Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D L Oblack.
Trichosporon isolates form pink to violet pigments following reaction with diazonium blue B which reliably differentiates them from Geotrichum species. The inoculum could be grown in static culture without diminishing the colour intensity. This modification facilitates use of the diazonium blue B reaction in clinical laboratories.
The in vitro antifungal activities of two N-aminoacyl derivatives of amphotericin B methyl ester (AME) were compared by tube dilution with those of amphotericin B and AME, using 60 isolates representing 10 yeast species. A total of 70% of the strains were inhibited by concentrations of the N-aminoacyl AME derivatives that were within a twofold dilution of the amphotericin B or AME minimum inhibitory concentration. The fungicidal activity of the N-aminoacyl AME derivatives was 3- to 16-fold lower than that of amphotericin B for 8 of 10 species. A considerable spectrum of antifungal activity was observed for N-aminoacyl derivatives of AME, which represents a new class of water-soluble polyene antibiotics.
The autoMicrobic system Yeast Biochemical Card (Vitek Systems, Inc., subsidiary of McDonnell Douglas, Hazelwood, Mo.), a fully automated and computer-assisted method for identifying seven yeast genera based on 26 biochemical reactions, was compared with the API 20C (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y) yeast identification system, using 253 clinical yeast isolates. There was an 84% correlation between the Yeast Biochemical Card and API 20C systems based on biochemical tests alone and a 96% correlation when morphology was combined with the biochemical profile. Of 22 species examined, 14 were definitively identified within 24 h, using only the biochemical tests; the remaining 8 species were presumptively identified, using biochemical tests within 24 h, with definitive identification being completed in 48 to 72 h when morphological characteristics were ascertained. The Yeast Biochemical Card system was both a facile and, with concomitant morphology, an accurate system for performing yeast identification.
The effect of active immunisation on muscle damage after systemic infection with Candida albicans was examined in a murine model. Mice were successfully immunised against acute muscle damage by vaccines of viable, nonviable, or disrupted C. albicans. In addition, markedly enhanced survival of immunised mice was demonstrated over a 4-week interval. There was protection against muscle damage in immunised mice without a reduction in the number of organisms present in cardiac tissue. The data indirectly implicate the role of humoral immunity in the protection afforded by immunisation.
Mice were either rendered leukopenic by administration of nitrogen mustard or were treated with cortisone prior to intravenous challenge with Candida albicans. Leukopenic animals died five times faster following Candida challenge than untreated controls and also had significantly higher serum levels of the enzyme creatine phosphokinase. Similarly, when Candida infection occurred in cortisone-treated mice, mortality rates were markedly accelerated and serum levels of creatine phosphokinase and blood urea nitrogen were significantly higher than those found in untreated animals. Severe lesions and large numbers of Candida were observed in tissue sections of heart, kidney, and stomach from cortisone-treated animals. These data indicate that damage to host tissues is one manner by which Candida contribute to the morbidity of immunosuppressed animals.
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