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Biomedical subjects

D L Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to D L Shapiro.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Newborn tracheal aspirate cytology: classification during respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Cytopathologic examinations of tracheobronchial aspirates from 108 infants sampled during mechanical ventilation demonstrated a well-defined progression of cytologic changes in bronchial cells that could be divided into three classes. Seventy percent of infants with respiratory distress syndrome who developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia had pulmonary effluent cytology designated Class III; no infants with RDS but without BPD had these cytologic findings. Additionally, a temporal progression of events involving polymorphonuclear leukocyte and macrophage populations occurred in the absence of infection; these events were associated with duration of assisted ventilation and oxygen exposure. The technique described provides a useful way to monitor the progression of lung injury and repair and offers a cytologic method to predict and diagnose the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1981

Lung surfactant in an era of replacement therapy.

In this paper current knowledge of the pulmonary surfactant system with particular emphasis on aspects that relate to exogenous surfactant replacement therapy for the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is considered. The work provides an overview, but concentrates on several facets of lung surfactant research that help to elucidate and evaluate past and present attempts toward such therapy. Subjects addressed include the functional need for specific lung surfactant components to obtain optimal surface activity and some of the required surface property measurements to characterize such activity. Also discussed is current knowledge of lung surfactant synthesis and secretion and the potential effect of exogenous surfactant on the endogenous pulmonary surfactant system. A primary theme throughout is that an analysis of previous clinical trials involving surfactant replacement shows the necessity for strong interactions with related basic science investigations. It is suggested that future human infant surfactant replacement trials proceed deliberately, and include maximal correlations with basic in vitro research on lung surfactant biophysics and biochemistry and with experiments in animal models.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Phospholipid biosynthesis and secretion by a cell line (A549) which resembles type II aleveolar epithelial cells.

The A549 cell line is a continuous cell line derived from a human adenocarcinoma of the lung. At low cell population density the cells contain relatively few lamellar bodies, but in mature cells in very confluent cultures lamellar bodies are abundant. The lamellar bodies from these cells are enriched for phosphatidylcholine and disaturated phosphatidylcholine. In mature cells, 45% of newly synthesized phosphatidylcholine is disaturated. Stimulation with the calcium ionophore A23187 produces exocytosis of phosphatidylcholine (46% disaturated). The A549 cell synthesizes, stores in lamellar bodies, and secretes phosphatidylcholine, and thus has many important biological properties of the alveolar epithelial type II cell.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

31P nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for polyphosphoinositide associated with the hydrophobic segment of glycophorin A.

Glycophorin A, the major human erythrocyte sialoglycoprotein, contains a significant amount of phosphorus when isolated by the lithium diiodosalicylate-phenol procedure. Only a small percentage (approximately 1%) of this phosphorus is phosphoprotein. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of glycophorin A has identified the remaining phosphorus content as phospholipid in origin. From the 31P chemical shifts, the phospholipid has been identified as diphosphoinositide. 31P NMR spectra of the peptides produced by trypsin hydrolysis of glycophorin A reveal that all the diphosphoinositide is closely associated with the hydrophobic region of the protein, suggesting that there is a specific affinity between this phospholipid and the intramembranous portion of glycophorin A.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1977

Phosphorylation in membranes of intact human erythrocytes.

Studies of phosphorylation in membranes of intact human erythrocytes were performed by incubating erythrocytes in inorganic [32P]phosphate. Analysis of membrane proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a pattern of phosphorylation similar to that observed when ghost membranes were incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP. Membrane lipid phosphorylation was also similar in intact cells and ghosts. The most heavily phosphorylated lipid, polyphosphoinositide, was closely associated with glycophorin A, the major erythrocyte membrane sialoglycoprotein obtained when the sialoglycoprotein fraction was isolated by the lithium diiodosalicylate-phenol partition procedure. Only 1 molecule of glycophorin A out of every 100 was found to be phosphorylated, and the phosphate exchange occurred specifically in the COOH-terminal intracellular portion of glycophorin A. These studies show that the human erythrocyte can be used as a model for membrane phosphorylation in an intact cell system.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The phospholipids of rabbit type II alveolar epithelial cells: comparison with lung lavage, lung tissue, alveolar macrophages, and a human alveolar tumor cell line.

The phospholipid composition of type II alveolar epithelial cells from the rabbit was compared with that of alveolar macrophages, lung lavage and lung tissue. In addition, the phospholipid composition of a human alveolar tumor cell line, which is morphologically similar to type II cells, was examined. Phosphatidylcholine accounted for 48% of the total phospholipid in the type II cells, 41% in the tumor cells, and 30% in the macrophages. Phosphatidylcholine was 51% disaturated in the type II cells, 54% in lung lavage, 39% in whole lung, 29% in lavaged lung and macrophages, and 16% in the tumor cells. Palmitic acid was the major fatty acid in phosphatidylcholine from all samples with the exception of the tumor cells in which almost half of the fatty acids were accounted for by oleic acid. The phospholipids of the type II cells were more similar to those of lung lavage, and thus surfactant, than to lung tissue and macrophages. This is consistent with their supposed role in surfactant production. The tumor cells, although morphologically similar to type II cells, were quite different with respect to phospholipid composition.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Free association and repression-sensitization.

It was predicted that Subjects' scores on Byrne's Repression-Sensitization (R-S) Scale would be related to free associative style. When administered the R-S Scale, Subjects at the high and low extremes then took part in a free association task. Repressers manifested a prevalence of "avoidant" and sensitizers a prevalence of "approach" associations. However, this was true only of male Subjects.

Aggression↗
PubMed1975

Treatment of severe apnea in prematures with orally administered theophylline.

Twelve premature infants with primary apnea were treated with theophylline as an alternative to mechanical ventilation. There was a significant (P smaller than .005) reduction in the mean daily number and the severity of apneic episodes after treatment. The only significant side effect noted was a rise in heart rate.

Administration, Oral↗