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Biomedical subjects

D L Kline

Publications and source records attributed to D L Kline.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Interactive effects of 1-octen-3-ol and carbon dioxide on mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) surveillance and control.

Responses of natural populations of biting Diptera were studied at Everglades National Park, Fla., to three levels (0, 3.0, and 41.1 mg/h) of 1-octen-3-ol (octenol), four levels (0, 20, 200, and 2,000 ml/min) of carbon dioxide (CO2), and their combinations. Catches of mosquitoes (Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann), Culex [Melanoconion]) spp., Cx. nigripalpus Theobald, and Wyeomyia spp.) and one tabanid (Diachlorus ferrugatus (F.)) were affected significantly by CO2 and octenol. Significantly greater numbers of all taxa were collected as the level of CO2 was increased. The 3.0-mg/h release rate of octenol alone resulted in increased trap catches relative to no bait for all taxa except Cx. (Melanoconion) spp., whereas the 41.1-mg/h release rate alone generally reduced trap catches relative to either no bait or 3.0 mg/h octenol. The effect of CO2 and octenol was additive for Cx. (Melanoconion) spp. and D. ferrugatus and synergistic for Ae. taeniorhynchus. Six octenol-supplemented CO2 treatments produced mixed results for Cx. nigripalpus.

Aedes↗
PubMed1991

Diagnostic characterization of Anopheles freeborni and An. hermsi by hybrid crosses, frequencies of polytene X chromosomes and rDNA restriction enzyme fragments.

A polytene chromosome analysis was prepared from Anopheles freeborni collected from 25 locations in north and central California, and parts of Washington and Oregon. The X chromosome banding pattern, thought previously to be specific to An. hermsi, was common in mosquitoes collected from foothill regions in California, and in all samples from Washington and Oregon. At some of these locations, many mosquitoes had heterokaryotypes for the inversion that distinguishes the X chromosome of An. freeborni from that of An. hermsi. Use of rDNA restriction site analysis, and the results from crossing of different strains bearing either type of X chromosome, showed that An. hermsi does not have a unique or diagnostic X chromosome. Anopheles hermsi was collected in San Mateo County, CA, which is now the northernmost known limit of this species. Crossing studies, or the examination of rDNA restriction enzyme profiles, are presently the only means of identifying An. hermsi.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of 1-octen-3-ol and carbon dioxide as attractants for mosquitoes associated with irrigated rice fields in Arkansas.

Field studies were conducted to determine the responses of mosquitoes associated with irrigated riceland in Arkansas to 1-octen-3-ol (octenol), carbon dioxide (CO2) and combinations of both. Octenol was released at 4.1 (wick in) and 41.1 (wick out) mg/h and CO2 at 200, 500 and 1,000 ml/min. Octenol alone did not result in a significant (P greater than 0.05) increased response for any species relative to unbaited traps. An increase in CO2 release rate generally resulted in an increase in collection size. All octenol + CO2 combinations increased the collections of Coquillettidia perturbans, Culex salinarius and Psorophora columbiae relative to equivalent CO2 release rates alone. Mixed responses for these same treatment combinations were obtained for Anopheles crucians, An. quadrimaculatus and Cx. erraticus.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1991

Repellency of two deet formulations and Avon Skin-So-Soft against biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Honduras.

Two U.S. military issue deet repellent formulations (75% deet liquid and 33% deet lotion) and Avon Skin-So-Soft were tested against ceratopogonid midges under field conditions in Honduras. Test subjects were U.S. military personnel deployed to Honduras for training. Culicoides furens accounted for 96.3% of all midges collected. The liquid and lotion formulations of deet and Avon Skin-So-Soft provided 97.9, 95.9 and 71.4% protection, respectively, compared with the untreated control. Both deet formulations provided significantly better protection (P less than 0.05) than Avon Skin-So-Soft. The latter provided protection by trapping the midges in the oily film and not by repelling the insects as did the deet formulations.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Field studies on the potential of butanone, carbon dioxide, honey extract, 1-octen-3-ol, L-lactic acid and phenols as attractants for mosquitoes.

