PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D L Reynolds

Publications and source records attributed to D L Reynolds.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from an infant.

SETTING: This report investigates the unusual transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a 12-week-old infant with nosocomially acquired tuberculosis (TB). Compliance with recommendations on the post-exposure management of young children is described. DESIGN: Contacts of an infant case of TB were identified and recommended to undergo baseline and post-exposure tuberculin skin tests (TST) as per Canadian TB standards. TST conversion was measured at least 8 weeks post exposure. Children aged <6 years were recommended to initiate preventive treatment with isoniazid (INH) until their post-exposure TST. Information on TST results and adherence to therapy were analysed from existing medical records. RESULTS: Overall, 17 TST conversions were documented among 732 contacts: both parents, two health care workers (HCWs) who provided close care, and several patients, visitors and one staff member without obvious close contact. Of 65 eligible children, 46% completed post-exposure therapy as recommended. The most common reasons for treatment failure were concern about side effects, perception of low risk and lack of physician support. CONCLUSION: This investigation suggests that all children, including infants, with cough and numerous bacilli or extensive pulmonary disease should be considered infectious. Health care provider education is necessary to resolve the observed low compliance with current post-exposure management guidelines.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1999

The role of marital status in health services expenditures for psychiatric outpatients.

This study tested the hypothesis that married psychiatric outpatients would have lower total health services expenditures than divorced or separated patients. Chart review of the 471 individuals attending an academic medical center outpatient psychiatric clinic during 1994 identified 131 married, 40 separated, and 93 divorced patients. Separated men had significantly higher average total charges ($16,890) than married ($5,279) or divorced ($5,539) men by one-way ANOVA (p < .05). The nonparametric Mann-Whitney test also showed that separated men had higher charges than married or divorced men. There were no differences between marital status groups for women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of biological and chemical assays for the quantitation of rifapentine in human plasma.

The purpose of this study was to establish the correlation between biological and chemical assays for the quantification of rifapentine in human plasma. The bioassay was found to overestimate antibiotic plasma concentration when compared to the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for rifapentine (r = 0.9538, n = 220). This was because of the presence of varying amounts of the biologically active 25-O-desacetyl metabolite in the test samples. A better correlation (r = 0.9804, n = 220) was observed when the bioassay data were compared to combined parent-metabolite HPLC values. Such correlative data are necessary adjuncts in the establishment of antibiotic susceptibility test breakpoints.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1996

An investigation of the dose proportionality of deflazacort pharmacokinetics.

The dose proportionality of deflazacort was assessed following single-dose oral administration at doses of 3, 6, and 36 mg to 24 healthy young adult volunteers. The active metabolite of deflazacort (21-desacetyl deflazacort) was monitored in plasma using a sensitive, semi-microbore liquid chromatographic method. Cmax averaged 10.4 +/- 5.0, 19.8 +/- 7.5, and 132.6 +/- 52.5 ng mL-1 for the 3, 6, and 36 mg doses, respectively. AUC(0-infinity) averaged 38.5 +/- 37.1, 64.9 +/- 20.8, and 411.7 +/- 148.5 ng h mL-1 for the same three doses, respectively. Elimination half-life ranged from 1.9 +/- 0.5 h at the 6 mg dose to 2.4 +/- 1.5 h at the 36 mg dose. Regression analyses of dose versus Cmax and AUC(0-infinity) yielded intercepts which were not significantly different from zero (p > 0.05) and slopes which were significant (p < 0.05). Regression analysis of dose versus apparent oral clearance yielded a slope which was not significantly different from zero (p > 0.05). These data indicate that deflazacort exhibits dose-proportional pharmacokinetics.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

Effects of early immune stress and changes in dietary metabolizable energy on the development of newly hatched turkeys. 2. Selected characteristics of immune function.

