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Biomedical subjects

D L Thompson

Publications and source records attributed to D L Thompson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Endocrine and metabolic response to muscarinic stimulation and inhibition in the ruminant: effects of slaframine.

The influence of slaframine (SF), a parasympathomimetic compound isolated from the fungus Rizoctonia leguminicola, on circulating metabolic hormone concentrations was investigated in goats. In Exp. 1, SF was administered i.v. at 0 (CONT), 50 (LSF), 100 (MSF), or 150 (HSF) microgram/kg.75 BW in four mature Spanish-cross does (average BW 36 +/- 7 kg) fitted with indwelling jugular vein catheters in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Plasma glucose peaked (P < .06) at 120 min with LSF and at 180 min with HSF and was higher (P <.06) than the CONT at these times. Glucose exhibited a quadratic response (P < .03) to SF. Area under the response curve for glucose differed (P < .02) in HSF from CONT and MSF. Insulin peaked (P < .01) at 240 min with MSF and at 180 min with HSF. Plasma triiodothyronine was maintained at a higher level (P < .03) with HSF. Thyroxine peaked (P < .06) at 120 min with MSF and 300 min with HSF. Plasma NEFA and somatotropin concentrations were not affected (P > .10) by SF. In Exp. 2, four mature Spanish-cross wethers (average BW 27 +/- 2 kg) fitted with jugular vein catheters were administered SF (0 and 114 micrograms/kg.75 BW) and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4DAMP; 0 and 258 micrograms/kg.75 BW), a M3-muscarinic receptor antagonist, i.v. in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. With SF, glucose peaked (P < .06) at 60 min and insulin peaked (P < .05) at 180 min. Plasma triiodothyronine levels were maintained (P < .05) with SF but declined with other treatments. Plasma NEFA and thyroxine concentrations remained unchanged regardless of treatment. Slaframine administration induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in goats; however, these changes were blocked by preadministration of isomolar quantities of the M3-muscarinic receptor antagonist, 4DAMP.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1995

Feed deprivation of mares: plasma metabolite and hormonal concentrations and responses to exercise.

Twelve light horse mares were fed a control diet that provided 100% of their maintenance protein and energy requirements for 7 d and were then either continued on the control diet or totally deprived of feed (with access to water) for 3 d . Plasma samples were drawn twice daily throughout the experiment, at 15-min intervals for 9 h beginning 45 h after feed removal, and at 10-min intervals around an exercise bout beginning 73 h after feed removal. Feed deprivation increased (P < or = .06) whole blood beta-hydroxybutyrate and plasma NEFA, urea N, L-lactate, and glucagon concentrations, decreased (P = .02) IGF-I concentrations, and did not change (P > .1) plasma glucose insulin, prolactin, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine concentrations. Exercise increased (P < .05) plasma NEFA, prolactin, and growth hormone (GH) concentrations in all mares. Plasma NEFA concentrations increased (P < .001) after exercise and remained increased in fed mares, but rapidly decreased in deprived mares (time x diet interaction, P = .006). Plasma glucose concentrations following exercise increased in deprived mares but decreased in fed mares (time x diet interaction, P = .07). The plasma prolactin response after exercise also differed between groups (P = .09). Feed-deprived mares had greater (P = .02) plasma GH concentrations before exercise (73 h after feed withdrawal) and had a greater (P < .001) GH peak at 10 min after initiation of exercise. The increase in secretion rate o GH due to feed deprivation in these mares was similar to that reported for other domestic species but was not nearly as great in magnitude.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effect of chromium tripicolinate on growth, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, plasma metabolites, and growth hormone in pigs.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of Cr as Cr tripicolinate (CrPic) on growth, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, plasma metabolites, and growth hormone (GH) in pigs. Pigs were fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with 200 micrograms of Cr/kg of diet as CrPic. Thirty (15 per diet, initial BW was 21.3 kg) and 24 (12 per diet, initial BW was 24.9 kg) crossbred barrows were used in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. The diets were formulated to provide 120% of the lysine requirement for 20- to 50-kg pigs. A glucose tolerance test (IVGTT; 500 mg of glucose/kg BW) and an insulin challenge test (IVICT; .1 IU of porcine insulin/kg BW) were conducted. In addition, during Exp. 1, a GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) challenge was conducted. All data were pooled across experiments, except where noted. Average daily gain, ADFI, gain/feed, and fasting (15 to 18 h) plasma glucose and total protein concentrations were not affected (P > .10) by dietary treatment. Fasting plasma cholesterol (P < .05) was increased and NEFA (Exp. 2 only, P < .02), urea N (P < .07), and insulin (P < .10) concentrations were decreased in pigs fed CrPic. During the IVGTT and IVICT, glucose disappearance rate (k, percentage/minute) was increased (P < .04) and glucose half-life (t1/2, minutes) was decreased (P < .04) in pigs fed CrPic; however, insulin kinetics were not altered (P > .10). During the GHRH challenge, pigs fed CrPic had decreased (P < .09) area under the response curve for GH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Dietary protein and(or) energy restriction in mares: plasma growth hormone, IGF-I, prolactin, cortisol, and thyroid hormone responses to feeding, glucose, and epinephrine.