Various combinations of six candidate attractants--butanone, carbon dioxide (CO2), honey, octenol, lactic acid and mixed phenols--were tested against natural populations of mosquitoes in Everglades National Park, Florida, U.S.A., using unlighted CDC-baited traps. With few exceptions, the attractancy of these candidate compounds to mosquitoes, when used alone, was less than that of CO2 alone. The exceptions were that octenol and honey extract alone attracted larger numbers of Coquillettidia perturbans (Walker). Addition of lactic acid and/or octenol to CO2 increased trap collections of Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann), Anopheles atropos D. & K., and An. crucians Wiedemann by 1.4-13.8 times. Culex nigripalpus Theobald collections were increased 2.7 times by the addition of lactic acid, while the addition of octenol produced mixed results. Whereas the addition of lactic acid reduced collections of Cx (Melanoconion) spp., the addition of octenol generally increased collections. The opposite happened for Wyeomyia mitchellii (Theobald). For the biting midge, Culicoides furens (poey), octenol (1.6-23.4 x ) and phenol (2.7 x ) alone attracted larger numbers, and lactic acid alone attracted approximately the same numbers as CO2 alone. The combinations octenol + phenol and octenol + 200 ml/min CO2 increased C. furens collections c. 100 times over CO2 alone. The combination of octenol + CO2 increased (1.6 x ) collections of the tabanid Diachlorus ferrugatus (Fabricius). Butanone appeared to decrease the trap collections of all species when combined with CO2 or octenol + CO2.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of 1-octen-3-ol as an attractant for Coquillettidia perturbans, Mansonia spp. and Culex spp. associated with phosphate mining operations.

Field studies were conducted in phosphate mined areas of Polk County, FL, to determine the responses of mosquitoes produced as a result of mining operations to octenol and carbon dioxide. There was a highly significant response of all species except Culex erraticus and Anopheles quadrimaculatus to CO2. Also, a significant negative octenol response was shown for An. quadrimaculatus. Coquillettidia perturbans, Mansonia titillans and Cx. salinarius had an increased response to octenol relative to no attractant. There was a slightly negative interactive effect between octenol and 500 cc/min CO2 for Anopheles spp. and Culex (Melanoconion) spp. Both Cq. perturbans and Ma. titillans showed a significant synergistic enhancement in catch with octenol supplemented CO2 when compared with CO2 alone. However, their response to CO2 was not significantly different at 2 release rates (200 and 500 cc/min). There was a slightly greater than additive effect for the combination of octenol and CO2 for Cx. nigripalpus.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Mosquito attraction to substances from the skin of different humans.

Mosquito attraction responses to substances collected from human skin and placed on glass petri dishes were studied. Mosquito response varied according to the source of the substance. Substances removed from the head and hands elicited the greatest attraction response in laboratory-reared mosquitoes. Mosquito response lasted up to 6 h when the substance was aged and was increased by warming the samples from ca. 25 degrees C to 37 degrees C. Of the 12 mosquito species studied, attraction response was greatest in Aedes aegypti. It is cautioned that residues deposited by handling traps or other apparatus used in mosquito studies may influence test results.

Aedes↗
PubMed1989

Carbon dioxide and 1-octen-3-ol as mosquito attractants.

Interval suction traps were used to study the attractant effect of CO2 and 1-octen-3-ol on trap catches of mosquito populations at 2 different locations in Florida. There was no significant increase in the numbers of mosquitoes caught when the concentration of CO2 was increased from 200 to 1,000 cc/min. One-octen-3-ol used by itself attracted mosquitoes in numbers similar to CO2 released at 200 cc/min. One-octen-3-ol and CO2 acted synergistically in attracting significantly greater numbers of Aedes taeniorhynchus, Anopheles spp. and Wyeomyia mitchellii than either bait used singly, although the response of Culex spp. to this bait combination was less pronounced. Ceratopogonidae (Culicoides furens) and Tabanidae (Diachlorus ferrugatus, Tabanus nigrovittatus and Chrysops spp.) were also attracted to the combined bait.

Aedes↗
PubMed1989

Personal protection afforded by controlled-release topical repellents and permethrin-treated clothing against natural populations of Aedes taeniorhynchus.

Field tests evaluated repellent formulations containing deet in combination with permethrin-impregnated or untreated military uniforms against Aedes taeniorhynchus. No significant difference was determined between repellents in duration of protection whether or not permethrin-treated clothing was worn, but there were differences in efficacy relative to site of application. The head was the site of shorter duration of protection regardless of repellent tested. On repellent-treated skin, 12-30% of the bites were on arms, whereas 70-88% were on the head. When military repellent was used, the head was bitten 35% more often than with experimental repellents. On untreated clothing 80% of bites were through pants and 20% through shirts. Mean bites through untreated clothing were 0.7 bites/min/person (42/hr), whereas mean bites through permethrin-impregnated clothing were 0.0004/min/person (0.02/hr). Protection by permethrin-treated clothing relative to untreated clothing was 99.9%.

Aedes↗
PubMed1989

Repellency of two controlled-release formulations of deet against Anopheles quadrimaculatus and Aedes taeniorhynchus mosquitoes.

Two experimental controlled-release repellent formulations containing 35% (3M) and 44% (Biotek) deet, respectively, were compared with a 75% standard formulation of deet used by the military. The military repellent was equal to or significantly better than the formulations in duration of protection against 2 mosquito species in laboratory and field tests, but the formulations contained only 47-59% the amount of deet in the military repellent. In all cases high levels of protection (greater than 95%) were measured, but because of high densities of biting mosquitoes in field tests, this level did not necessarily indicate few bites. In terms of mean bites/test/day by Anopheles quadrimaculatus in caged tests, the military repellent had fewest (2) and Biotek had most (41).