Two 21-d experiments were conducted to document the effects of an early immunologic stress and changes in dietary ME(n) on selected characteristics of immune function of newly hatched turkeys. Eight treatments were included in each experiment. Treatments were the result of complete factorial arrangements of two types of injection and four isonitrogenous diets. Turkeys in both experiments were injected i.p. with .5, .5, and .2 mL of saline (SAL) or .5, .5, and .2 mL of a solution of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 micrograms LPS/mL SAL) at 1, 3, and 5 d of age, respectively. In Experiment 1, two diets were formulated to contain 2,800 kcal ME(n)/kg. One was a corn-soybean meal based diet (CSBM) and the other contained 8% Solkafloc (SKF). A third diet (3,100 kcal ME(n)/kg) was formulated by substituting 8% sucrose (SUC) for the 8% SKF. The fourth diet (HE) included in Experiment 1 was formulated to contain 3,700 kcal ME(n)/kg. The CSBM and SUC diets and two additional diets were tested in Experiment 2. The latter were the CSBM diet containing 74.5 mg ibuprofen/kg (IBU) and a corn-soybean meal diet formulated to contain 3,100 kcal ME(n)/kg (CS31). Concentrations of plasma IgG and jejunal IgG and IgA were not affected by injection or diet. Age-related changes in Ig concentrations were consistently observed in Experiments 1 and 2. Injection with LPS reduced the number or responses of blood leukocytes to mitogens at 8 d of age (P < .01), as compared with samples from turkeys injected with SAL. Leukocytes in whole blood samples from turkeys fed the HE diet responded less to LPS stimulation than those fed the SUC diet (P < .01). Injection with LPS did not markedly affect the characteristics of immune function studied, and feeding a diet with 3,100 kcal ME(n)/kg and 28.5% crude protein did not measurably affect the characteristics of immune function of young turkeys.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1994

Morphogenesis of enteric lesions induced by group D rotavirus in ringneck pheasant chicks (Phasianus colchicus).

Eight day-old male and female ringneck pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) were inoculated with group D rotavirus and necropsied at 4, 7, and 11 days post-inoculation. The intestinal tracts were examined by light and electron microscopic and immunohistochemical methods. By 4 days post-inoculation, 2/3 (66%) inoculated birds were stunted and had diarrhea and dilated intestines. Intestinal villi were shortened, and many villous enterocytes were partially detached from the lamina propria. Crypts were hyperplastic, and the lamina propria contained a diffuse infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Immunoreactivity to rotaviral antigen was localized to enterocytes on the tips of villi in the duodenum, jejunum, and proximal ileum. By 7 days post-inoculation, 3/3 (100%) inoculated birds had clinical signs and gross and microscopic changes similar to those at 4 days post-inoculation but more severe. Immunoreactivity was localized in enterocytes scattered along the sides of villi, in occasional crypt enterocytes, and within macrophages in the villous lamina propria. Ultrastructurally, infected enterocytes contained cytoplasmic aggregates of viroplasm with multiple viral core particles. Numerous mature virions (60-75 nm in diameter) were present within dilated components of the cytocavitary network. Macrophages within the lamina propria contained phagocytosed remnants of necrotic virus-infected cells. By 11 days post-inoculation, birds did not have gross lesions, but 1/2 (50%) had mild crypt hyperplasia and an infiltrate of leukocytes in the lamina propria. Occasional enterocytes along the sides of villi and macrophages in the lamina propria were immunoreactive for viral antigen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Modelling the population health impact of musculoskeletal diseases: arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: A model adjusting for reductions in quality and quantity of life was developed to estimate the population health impact of musculoskeletal diseases. METHODS: Using arthritis as the prototype, prevalence, mortality, and severity data from a variety of sources were combined to model a hypothetical cohort of 1,000 individuals through life. Quality adjusted life years and population health expectancy were calculated for those with arthritis and compared to the general population. RESULTS: Without adjusting for quality of life, a cohort of 1,000 women and 1,000 men at age 15 years could expect 65,010 and 58,735 life years, respectively. Adjusting for quality of life, women with arthritis could expect 61,719 life years, and men 57,123 life years. The unadjusted population health expectancy was 65.0 for girls and 58.7 for boys (at age 15 years). Adjusting for quality of life, the population health expectancies were 61.7 and 57.1, years for women and men, respectively. CONCLUSION: Using this model, the typical adult woman with arthritis can expect to lose 3.3 healthy years of life, and a man, 1.6 healthy years of life. Overall, the model provided a general methodology for determining the population health impact of musculoskeletal diseases. In addition, it is hoped that the methodology will stimulate further research into this area, raise awareness about the uses and limitations of currently available data, and provide a useful model for monitoring the impact of interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Evidence that bacteria are not causative agents of stunting syndrome in poults.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of removing bacteria, including long segmented filamentous organisms (LSFO), from inoculum known to induce stunting syndrome (SS) in poults. Experiment 1 consisted of two identically designed trials. In each trial, each of four treatments was assigned to an isolator. Three treatments consisted of dosing, by crop intubation, groups of 1-day-old poults with unfiltered SS inoculum or filtrate of inoculum passed through .45- or .20-micron microfilters. Uninoculated poults were dosed with inoculum carrier, saline. Experiment 2 was done in battery facilities. Three rooms were used and each room housed one of three treatment groups. Triplicate pens of 10 poults each within each room were dosed by crop intubation with saline (uninoculated), unfiltered inoculum, or filtrate from .20-micron filtration. As compared with uninoculated poults, weight gain through 7 days was reduced 20% (P less than .05) by unfiltered and filtered inocula in both experiments. Jejunal maltase activity also was decreased (P less than .01) by unfiltered and filtered inocula. Feed efficiency (FE) was not determined in Experiment 1, but in Experiment 2, FE from 1 to 14 days of age was impaired by inoculum, irrespective of filtration. This effect was not evident during the 14- to 20-day period. The observation that the adverse effects of giving filtered inoculum to poults were the same as those caused by unfiltered inoculum indicated that bacteria, including LSFO, were not primary causative agents of the SS experimentally induced in poults.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Physical disability among Canadians reporting musculoskeletal diseases.