Sixteen light horse mares were fed diets of bermudagrass hay and a corn/cottonseed hull-based supplement formulated to contain either 100% (control) or 50% (restricted) of the protein and(or) energy requirements for maintenance in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Plasma IGF-I, prolactin, cortisol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine were monitored for 33 d. On the 27th d, frequent blood samples were drawn throughout the day for the measurement of growth hormone (GH), and on the 29th d, an epinephrine challenge and an i.v. glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were performed in the morning and afternoon, respectively. Restriction of protein and(or) energy reduced (P < .001) plasma IGF-I concentrations within 24 h, and the effect persisted through the 24th d. Energy restriction decreased (P = .01) plasma cortisol concentrations, whereas thyroid hormones were not influenced (P > .1) by restriction of protein and(or) energy. Plasma prolactin concentrations were low throughout the experiment and after the IVGTT, but they increased (P = .003) after feeding. Protein restriction increased (P = .09) the occurrence of GH episodes during the 14-h feeding period on d 27; the greatest effect occurred in the mares restricted in both nutrients. In contrast, energy restriction reduced (P = .05) the GH response to epinephrine injection. We conclude that 1) protein deficiency in mares increases GH secretion, whereas energy restriction alone does not, 2) a deficiency in energy and(or) protein reduces IGF-I secretion, and 3) prolactin concentrations increase after feeding, even at a time of year when secretion rates are naturally low.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Early identification of patients at low risk of death after myocardial infarction and potentially suitable for early hospital discharge.

OBJECTIVES: To find (a) whether data available shortly after admission for acute myocardial infarction can provide a reliable prognostic indicator of survival at 28 days, and (b) whether such an indicator might be used to identify patients at low risk of death and suitable for early discharge. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of data collected on patients admitted to a coronary care unit for acute myocardial infarction. A validation sample was selected at random from these patients. SETTING: Coronary care units in Perth, Western Australia. SUBJECTS: 6746 patients aged under 65 and resident in the Perth Statistical Division who during 1984-92 were admitted to a coronary care unit with symptoms of myocardial infarction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sensitivity and specificity of several models for predicting survival at 28 days after myocardial infarction, and detailed performance characteristics of a particular model. RESULTS: Patients with a pulse rate of 100 beats/min or less, aged 60 or under, and with symptoms typical of myocardial infarction, no past history of myocardial infarction or diabetes, and no significant Q wave in the admission electrocardiogram had a very high chance of survival at 28 days (99.2%). These patients made up one third of all patients studied. CONCLUSION: The prognostic index identifies patients very soon after admission who are at low risk of death and potentially eligible for early discharge from hospital or the coronary care unit. Computing the index does not need complex cardiac investigations.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effects of acute caffeine withdrawal on habituated male runners.

