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D L Patton

Publications and source records attributed to D L Patton.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Characterization of Campylobacter-like organisms isolated from homosexual men.

Thirteen Campylobacter-like organisms (CLOs) isolated from rectal cultures from homosexual men were studied. Like catalase-positive Campylobacter species, CLOs were curved gram-negative rods that did not grow aerobically, were motile, were oxidase- and catalase-positive, and did not utilize glucose. However, CLOs could not be classified within any of the Campylobacter species because they grew slowly and had unusual colony morphology; did not grow at 25 C, hydrolyze hippurate, produce H2S in triple sugar-iron agar, or tolerate 2% NaCl; were inhibited by 30-micrograms disks of nalidixic acid; and tolerated 1% glycine and 0.04% triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Three groups of CLOs were identified based on differences in nitrate reduction, growth at 42 C, and sensitivity to cephalothin. By the colony hybridization technique, whole-cell DNA isolated from a strain in each CLO group hybridized with DNA from other strains in the same group, but not with strains in other groups or with reference strains of catalase-positive Campylobacter species.

Campylobacter↗
PubMed1984

Induced hydrosalpinges in rabbits: comparison of hysterosalpingographic media and development of an animal model.

Experiments were conducted in rabbits to test the effect of commonly used hysterosalpingographic media on tubal structure and function. A model of hydrosalpinx was created by ligating both ends of the oviduct, and the lumen was filled with test solutions. Three groups of animals were studied. Group 1 rabbits (operated controls) received Hanks' balanced salt solution or no solution. In the second group (unoperated controls), no solution or occlusive ligature was applied. Group 3 received either Ethiodol (Savage Laboratories, Missouri City, TX), an oil-soluble contrast medium (OSCM), or Sinografin (E.R. Squibb & Sons, Princeton, NJ), a water-soluble contrast medium (WSCM). Histopathologic changes in the endosalpinx were moderate in the doubly ligated oviducts, and no difference was found between the effects of OSCM and WSCM in group 3 or between groups 1 and 3. Ciliary transport rate on the ampullary endosalpinx of group 1 was 0.05 mm/second, i.e., half the normal rate in the unoperated controls (P less than 0.001) and OSCM-filled oviducts (P less than 0.01). The rate in WSCM oviducts was 0.01 mm/second, significantly slower than in the OSCM-filled oviducts (P less than 0.05).

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Host response to primary Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the fallopian tube in pig-tailed monkeys.

Experimental acute salpingitis was produced in four pig-tailed monkeys, Macaca nemestrina, by intratubal inoculation with Chlamydia trachomatis (serotypes E or F). The organisms were reisolated from both the endosalpinx and endocervix as early as 1 week after the original inoculation. Endosalpinx cellular responses to the infection were examined by light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. A moderate lymphocyte infiltration was detected in the submucosa on day 7. By days 14 and 21 the lymphocytic infiltration was heavy and extended into both the submucosa and the mucosa; the infiltration subsided by day 35. Epithelial cell degeneration occurred in close approximation to lymphocytes, suggesting the immunologic basis of tissue destruction. Scanning electron microscopy revealed extensive deciliation and increased plasmalemmal alterations of nonciliated cells. The presence of C. trachomatis in frozen and deparaffinized tissues was demonstrated by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal antibody to C. trachomatis. Only secretory cells contained chlamydial inclusions. A humoral immune response to C. trachomatis was demonstrated by microimmunofluorescence. No histologic or immunologic evidence of infection was present in two control monkeys inoculated with HeLa cell material. The histopathologic and immunologic findings of this study establish the pig-tailed monkey as a useful model for further studies of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of chlamydial salpingitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Experimental salpingitis in rabbits provoked by Chlamydia trachomatis.

Experimental salpingitis was studied by the introduction of Chlamydia trachomatis, immunotype D, directly into the oviducts of New Zealand White rabbits. Some rabbits were rechallenged with immunotype F to elicit a second infection. Both experiments produced self-limited acute salpingitis. Light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed an extensive polymorphonuclear leukocytic infiltration in the submucosa and mucosa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed various alterations of the endosalpingeal surface, including deciliation and flattening of the epithelial cells. These morphologic changes were more pronounced following rechallenge. High and long-lasting serum antibody titers were observed in those rabbits receiving intratubal inoculation of live infectious organisms; no response was evident when inactivated organisms were used. These results indicate that the rabbit is useful in the study of the effects of infection on oviductal function.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Hydrosalpinx: effect of oviductal dilatation on egg transport.

