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Biomedical subjects

D L Yirrell

Publications and source records attributed to D L Yirrell.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Heterotypic and homotypic re-inoculation of mice already latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1.

Mice were infected at 4 weeks of age with a type 1 strain of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and re-infected 4 weeks later with either a type 1 or a type 2 strain of HSV. The virus used for first infection could be distinguished from that used later since it was resistant to phosphonoformic acid and formed syncytial plaques. Sites used for the second inoculation were as follows: at the site of primary infection, at a different site within the same dermatome or in the equivalent dermatome on the opposite side (also called "remote" site). Re-infection caused no detectable reactivation of the latent PFA resistant virus. After re-infection with a homotypic virus replication of the re-infecting virus was limited to the inoculation site. However after heterotypic re-infection the type 2 strain was occasionally isolated from the ganglia. Previous infection with the PFA resistant type 1 strain clearly reduced the ability of the homotypic or heterotypic strains to establish a latent infection. However, in a few animals ganglia were found to be latently infected with virus from both the first and second inoculations. Analysis of the results suggests that resistance to the establishment of a second latent infection in a ganglion is determined by the general immunity of the animal rather than "immunity" of the latently infected ganglion itself.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Immune response of lambs to experimental infection with Orf virus.

A group of six specific pathogen free (SPF) lambs were infected epidermally with Orf virus. Seven weeks later they were reinfected. For a period of 4 weeks after each inoculation they were observed clinically and blood was collected for analysis of virus specific antibody measured by ELISA and peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) proliferative response to various viral antigens. After the primary infection all animals showed clinical signs of Orf, namely vesicle formation which became pustular followed by scabbing; this steadily became heavier prior to shedding and the resolution of the infection by about 4 weeks. The severity of infection varied within the group. Little lymphoproliferative activity was recorded during the primary infection, although five/six test animals had positive lymphoproliferative responses to an sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) solubilised scab purified Orf virus preparation at some point between days 7 and 14 after inoculation. All animals seroconverted to Orf virus, lymphoproliferative activity always preceding specific antibody detection. Resolution of the secondary infection was very rapid. Vesicles were visible by day 2 after inoculation which became pustular followed by scab formation and resolution in the majority of animals by day 8. All animals showed a significant (greater than four-fold) rise in specific antibody titre following secondary inoculation. The proliferative activity of PBL's was much greater than that recorded for the primary infection although the magnitude of this response varied greatly between individuals.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The influence of androgens on paralysis in mice following intravenous inoculation of herpes simplex virus.

In mice, intravenous inoculation of relatively avirulent strains of herpes simplex virus [e.g. P2C6, a mutant of strain CL(101), deficient in thymidine kinase] produced infection in the adrenal gland and mid-spinal cord followed by hind limb paralysis without death. Male mice were less susceptible to paralysis than female mice. Castration of male mice before inoculation increased their susceptibility to that of female animals; treatment with testosterone reversed this change. The differences in susceptibility to paralysis in the various categories of animal were not reflected in differences in growth of virus in the adrenal gland or spinal cord.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1986

Infection of the adrenal gland as a route to the central nervous system after viraemia with herpes simplex virus in the mouse.

Intravenous inoculation of 4-week-old female NIH (inbred) mice with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strain P2C6 (defective in thymidine kinase) produced bilateral hind limb paralysis in nearly all animals by the 5th day after inoculation; very few mice died. In male mice the incidence and severity of paralysis was considerably lower than in females. The parental strain, CL(101), produced similar paralysis but all mice died by day 7. Observations on paralysis and death after intravenous inoculation are given for other strains of HSV-1 and HSV-2. By day 1 after inoculation of P2C6 significant virus replication had occurred in the adrenal glands but in none of the other organs tested. Titres of virus were similar in the adrenal glands of male and female mice. Histology of the adrenals showed most extensive replication in the cortex with some involvement of the medulla, particularly at the corticomedullary junction. By the 2nd and 3rd days, virus was detected in the lower thoracic spinal cord of both male and female animals but clearance was possibly quicker from males. Adrenalectomy proved that virus reached the cord via the adrenals. In the cord the infection was associated with bilateral demyelination in the ventral white matter as early as day 3.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of the continuous cell line 293 with human embryo kidney cells and human embryo fibroblast cells for the cultivation of ocular viruses.

The continuous cell line 293 was evaluated as a replacement for primary human embryo kidney (HEK) cells in the cultivation of ocular viruses. The 293 cells were found to be as sensitive as HEK cells and human embryo fibroblast (HEF) cells for the cultivation of adenoviruses and herpes simplex virus (HSV) respectively. As a continuous cell line, 293 cells are preferable to HEK and HEF cells for the routine isolation of ophthalmic viruses.

Adenoviridae↗