This study investigated the effects of caffeine withdrawal on six trained caffeine-habituated male runners: age 29.8 +/- 5.8 (SD) yr, height 180.4 +/- 5.4 cm, weight 77.3 +/- 6.7 kg, maximal O2 uptake 63.0 +/- 5.4 ml.kg-1.min-1, and daily caffeine intake 674 +/- 128 mg. The subjects received a loading dose (5 mg/kg body wt) of caffeine 48 h before each testing session. They were then given (using a repeated-measures double-blind design) additional doses of caffeine (5 mg/kg body wt) or a placebo 36, 24, 12, and 2 h before testing. They ran at a velocity corresponding to their lactate threshold for 60 min in a caffeine withdrawal or caffeinated condition. Caffeine withdrawal resulted in no significant differences in absolute O2 uptake, O2 uptake relative to maximal O2 uptake, respiratory exchange ratios, or free fatty acid concentrations. Glycerol concentrations were significantly attenuated in the withdrawal condition. No significant differences were revealed in calculated substrate utilization. It was concluded that caffeine withdrawal significantly affects lipolysis but not substrate utilization during prolonged running.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Growth hormone and prolactin concentrations in plasma of horses: sex differences and the effects of acute exercise and administration of growth hormone-releasing hormone.

Three experiments were conducted to determine 1) the relationship between prolactin and growth hormone (GH) secretion in mares and the response to GH-releasing hormone (GHRH), 2) whether plasma GH and prolactin concentrations differed among mares, stallions, and geldings, and 3) whether sexual differences existed after administration of GHRH and acute exercise. In Exp. 1, 10-min blood samples were collected from 12 mares for 8 h, and GHRH (0, 45, 90, or 180 micrograms) was administered at 6 h. In Exp. 2, 15-min blood samples were collected for 4 h from 10 mares, stallions, and geldings. In Exp. 3, eight horses of each sexual status were administered GHRH at 0900; later that day, each horse was exercised for 5 min. Blood samples were collected every 10 min around each event. In Exp. 1, prolactin concentrations decreased (P < .01) over the 8-h period, and there was an average of 2.9 +/- .5 episodes of increased secretion during that time; there was no correlation between these episodes and those in GH secretion. Prolactin concentrations were not affected (P > .1) by GHRH. In Exp. 2, average concentrations of GH were 2.4, 8.6, and 8.5 ng/mL for mares, stallions, and geldings, respectively; males differed from females (P < .05). Stallions and geldings had more (P < .05) peaks in GH concentrations and greater (P < .05) amplitude of peaks than mares. In contrast, prolactin concentrations were greater (P < .02) in mares and stallions than in geldings. In Exp. 3, GH response to GHRH was greater (P < .03) in stallions than in mares or geldings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Changes in concentrations of hormones, metabolites, and amino acids in plasma of adult horses relative to overnight feed deprivation followed by a pellet-hay meal fed at noon.

Experiment 1 was conducted to characterize the concentrations of prolactin, growth hormone (GH), cortisol, insulin, glucagon, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), urea N, and 10 indispensable amino acids in the plasma of mares (n = 8) and stallions (n = 8) during the last 4 h of a 19-h period of feed deprivation and for 8 h after a noon meal. Experiment 2 was similar to Exp. 1 except that only stallions (n = 8) were used, and they were either fed (n = 4) or not fed (n = 4) at noon in a 2 x 2 Latin square design conducted over two sampling days 7 d apart. In Exp. 1, increases (P < .01) after feeding were observed for plasma concentrations of prolactin, cortisol, insulin, glucagon, glucose, urea N, and all amino acids except methionine; NEFA concentrations decreased (P < .01) after feeding. Episodic increases in GH concentrations were observed for most horses but were not associated with either feeding or gender (P > .1). Plasma urea N concentrations were higher (P < .025) overall in stallions than in mares, and the rise in prolactin concentrations after feeding was greater (P < .01) in stallions than in mares. In Exp. 2, meal-associated increases (P < .01) were observed for plasma concentrations of prolactin, insulin, glucagon, and glucose; NEFA concentrations decreased (P < .01). Except for cortisol, no hormone or metabolite varied with time across days when the stallions were not fed (P > .1), indicating that there was no inherent diurnal or feeding schedule-associated fluctuations in their concentrations. Cortisol concentrations varied (P < .02) over time but did not differ (P > .1) between fed and nonfed stallions. Again, GH concentrations were episodic but did not differ (P > .1) between fed and nonfed stallions. The lack of feeding effects on GH secretion in horses is similar to the response in pigs but differs from that in ruminants, in which GH concentrations generally decline after feeding.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1994

Influence of chromium picolinate on glucose usage and metabolic criteria in growing Holstein calves.