Ligation of the ovarian end of the oviduct was used to induce hydrosalpinges in rabbits and monkeys. This procedure resulted in an accumulation of clear serous fluid within the lumen and distention of the ampullary wall. The ampullary endosalpinx responded with a general flattening of the surface architecture, especially a decrease in the prominence of the longitudinal mucosal folds. However, this flattened epithelial surface showed normal ciliation. Two to five months after ligation, direct observations were made in vivo of luminal transport of cumulus egg masses and surrogates. These observations were followed by study in vitro of ciliary currents on the exposed luminal surface. The results demonstrated conclusively that tubal dilatation had no adverse effect on cilia-mediated ovum transport within the ampulla. The implication of these results in terms of tubal infertility is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Function and structure of the rabbit oviduct following fimbriectomy. I. Distal ampullary salpingostomy.

The fimbria has long been considered an indispensable portion of the fallopian tube. To test this hypothesis, the fimbria and up to one-half of the adjoining ampulla of the left oviduct were resected by microsurgery in 13 New Zealand White does. The remaining distal ampulla was subjected to a cuff salpingostomy. Following a convalescence of 4 to 8 weeks and induced ovulation, 6 of the 11 resected oviducts apprehended ova and 29% of the total number ovulated ipsilaterally, whereas the right control oviducts retrieved 77% of the corresponding ova. Direct observation in vivo showed that the ova adhered to the neofimbria and that subsequent transport across the everted, hypertrophied ampullary mucosal folds into the tubal lumen took place readily. Scanning electron microscopy of the "neofimbria" and adjoining distal ampulla demonstrated populations of ciliated and secretory cells that were similar to those of the contralateral intact fimbria. This information challenges the concept of fimbrial indispensability and depicts the fimbriated ostium of a distal ampullary cuff salpingostomy as having an adequate function, albeit less efficient than normal

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Mechanically-induced hydrosalpinx: long-term oviductal dilatation does not impair ciliary transport function.

Long-term hydrosalpinges were mechanically induced in rabbits by ligation of the fimbriated end of the oviduct. The structure and function of these model hydrosalpinges were studied 28 to 52 weeks following ligation. This procedure caused a nonpurulent, clear serous fluid to accumulate within the lumen of the ampulla, which resulted in dilatation of the ampulla and thinning of the tubal wall. The intraluminal mucosal folds were attenuated in the expanded regions; however, normal ciliation was predominant throughout the endosalpinx. Two rabbits, one with a single distal tubal ligation and the other with double ampullary ligation, showed abnormal epithelium with distinct patches of flattened polygon-shaped, nonciliated cells. In vivo and in vitro observations of luminal transport of surrogate ova in cumulus showed that ciliary transport was not affected by the long-term gross distension of the ampullae. The authors conclude that long-term tubal dilatation by itself does not alter tubal morphology sufficiently to impair ovum transport function in the oviductal ampulla.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Egg transport in the rabbit oviduct following ampullary resection and microsurgical end-to-end anastomosis.

Surgical alteration of rabbit oviducts was employed to investigate the mechanisms of ovum transport. Resection of a 5- to 10-mm segment of midampulla was followed by microsurgical end-to-end anastomosis. One to two months later, direct observations were made, in situ, of ampullary egg transport. Stained cumulus masses were transported normally to the site of anastomosis: two-thirds of those studied were delayed at that point for an average of 2 1/2 minutes. Normal transport then resumed and continued to the ampullo-isthmic junction. In all but one instance, blockage of muscular activity with isoproterenol prevented transport beyond the anastomosis site, demonstrating the presence of an obstacle to ciliary transport. These studies reveal an important facilitative role for muscle in improving the reliability of ampullary egg transport. Considering species differences in egg transport mechanisms, it is suggested that ampullary-ampullary anastomosis in women might have a poor prognosis for re-establishing fertility.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Eelectron microscopic examination of the rabbit oviductal ampulla following microsurgical end-to-end anastomosis.