About one million Canadian adults are estimated to have physical disabilities attributed to a musculoskeletal condition, a prevalence of 50.1/1,000 adults (all rates expressed/1,000). The specific musculoskeletal disease rates were arthritis/rheumatism (27.2), back (16.2), "other" (4.6), trauma (3.6) and bone (0.6). More women reported disabling musculoskeletal disease (61.0 versus 38.6, respectively). Prevalence rates increased with age from 6.2 among Canadians aged 15-24 years, to 264.7 aged 85 years and over. Limitations of mobility were more common than those of agility. Adults in institutions reported more disabilities than did adults in households (means 7.7 and 4.4, respectively).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Influence of dietary supplementation with Streptococcus faecium M-74 on broiler body weight, feed conversion, carcass characteristics, and intestinal microbial colonization.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of Streptococcus faecium M-74 supplementation of broiler diets. Mixed-sex or male only chicks were used in the experiments. Both experiments consisted of six dietary treatments and four replicates per treatment in a randomized block design. The S. faecium was fed alone for 21, 36, or 44 days or for 44 days with S. faecium supplemented in the water for the first 14 days. In another treatment, S. faecium was fed for 44 days, but the feed was restricted for Days 8 through 13. The S. faecium was also fed in combination with antibacterial products (AP) for 44 days. An additional diet was an unsupplemented basal, and another was supplemented only with AP. In Experiment 1, feed efficiency was significantly better with the basal and diets supplemented with S. faecium than with those diets supplemented with AP or AP and S. faecium. In Experiment 2, BW of broilers at 44 days of age were significantly heavier for broilers receiving S. faecium in the feed and also S. faecium in the water for the first 14 days as compared with broilers receiving AP or AP and S. faecium supplementation. There were no significant differences in carcass yield or composition characteristics. In Experiment 1, the scores representing S. faecium colonies found in the intestinal tract were not influenced by dietary treatment. The ceca had the highest S. faecium score of any of the intestinal tract locations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1988

Biological sample preparation and data reduction concepts in pharmaceutical analysis.

This paper describes strategies to rapidly develop sensitive and selective preparations using manual and robotic liquid-solid isolation (LSI) methods. LSI procedures offer selective isolation of drug or metabolites from complex matrices and are applicable to many pharmaceutical compounds. The beneficial effect of weighted linear regression is described, and several data reduction techniques are contrasted.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1986

Robotic analysis of 3,7-dimethoxy-4-phenyl-N-1H-tetrazol-5-yl-4H-furo [3,2-b]indole-2-carboxamide in human plasma.