Holstein calves, 10 steers (98 +/- 16 kg; Exp. 1) and 14 heifers (122 +/- 7 kg; Exp. 2), were fed either corn-cottonseed hull basal diets (CON; 15.1 and 13.2% CP, respectively) or CON plus 370 micrograms/kg of Cr as Cr-tripicolinate (CrP). After either 58 (Exp. 1) or 56 (Exp. 2) days of ADG and DMI measurement, calves were individually fed 1.4% of their BW every 12 h through the end of each experiment. Nitrogen balance, i.v. glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT), i.v. insulin challenge tests (IVICT), baseline growth hormone (GH) measurements, and GH-releasing hormone challenges were then performed on calves in split groups on d 70 through 87 in Exp. 1. In Exp. 2, all challenges began on d 78 and N balance was not determined. Inclusion of CrP did not affect (P > .10) ADG, DMI, or ADG/DMI of pooled data from Exp. 1 and 2 or N balance criteria in Exp. 1. Plasma glucose, insulin, and NEFA concentrations were not affected (P > .10) by CrP. Total plasma cholesterol was lower (P < .05) for CrP- than for CON-fed calves at wk 4 in Exp. 1 and wk 6 in Exp. 2. During IVGTT, calves fed CrP vs CON had higher (P < .05) clearance rates for glucose in Exp. 1 (2.68 vs 1.88%/min) and in Exp. 2 (2.64 vs 2.08%/min). During IVICT, calves fed CrP vs CON had higher clearance rates for glucose in Exp. 1 (2.98 vs 2.34%/min; P = .12) and in Exp. 2 (2.89 vs 2.00%/min; P < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1994

Plasma concentrations of prolactin, glucose, insulin, urea nitrogen, and total amino acids in stallions after ingestion of feed or gastric administration of feed components.

Concentrations of prolactin, glucose, insulin, urea N, and total amino acids in plasma of stallions after ingestion of pelleted feed were compared to those after direct gastric administration of water, NaCl, egg albumin, or corn starch (Exp. 1) or water, egg albumin, hydrolyzed casein (Amicase), or a mixture of indispensable amino acids (Exp. 2). Stallions were fed once daily (75% pellet and 25% hay) at 1500 for 30 d. On d 22, 24, 26, 28, and 30, blood samples were collected every 30 min from 1 h before through 4 h after treatment, which occurred at 1100. In Exp. 1, there was a positive secretory response for prolactin (P = .013) only after the meal. Positive glucose and insulin responses were observed after the meal (P < .055) and after gastric administration of corn starch (P < .001). Total amino acids increased (P = .008) only after the meal. In Exp. 2, a positive prolactin response (P < .001) occurred after the meal and a negative response (P = .023) after administration of water; administration of Amicase increased (P = .061) prolactin concentrations after a 2.5-h delay. Positive responses were observed for glucose, insulin, and total amino acids after the meal (P < .001) and after administration of Amicase or the amino acid mixture (P < .026). Positive urea N responses were observed after administration of Amicase and the amino acid mixture (P < .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1994

The Americans with Disabilities Act: social policy and worldwide implications for practice.

The primary purpose of this article is to inform an international audience about the Americans with Disabilities Act, which is considered by some American humanists to be the most significant piece of legislation since the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964. A secondary purpose of the article will be to place the Americans with Disabilities Act within the context of a world socio-political climate that demands a framework for the care and empowerment of individuals with disabilities.

Australia↗
PubMed1994

Cloning and characterization of an abundant subtype of the human calcitonin receptor.