The endosalpinx of both normal and microsurgically reconstructed ampullae in rabbit oviducts was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy following ovum transport studies. Tall, longitudinal mucusal folds ran continuously throughout the lumina of normal ampullae and were clearly interrupted at the incision site in the reconstructed oviducts. In both normal and surgically repaired tubes the endosalpinx was covered with long, slender cilia and bulbous processes of secretory cells with microvillous surfaces. Intracellular examination of these epithelial cells suggested no abnormal structure or function. These observations indicate that the epithelium on the severed ends of the endosalpinx healed completely within 1 month following ampullary anastomosis. Since no luminal obstruction was observed, the interruption and misalignment of the mucosal folds appear to be the cause of the impaired ciliary transport of cumulus masses observed in these oviducts. When species differences in tubal structure and function are considered, it appears likely that ampullary-ampullary anastomosis could hinder egg transport and fertility in women.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Fine structural localization of potassium-stimulated rho nitrophenylphosphatase activity in denrites of the cerebral cortex.

A histochemical technique for the demonstration of K+-rho-nitrophenylphosphatase (K+-rhoNPPase) activity, a component of the Na+,K+-ATPase, has been applied at the fine structural level in the somatosensory cortex of the rat. Reaction product was consistenly found in dendrites and in association with the cytoplasmic aspect of the dendritic plasmalemma. Reaction product often filled portions of the tubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum in these processes. The results of these studies are interpreted to indicate that enzymatic activity is associated with large-and small-diameter dendrites. No convincing evidence of high activity was found in glial profiles. The importance of neurons and their dendrites in active transport of sodium and potassium ions in the cerebral cortex may be more significant than indicated by studies with isolated neurons and glia.

4-Nitrophenylphosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunopathology and histopathology of experimental chlamydial salpingitis.

Experimental infection of fallopian tubes was produced in four sexually mature pig-tailed monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) by intratubal inoculation with serovar E or F Chlamydia trachomatis. Infection was confirmed by reisolation of the organism from both the endosalpinx and the endocervix. An antibody response to the infecting strain of C. trachomatis was demonstrated in monkey sera and in cervical secretions by the microimmunofluorescence test. A cellular immune response to C. trachomatis was shown by the in vitro lymphocyte transformation assay. Histopathologic examination of the endosalpinx following infection showed epithelial degeneration and deciliation of ciliated cells. Lymphocytic infiltration into both submucosa and mucosa was present at day 7 and approximated areas of epithelial cell degeneration. Two control monkeys remained unresponsive throughout the study. These results indicate that the pig-tailed macaque should be a suitable model for further studies of the pathogenesis of, immune responses to, and therapy for acute C. trachomatis salpingitis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Protective immunity in pig-tailed macaques after cervical infection with Chlamydia trachomatis.