Aedes↗
PubMed1989

Improved techniques for rearing Anopheles freeborni.

Techniques are described for mass rearing Anopheles freeborni. Eggs were incubated overnight at ca. 28 degrees C and then dried. Measured quantities of dried eggs were placed into styrofoam rings floating on the water surface of rearing trays. Water levels in larval rearing trays were kept shallow, and temperature was maintained with heat tapes at ca. 28 degrees C. Larvae were fed once a day on a slurry containing a 3:1:1:1 mixture of guinea pig chow, liver powder, yeast and hog chow. Pupation began on the 7th day after egg hatch, and pupae were harvested on the 8th, 9th and 10th days; ca. 1,700 pupae were harvested/tray. Adults emerged from 85% of the pupae, and about 40% were female. Individual males held in gallon-sized containers inseminated as many as 10 females. Although most sugar-fed males died within 2 weeks after emergence, over 35% of sugar-fed females survived for 3 weeks. Colonies were maintained on defibrinated bovine blood provided in natural membrane prophylactics. There were no significant differences in the number of blood-fed females or in the number of eggs they produced when mosquitoes were offered either guinea pigs or defibrinated bovine blood. Eggs were collected in plastic cups placed in cages. There was less than 6% mortality of eggs when these were dried and stored at 10 degrees C for 6 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Habitat preference of coastal Culicoides spp. at Yankeetown, Florida.

Larval habitats of salt marsh Culicoides spp. were delineated. Twenty-six habitat categories were equally sampled. Four broad physiographic zones were identified from aerial photographs and ground surveys. Two salt marsh zones were identified and separated on the basis of differences in plant cover type and distribution, number and conformation of islands, tidal creeks and ponds, and substrate structure. The other 2 zones were an extensive brackish-freshwater marsh and an upland area dominated by mixed pine and live oak. The more frequently flooded salt marsh zone provided the most productive Culicoides larval habitats. Data obtained from samples held for adult emergence indicated that C. mississippiensis was largely confined to these lower elevation marsh areas, but C. furens was found in both salt marsh and freshwater habitats.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Host-seeking activity of Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) near Yankeetown, Florida.

The diel, seasonal, and lunar host-seeking periodicity of Culicoides mississippiensis, C. floridensis, C. barbosai, and C. furens was studied near Yankeetown, Florida. Culicoides mississippiensis was the only species active during all seasons. Significantly more (P less than 0.05) individuals sought a blood meal when the moon was full than when the moon was in some other phase. Culicoides floridensis, the species with the shortest wing length, did not attack when the wind speed exceeded 9 km/h, and C. mississippiensis, the species with the greatest wing length, did not attack when the wind speed exceeded 17 km/h.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A new member of the Anopheles quadrimaculatus complex, species C.

A new member, species C, of the Anopheles quadrimaculatus complex was recently found in collections from the northwest coast of Florida. This new species cannot be differentiated from the other 2 species with available taxonomic keys. Evidence for this taxon as a sibling species includes data on hybrid sterility and distorted sex ratios in the progeny of crosses to species A and B, chromosomal differences, and diagnostic allozymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Laboratory evaluation of four organophosphate compounds as larvicides against field collected salt marsh Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).

The relative effectiveness of 4 organophosphate compounds was tested in the laboratory against Culicoides spp. larvae obtained from salt marsh areas on the Gulf coast of Florida. Larvae were exposed to the insecticide either in estuarine water or in a combination of estuarine water and dried substrate from the salt marsh habitat. The relative potency of the 4 chemicals varied greatly, with chlorpyrifos being the most toxic. Nine times as much temephos, 22 times as much fenthion, and 176 times as much malathion were required to achieve the 50% mortality level compared to chloryprifos (LC50, 0.5 ppb) in water. Addition of habitat soil did not change the order of effectiveness, but 9 times as much chlorpyrifos, 2.3 times as much temephos, and 1.3 times as much fenthion or malathion were required to cause the same mortality as in estuarine water alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Observations on larval habitats of suspected Culicoides vectors of bluetongue virus in Florida.

Potential breeding sites for Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) and C. insignis Lutz, suspected vectors of bluetongue virus (BTV) in Florida, were examined at 7 livestock facilities located in different geographic regions of the state. The 2 most productive habitats were mud contaminated by effluent from milking parlors (92.3 larvae/sample) and margins of vegetated ponds (18.8 larvae/sample). Four species of biting midges, C. crepuscularis Malloch, C. haematopotus Malloch, C. insignis, and C. variipennis were reared from immature stages extracted from substrate samples. Culicoides insignis was recovered from samples taken from muddy areas in pastures and margins of vegetated ponds, whereas C. variipennis was collected around waste lagoons and from mud contaminated by effluent from milking parlors.

Animals↗