An automated liquid chromatographic assay using unattended robotic sample preparation has been developed and validated to quantitate 3,7-dimethoxy-4-phenyl-N-1H-tetrazol-5-yl-4H-furo(3,2-b)indole-2- carboxamide (CI-922) in human plasma. The drug and internal standard 2 were isolated from plasma by solid-phase extraction onto Bond-Elut C-18 cartridges. Plasma interferences were selectively removed, and the compounds were eluted from the cartridge. Separation was achieved at ambient temperature using a C-18 column (5 microns, 4.0 X 150 mm) with an isocratic eluant consisting of acetonitrile:water:glacial acetic acid (45:55:1). The column effluent was monitored spectrophotometrically at 340 nm. Peak-height ratios were proportional to plasma concentrations of 1 over the range 0.025-5.0 micrograms/mL, and the recovery of 1 from plasma was 63.5%. Calibration curve precision was +/- 6.7%, based on relative standard deviations (RSD) of 1.9 to 6.7% for calibration standards. The accuracy of calibration curves was +/- 7.2%, with relative errors ranging from -7.2 to 3.6%. Assay precision was +/- 4.8%, based on RSD values of 3.9, 4.8, and 3.4% for spiked control samples of pooled human plasma containing 0.20, 1.50, and 2.50 micrograms/mL of 1, respectively. Assay accuracy was -0.7 to 2.0%. This method has been used to analyze 1 in clinical plasma samples.

Azoles↗
PubMed1986

A validated liquid chromatographic method for the antiallergy agent CI-922 in dog and rat plasma.

A sensitive, specific and rapid liquid chromatographic procedure to selectively monitor CI-922 in dog and rat plasma was developed and validated. Plasma samples were acidified and extracted with ethyl ether. The organic layer was evaporated to dryness, reconstituted with mobile phase, and the analytes were separated and quantified on an octadecylsilane stationary phase (lambda = 340 nm). The procedure was linear from 0.05 to 3.0 mug ml(-1) with a detection limit of 0.02 mug ml(-1). The accuracy of the method had relative errors of 7.6, 4.2 and 5.4% for dog plasma controls containing 0.5, 1.50 and 2.5 mug CI-922 ml(-1), respectively. The corresponding precision was 5.0, 4.0 and 4.8% (RSD). Similarly, relative standard deviations less than 4.6% and relative errors of less than 1.4% were obtained for rat plasma controls. The method is suitable for pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacokinetic studies of CI-922.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of immune electron microscopy and genome electropherotyping techniques for detection of turkey rotaviruses and rotaviruslike viruses in intestinal contents.

Seventy-nine intestinal contents specimens from 65 turkey flocks were examined for rotavirus and rotaviruslike virus (RVLV) by immune electron microscopy (IEM) and genome electropherotyping. The IEM procedure was slightly more sensitive in detecting these viruses; 7 of 48 specimens (14.6%) positive for virus by IEM were negative by the genome electropherotyping technique. The genome electropherotyping technique more readily differentiated the rotaviruses and RVLVs than did the IEM procedure; 15 of 48 specimens (31%) positive for virus by IEM could not be differentiated into rotavirus of RVLV, whereas only 4 of the 41 specimens (9.7%) positive by genome electropherotyping produced incomplete genome electropherotypes and could not be differentiated. Thirty-one specimens negative by IEM were also negative by genome electropherotyping. Specimens determined to contain only rotavirus by IEM produced only rotavirus genome electropherotypes. Likewise, specimens determined to contain RVLV alone by IEM produced only RVLV genome electropherotypes. Three specimens contained viruses morphologically resembling rotaviruses that were not aggregated by either the anti-turkey rotavirus serum or the anti-turkey RVLV serum and possessed genome electropherotypes distinct from those of the turkey rotavirus and RVLV. These rotaviruses may represent a third, previously unrecognized serogroup of turkey rotaviruses.

Animals↗