Seven pig-tailed macaques were inoculated in the cervix with Chlamydia trachomatis. Cervical infection resulted in all animals. After spontaneous cessation of cervical shedding of C. trachomatis, repeated inoculation either failed to produce infection, or resulted in infection of shorter duration with lower inclusion counts. Thus, cervical infection may lead to protective local immunity in pig-tailed macaques.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral contraceptives do not alter the course of experimentally induced chlamydial salpingitis in monkeys.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The effects of oral contraceptive use on chlamydial infections and ensuing PID are not well understood. In this study, the effects of oral contraceptives on the clinical course of acute chlamydial salpingitis were investigated. STUDY DESIGN: Monkeys (n = 4) in which salpingeal auto-transplants had been established were given oral contraceptive pills consisting of a combination of estrogen and progesterone (Norlestrin 1/50, Parke-Davis, Ann Arbor, MI). After one complete cycle of hormone treatment, monkeys were inoculated with C. trachomatis serovar E in the subcutaneous salpingeal pockets while under continuous hormone treatment. Inoculated pockets were biopsied serially for isolation of organisms and histopathological evaluation. Two monkeys not given oral contraceptives were studied in parallel. RESULTS: The duration of infection as evidenced by recovery of organisms was not appreciably different between the treated and untreated monkeys. Chlamydia could be recovered from pocket tissues through day 10 post-infection in control and treated animals, and on day 14 post-infection in one of two control animals. Thereafter all isolation became negative. The inflammatory infiltrate consisted primarily of mononuclear cells (50-100 cells per 40 x field). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that administration of oral contraceptives did not affect the duration of shedding of organisms nor the histopathology of acute chlamydial infection of the reproductive tract.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased incidence of oviduct pathology in the guinea pig after repeat vaginal inoculation with the chlamydial agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although it has been hypothesized that repeated infections with Chlamydia trachomatis result in an increased potential for the development of infertility, it is not know whether repeated chlamydial infection by the vaginal route will result in an increased incidence of upper tract pathology or enhanced pathology. GOAL OF THIS STUDY: To determine whether guinea pigs given two infections with the chlamydial agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis would experience an increased incidence of pathologic changes compared with animals having only a single infection. STUDY DESIGN: Guinea pigs previously infected with guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis were challenged with a fresh intravaginal inoculum 73-77 days after the primary infection. Oviducts were examined either nine or 30 to 37 days after the challenge infection for pathologic changes and compared with control unchallenged animals 75 to 85 days after a primary infection. RESULTS: A significant increase in the number of animals with oviducts demonstrating marked tubal dilatation was observed in the challenged animals 30 to 37 days after the challenge infection. There was no association of increased antibody titer and chlamydial Hsp60 with the presence of tubal dilatation. CONCLUSION: These data strongly indicate that repeated infection via the natural vaginal route does increase the risk of tubal damage.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of nonoxynol-9 on vaginal microflora and chlamydial infection in a monkey model.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nonoxynol-9, an intravaginal microbicide, is chlamydiacidal in vitro but also cytotoxic. This study examines the effects of nonoxynol-9 in vivo, using a pigtail macaque model of chlamydial cervicitis. GOALS: To establish a minimum infectious dose of Chlamydia trachomatis in the macaque, and to observe the effects of a single dose of nonoxynol-9 on efficiency of chlamydial infection, vaginal microflora, and cervicovaginal irritation. STUDY DESIGN: The effects of 4% nonoxynol-9, C. trachomatis (5,000 or 10,000 IFU) or both nonoxynol-9 application and chlamydial infection were studied in 17 macaques. RESULTS: Following a single application of nonoxynol-9, chlamydial infection was prevented in 4 of 6 monkeys infected with 10,000 IFU; there was a transient decrease in anaerobic gram-negative rods (P < 0.05) and Peptostreptococci (P > 0.05), but no change in Lactobacillus. Mild cervicovaginal irritation was observed in the monkeys. CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of nonoxynol-9 causes minimal vaginal flora and epithelial irritation, and may be useful for prevention of chlamydial infection.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The vaginal microflora of pig-tailed macaques and the effects of chlorhexidine and benzalkonium on this ecosystem.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To characterize normal vaginal microflora of pig-tailed macaques and to evaluate two commonly used intravaginal compounds, chlorhexidine (CHG), a vaginal antiseptic (Surgilube, E. Fougera, Melville, NY), and benzalkonium chloride (BZK) (spermicidal contraceptive) in this monkey model to assess effects on the vaginal microflora. STUDY DESIGN: Vaginal swabs were collected for microbiologic analysis to characterize normal flora. Subsequently, the vagina was exposed to either CHG or BZK twice at 24-hour intervals. RESULTS: The vaginal microflora of 26 pig-tailed macaques was found to be remarkably similar to the vaginal flora of the human with respect to frequency of vaginal colonization by H2O2-producing lactobacilli, Prevotella species, and several other microorganisms. After two vaginal applications at 24-hour intervals, CHG had only small effects on the vaginal microflora of five animals. By contrast, BZK applied by the same protocol had profound adverse effects on the lactobacilli and Peptostreptococcus and more transient effects on vaginal Prevotella and viridans streptococci of six animals. CONCLUSIONS: These observations demonstrate that the vaginal microflora of the pig-tailed macaque is a useful model in which to further evaluate newly developed intravaginal contraceptives that may be microbicidal and/or virucidal before widespread intravaginal use in women.

Animals↗