We have cloned and characterized a second form of the human calcitonin receptor from T47D cells. It resembles the clone described by Gorn et al. [J. Clin. Invest. 90:1726-1735 (1992)] except that it lacks a 16-amino acid insert in the putative first intracellular loop. The insert-negative receptor appears to be the most abundant form, and it occurs at a relatively constant level in all expressing tissues. In contrast, the insert-positive receptor is found at low levels in most tissues but its expression levels appear to be much more variable. The insert-negative cDNA was stably expressed in baby hamster kidney cells. Like the endogenous T47D receptor, the recombinant receptor has an equally high affinity for salmon and porcine calcitonin but a 3-4-fold lower affinity for human calcitonin. High concentrations of calcitonin gene-related peptide, rat amylin, secretin, or vasoactive intestinal peptide do not significantly compete with calcitonin for binding to the recombinant receptor. Calcitonin stimulates a cAMP response in both T47D and transfected baby hamster kidney cells. Salmon calcitonin is more potent than human calcitonin for T47D cells, but the two are nearly equipotent for the transfectants. Furthermore, the ED50 for the cAMP response in the transfectants is 10-100-fold lower than in T47D cells. Calcitonin stimulates inositol phosphate turnover and elevates internal calcium levels in the transfectants. This response requires non-physiological levels of calcitonin and is directly correlated with the number of receptors. Lastly, by using a human/rodent somatic cell hybrid panel and in situ hybridization, we localized the human calcitonin receptor gene to chromosome 7.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

A recombinant human calcitonin receptor functions as an extracellular calcium sensor.

Calcitonin, a peptide hormone active in calcium homeostasis, is used in the treatment of bone loss disorders because it inhibits osteoclast function. A human calcitonin receptor was cloned and expressed in baby hamster kidney cells. Three independent stable transfectants respond to calcitonin via increased intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP). We made the interesting observation that these cells also respond to millimolar increases in extracellular calcium via a rapid and sustained elevation in [Ca2+]i, whereas three calcitonin receptor-negative baby hamster kidney cell lines, two of which express recombinant receptors related to the calcitonin receptor, show no sensitivity to changes in extracellular calcium. The increase of [Ca2+]i in response to both calcitonin and extracellular calcium is a function of the average number of calcitonin receptors per cell. These studies suggest a dual role for the calcitonin receptor as a hormone receptor and an extracellular calcium sensor.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1993

Specificity effects of run versus cycle training on ventilatory threshold.

This study compared the effects of 9 weeks of run (RT) versus cycle (CT) training on ventilatory threshold (Thv) determined during treadmill (TM) and cycle ergometer (CE) graded exercise testing. Sixteen college age men were assigned to a RT or CT group and performed a TM and a CE test before and after training. Both training groups performed similar training protocols which initially consisted of continuous exercise 4 days.week-1 at 75-80% maximum heart rate (fc, max) for 45 min. Training intensity was later increased to 80-85% fc, max and interval training (90-95% fc, max) was incorporated 2 days.week-1 into the continuous training. Both groups showed significantly improved maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) on both TM and CE tests (P < 0.01) with no significant differences between the groups. Significant Thv increases (P < 0.05) were found on TM tests for RT (n = 8) and CT (n = 8) groups [mean (SD); 443 (438) and 373 (568) ml O2 x min-1, respectively] with no difference between the groups. Results from the CE tests revealed a significant Thv increase (P < 0.01) for the CT group [566 (663) ml O2 x min-1] with no change for the RT group. The Thv improvement noted for the RT group was significantly different (P < 0.05) comparing CE with TM tests but not for the CT group. The results indicate that CT and RT improvement in Thv for runners is dependent upon mode of training and testing, and there is an apparent dissociation of VO2 max and Thv specific to training.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cholinergic and opioid involvement in release of growth hormone during exercise and recovery.

