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Biomedical subjects

D L McManis

Publications and source records attributed to D L McManis.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Stability of direct and transfer effects of number-conservation training with mentally retarded adults.

Twenty nonconserving retarded adults were assigned to equated training and control groups (n = 10 in each group). Training-group subjects were given multiple-strategy training for number conservation consisting of: demonstrating effects of addition-subtraction; negation of addition-subtraction by inverse operations; and addition-subtraction combined with perceptually induced cognitive conflict, reversibility, and verbal-rule instruction. Analyses of variance and critical difference multiple comparisons showed significant direct-training effects immediately after training and after 8 monhts. Significant short-term transfer was obtained on other types of conservation (discontinuous quantity, substance, liquid quantity, length, and weight), but long-term transfer was much weaker and less consistent. Transfer resulted primarily from gains in correct conservation judgements, with a majority of trained subjects failing to give any acceptable conservation explanations.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Social reinforcement in block design performance by brain-damaged, emotionally disturbed, and non-disturbed retardates.

48 retarded adults, equally divided by sex in three diagnostic categories (brain-damaged, nondamaged disturbed, and nondamaged-nondisturbed) were assigned to posttest reinforcement or control conditions on the basis of CA, IQ, and pretest performance on the Block Design. Reinforced subjects were praised for each individual correct block placement on the posttrest; control subjects repeated the test without reinforcement. Both brain-damaged and non-damaged-nondisturbed subjects showed accuracy gains under reinforcement, while nondamaged-disturbed subjects decreased in accuracy. Failure to replicate previous differential reinforcement effects with brain-damaged and nondamaged-nondisturbed subjects, and the discrepant reinforcement effect on nondamaged-disturbed subjects, did not support the use of reinforcement of performance on the Block Design test as an aid in detecting organic damage.

Adult↗