review controlled and uncontrolled studies of neuroleptics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, and lithium carbonate in the treatment of this disorder. Although no one medication has emerged as the treatment of choice, patterns of response can be identified. These patterns may be helpful in guiding clinical choice of pharmacotherapy as well as directing research to an understanding of the etiological mechanisms underlying this complex disorder.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1988

Pharmacotherapy of borderline personality disorder. Alprazolam, carbamazepine, trifluoperazine, and tranylcypromine.

Sixteen female outpatients with borderline personality disorder and prominent behavioral dyscontrol, but without a current episode of major depression, were studied in a double-blind, crossover trial of placebo and the following four active medications: alprazolam (average dose, 4.7 mg/d); carbamazepine (average dose, 820 mg/d); trifluoperazine hydrochloride (average dose, 7.8 mg/d); and tranylcypromine sulfate (average dose, 40 mg/d). Each trial was designed to last six weeks. Tranylcypromine and carbamazepine trials had the highest completion rates. Physicians rated patients as significantly improved relative to placebo while receiving tranylcypromine and carbamazepine. Patients rated themselves as significantly improved relative to placebo only while receiving tranylcypromine. Patients who tolerated a full trial of trifluoperazine showed improvement, those receiving carbamazepine demonstrated a marked decrease in the severity of behavioral dyscontrol, and those receiving alprazolam had an increase in the severity of the episodes of serious dyscontrol. As an adjunct to psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy can produce modest but clinically important improvement in the mood and behavior of patients with borderline personality disorder. As a research tool, patterns of pharmacological response may provide clues to biological mechanisms underlying dysphoria and behavioral dyscontrol.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Differential response to compressive loads of zones of canine hyaline articular cartilage: micromechanical, light and electron microscopic studies.

Thin (100 micron) perpendicular slices of canine femoral condylar cartilage were placed horizontally on the stage of a Nachet microscope and viewed by transmitted light in the differential interference contrast mode. Each slice was held on the microscope stage by a loading rig and tested mechanically in compression. Measured loads to a maximum of approximately 2-3 MN/m2 were applied to the end of the slice corresponding to the articular surface. Photographs were taken of the cartilage before and during loading, and the distance by which selected chondrocytes were displaced was used as an index of mechanical strain, i.e., of change in length/original length. Maximum strains were observed in the superficial cartilage zone. Minimum strains were recorded in the mid-zone, at a depth corresponding to approximately 75% of the total cartilage thickness. The relative concentrations of cartilage collagen (COL) and proteoglycan (PG) were assessed by the light and electron microscopic histochemical study of cartilage sections taken from contiguous blocks. Superficial cartilage, which deformed most, had high concentrations of oriented COL fibres, low concentrations of PG. Mid-zone cartilage, which deformed least, had lower concentrations of randomly arrayed COL fibres but relatively high concentrations of PG.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Ultrastructural changes in the femoral condylar cartilage of mature American foxhounds following transection of the anterior cruciate ligament.

Skeletally mature male American foxhounds were subjected to surgical transection of the right anterior cruciate ligament; they developed osteoarthritis of this stifle joint. The results were compared with joints from sham operated and nonoperated controls. Articular cartilage from each lateral femoral condyle was viewed by transmission electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of control and of experimental tissues was compared with that of similar, previous studies made in beagles. Both forms of foxhound control tissue were indistinguishable from normal beagle femoral condylar cartilage. Ultrastructural changes observed in the foxhound up to 16 weeks after cruciate ligament surgery were closely similar to those recorded in the beagle; they included alterations of chondrocyte morphology and the deposition of an electron dense cartilage surface coat. However, the degree of cartilage disorganization after 64 weeks was greater than, and qualitatively distinct from, that observed in the beagle.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Neuroendocrine effects of limbic activation by electrical, spontaneous, and pharmacological modes: relevance to the pathophysiology of affective dysregulation in psychiatric disorders.

1. Literature is reviewed that implicates various limbic structures (particularly amygdala and hippocampus) in the modulation of stress-associated neuroendocrine systems. 2. Procaine and related local anesthetics may show a selective proclivity for activating limbic structures. 3. Procaine stimulates ACTH-cortisol and prolactin, but not growth hormone secretion. This pattern is most comparable to that elicited by stimuli which act bilaterally on temporal lobe and limbic areas. 4. Procaine may be a useful agent for helping to elucidate the anatomic and physiologic basis for mood, endocrine, and cognitive dysregulation associated with stress and affective disorders. 5. The endocrine concomitants of limbic activation may have relevance to the course and symptom complex of affective disorders and related psychiatric conditions.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1987

Dysphoria associated with methylphenidate infusion in borderline personality disorder.

Two patients with borderline personality disorder experienced dramatic dysphoric episodes after acute administration of intravenous methylphenidate in a double-blind manner. These dysphoric episodes were similar to those which occurred spontaneously under conditions of psychological stress. Case histories and the behavioral and cardiovascular effects of the infusions are described. The pharmacology of methylphenidate is discussed in order to elucidate possible mechanisms mediating the observed responses to this drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Surface structure of baboon (Papio anubis) hydrated articular cartilage: study of low temperature replicas by transmission electron microscopy.

Platinum/carbon replicas of the natural articular surfaces of the femoral condyles of normal adult baboons (Papio anubis) were made at approximately -130 degrees C. Washed surfaces displayed arrays of approximately 50-200 nm diameter collagen fibers and low parallel ridges approximately 5 micron apart. Untouched surfaces were often obscured by a featureless lamina. The ultrastructure of the bearing surface of baboon articular cartilage resembles that of quadrupeds such as the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Positive effects of carbamazepine on behavioral dyscontrol in borderline personality disorder.

In a double-blind crossover trial, carbamazepine, an anticonvulsant with primary effects on subcortical limbic structures, decreased the severity of behavioral dyscontrol in 11 women with borderline personality disorder significantly more than placebo. The authors emphasize the preliminary nature of their findings and discuss alternative hypotheses regarding mechanisms by which carbamazepine might influence behavioral dyscontrol.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Development of melancholia during carbamazepine treatment in borderline personality disorder.

Carbamazepine, an anticonvulsant, has shown efficacy in the treatment of a wide range of psychiatric disorders, including classical affective disorders. Because patients with borderline personality disorder show prominent affective symptomatology on the one hand and symptoms suggestive of an epileptoid disorder on the other, carbamazepine was included in a multidrug, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. During carbamazepine treatment, three of 17 (18%) patients developed melancholia, which remitted on discontinuation of carbamazepine. While carbamazepine may prove to be an effective medication for some patients with borderline personality disorder, careful attention to change in depressive symptoms is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Ultrastructural alterations in glycosaminoglycans of dog femoral condylar cartilage after surgical division of an anterior cruciate ligament: a study with cupromeronic blue in a critical electrolyte concentration technique.

The cationic dye, cupromeronic blue, has been used in a critical electrolyte concentration technique to analyse the ultrastructural changes in cartilage matrix glycosaminoglycans which occur in the dog anterior cruciate ligament division model of osteoarthrosis. Amorphous material appearing at the articular surface of cartilage from the stifle joints of animals subjected to open surgical division of the anterior cruciate ligament has been shown not to comprise glycosaminoglycan. The nature of this material is unknown, but it appears to replace the surface lamina of normal cartilage. It may therefore affect the mechanical properties of the superficial cartilage. The pericellular matrix around single chondrocytes or separating pairs of chondrocytes becomes enriched with sulphated glycosaminoglycan as a response to ligament section. This material is thought to be newly synthesised and secreted and reflects the increased cellular activity resulting from surgically induced canine joint disease.

Animals↗