Cholinergic and opioid pathways have been implicated as mediators of the increased growth hormone (GH) release observed during exercise. This study compared the GH responses induced by a moderate-intensity exercise bout during treatment with placebo (Plac), the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (Nalt), the indirect cholinergic agonist pyridostigmine (PD), or a combination of the two drugs (P + N). Ten active males served as subjects (age, 25.1 +/- 0.6 yr; wt, 79.7 +/- 2.5 kg; % body fat, 14.9 +/- 1.4; peak oxygen consumption, 46.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg-1 x min-1). Blood samples were drawn at 5-min intervals during the 4.5-h testing period to determine the GH concentration. The testing period was divided as follows: 0600-700 h = baseline, 0700-0800 h = preexercise, 0800-0830 h = exercise, and 0830-1030 h = recovery. Drugs were administered 1 h before exercise (at 0700 h). Exercise consisted of 30 min of cycling at an individualized work load previously found to elicit a blood lactate concentration of 2.5 mM. Heart rate, oxygen consumption, blood lactate, and blood glucose were measured throughout the exercise period. Results indicated that neither the resting GH concentration nor the metabolic parameters during exercise were altered by the treatments. Peak serum GH concentration was not significantly altered by the treatments (range 7.3 +/- 2.0 to 12.6 +/- 4.4 micrograms/l).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Androstanediol glucuronide production in human liver, prostate, and skin. Evidence for the importance of the liver in 5 alpha-reduced androgen metabolism.

Androstanediol glucuronide (Adiol G) has been reported to be a marker of peripheral androgen metabolism and action. It consists of two isomers, Adiol 3-G and Adiol 17-G. Adiol G is formed from unconjugated precursors by the enzyme glucuronyl transferase. To determine the likely source of Adiol G formation in man, we developed a glucuronyl transferase assay and measured the activity of this enzyme in human liver, abdominal and scalp skin, and prostate. In human liver, glucuronyl transferase activity was linear with respect to time (up to 120 min) and tissue concentration (up to 1 mg/ml). Apparent Michaelis-Menten constant Km (micromolar) and maximum velocity (Vmax) (picomoles per mg/30 min) were 5.6 and 140 for dihydrotestosterone, 8.9 and 1300 for androstanediol, and 3.1 and 46 for androsterone, respectively. Conversion of androstanediol to Adiol G (/0.5 mg tissue.30 min) was 5.8-13.2%. Over 80% of the Adiol G formed in human liver was Adiol 17-G, similar to what has been previously found in human serum. Glucuronyl transferase activity was present at low levels in human prostate (conversion of androstanediol to Adiol G was 0.04-4.6%/50 mg tissue.120 min). Analogous conversion rates (/50 mg tissue.120 min) for human scalp skin were 0.2-0.4% and for human abdominal skin were 0.07-0.14%. Although dihydrotestosterone may be converted to androstanediol in peripheral tissues such as skin and prostate, our results suggest that the principal site of androgen conjugation to glucuronic acid is the liver. The present results cast doubt upon the role of androstanediol glucuronide as a specific marker of cutaneous androgen metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of chromium picolinate on growth and serum and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs.

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate chromium picolinate (CrPic) in growing-finishing pigs. Treatments were replicated four times within each experiment with three pigs per replicate in Exp. 1 and four pigs per replicate in Exp. 2 and 3. Average initial weights were 37.8, 30.5, and 22.4 kg in Exp. 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In Exp. 1, the basal corn-soybean meal diet (B, 120% NRC Lys) was supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 ppb of Cr from CrPic. Daily gain was increased (Cr cubic, P < .02) and serum cholesterol decreased (Cr cubic, P < .08) by addition of CrPic. In Exp. 2, the basal diet was supplemented with 0, 100, 200, 400, or 800 ppb of Cr from CrPic. Daily gain and ADFI were decreased (Cr linear, P < .05) by CrPic. Serum cholesterol also was decreased (Cr quadratic, P < .05) by CrPic. Longissimus muscle area (LMA) and percentage of muscling (MUS) were increased (Cr quadratic, P < .01) and 10th rib fat (TRF) was decreased (Cr quadratic, P < .01) by CrPic. In Exp. 3, pigs were allotted to the following treatments: 1) B, 2) B + 1,467 ppb of picolinate (Pic), 3) B + 200 ppb of Cr from CrCl3.6H2O, 4) B + 1,467 ppb of Pic + 200 ppb of Cr from CrCl3.6H2O, 5) B + 100 ppb of Cr from CrPic, or 6) B + 200 ppb of Cr from CrPic. Longissimus muscle area and MUS were increased (P < .01) and TRF decreased (P < .01) in pigs fed CrPic but not in pigs fed CrCl3.6H2O and(or) Pic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