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Biomedical subjects

D Labbé

Publications and source records attributed to D Labbé.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Lengthening temporalis myoplasty and transfacial nerve graft (VII-V). Technical note].

Authors report the first five cases of lengthening temporalis myoplasty associated with transfacial nerve grafting. After a follow-up period of 10 months and 8 months for the 2 first cases, temporalis reinnervation by the facial nerve could be observed. Nerve growth was documented by electromyography. Three other cases have been performed using this technique and are in the nerve growth phase. Operative technique is described in detail. Transfacial nerve grafting seems to help the transposed temporalis muscle obtain more facial function and therefore, improve the quality of the spontaneous smile. The temporalis muscle become double innervated (trigeminal and facial nerve). It should be indicated in children, young adults or in patients in whom physical therapy will be difficult.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed2003

Characterization of hydrocarbon-degrading microbial populations in contaminated and pristine Alpine soils.

Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in cold environments, including Alpine soils, is a result of indigenous cold-adapted microorganisms able to degrade these contaminants. In the present study, the prevalence of seven genotypes involved in the degradation of n-alkanes (Pseudomonas putida GPo1 alkB; Acinetobacter spp. alkM; Rhodococcus spp. alkB1, and Rhodococcus spp. alkB2), aromatic hydrocarbons (P. putida xylE), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (P. putida ndoB and Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1 nidA) was determined in 12 oil-contaminated (428 to 30,644 mg of total petroleum hydrocarbons [TPH]/kg of soil) and 8 pristine Alpine soils from Tyrol (Austria) by PCR hybridization analyses of total soil community DNA, using oligonucleotide primers and DNA probes specific for each genotype. The soils investigated were also analyzed for various physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters, and statistical correlations between all parameters were determined. Genotypes containing genes from gram-negative bacteria (P. putida alkB, xylE, and ndoB and Acinetobacter alkM) were detected to a significantly higher percentage in the contaminated (50 to 75%) than in the pristine (0 to 12.5%) soils, indicating that these organisms had been enriched in soils following contamination. There was a highly significant positive correlation (P < 0.001) between the level of contamination and the number of genotypes containing genes from P. putida and Acinetobacter sp. but no significant correlation between the TPH content and the number of genotypes containing genes from gram-positive bacteria (Rhodococcus alkB1 and alkB2 and Mycobacterium nidA). These genotypes were detected at a high frequency in both contaminated (41.7 to 75%) and pristine (37.5 to 50%) soils, indicating that they are already present in substantial numbers before a contamination event. No correlation was found between the prevalence of hydrocarbon-degradative genotypes and biological activities (respiration, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, lipase activity) or numbers of culturable hydrocarbon-degrading soil microorganisms; there also was no correlation between the numbers of hydrocarbon degraders and the contamination level. The measured biological activities showed significant positive correlation with each other, with the organic matter content, and partially with the TPH content and a significant negative correlation with the soil dry-mass content (P < 0.05 to 0.001).

Altitude↗
PubMed2002

[Therapeutic approach of cleft lip and palate at Caen University Hospital].

The therapeutic approach of facial cleft in Caen University Hospital depend on two teams: primary treatment by the Pediatric Plastic Unit (60 cases/year), and secondary treatment by the department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery (more than 30 cases/year). The lip closure is realised before the age of one month with the Tennisson's technic. The palate closure is performed between 6 and 12 months old. Each patient is presented at a multidisciplinary consultation which include a surgeon, an orthodontist, an orthophonist, a psychologist and otologist. At about 5 years old, the orthodontic approach begins with palatal expansion with a modified quadhelix to prepare function its treatment is underwent at this age too. After the age of 9-10 years the orthodontic treatment continued on the permanent teeth. If necessary, the sequelae on maxilla, lips and nose are treated at the end of the adolescence.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2002

[The temporal periosteum: anatomical study and surgical implications].

The periosteum of the temporal area is mentioned at different places in the literature: either against the osseous plane like everywhere in the human body, or between the deep and the superficial temporal fascia. The subperiosteal subtemporal approach in craniofacial surgery in children is in favour of a juxta-osseous localization of the periosteum. Ten premature still-born neonates and two adults cadavers have been dissected for this study and, permit anatomical and histological (with HES coloration) studies. With every specimen, the authors concluded that the temporal periosteum is against the outer table of the calvarium. It became thinner in adults because of direct insertions of the temporalis muscle in the calvaria. An anatomical description of the layers of the temporal area is realised and discussed with an extensive review of the literature. The authors have proposed a subperiosteal subtemporal approach in craniostenosis surgery.

Fascia↗
PubMed2002

[Surgical procedures for labial reanimation in facial paralysis].

With an extensive review of the literature, the authors described the surgical approach of the labial reanimation in facial palsy. First they remind some important points about neural suture, with or without graft. After, the palliatives procedures are detailed (upper and lower lip, unilateral or bilateral). The main surgical treatments are exposed in technical notes, particularly lengthening temporalis myoplasty and free muscle transplantation.

Facial Paralysis↗
PubMed2002

[Lip kinetic disorders].

There are many lips kinetic disorders whose clinical appearances greatly differ. An acute examination directs toward the diagnosis on a neurologic, neurogenous, muscular, myogenous, medicamentous, dermatological or psychiatric etiology. The authors review the different etiologies that have to be discussed, in order to choose the appropriate further investigations and specialized examinations, before a possible surgical treatment.

Facial Paralysis↗
PubMed2002

[Indications for labial reanimation in facial paralysis].

The therapeutic approach of labial reanimation depends on several points, like the association with others abnormalities, the palsy which can be complete or partial, the age of the patient and the practice of the surgical team. Nevertheless, the authors try to propose a surgical approach of labial reanimation in facial palsy, depending on the facial nerve which can be reparable or not, and on the facial muscles which can be used or not. At least, the indications in partial labial palsy are recalled.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Early surgical treatment of Cyrano-nose haemangiomas with Rethi incision.

Nasal haemangiomas may cause great social distress. Complete involution of these haemangiomas does not usually result in a return to normality. The subcutaneous tumour infiltrates the alar cartilages, resulting in a globular aspect of the nasal tip. In this location, haemangiomas are slow to regress, and contour deformities result from the fibrofatty tissue that remains after total involution and also from definitive deformation of the nasal cartilages. Surgery to remove the affected tissue and preserve the anatomy seems to be the best treatment for these tumours. We report six cases of nasal haemangiomas removed using the Rethi incision and a double rim incision. This procedure allows complete dissection of the tumour, and leaves only a small scar. The alar cartilages are returned to their anatomical position to allow normal growth. Surgery is performed at around 2 years of age; skin excision is not necessary because spontaneous skin retraction occurs. Our patients were evaluated by their parents, the surgeon and members of the dermatology staff not involved in their treatment. Pain, scar and final aspect were evaluated using statistical analysis. The parents and surgeon rated the postoperative results as very satisfactory or satisfactory. The dermatology staff also reported improvement after surgery. The scar is nearly invisible and the procedure allows excision of large nasal haemangiomas.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2002

Gene cloning and characterization of multiple alkane hydroxylase systems in Rhodococcus strains Q15 and NRRL B-16531.

The alkane hydroxylase systems of two Rhodococcus strains (NRRL B-16531 and Q15, isolated from different geographical locations) were characterized. Both organisms contained at least four alkane monooxygenase gene homologs (alkB1, alkB2, alkB3, and alkB4). In both strains, the alkB1 and alkB2 homologs were part of alk gene clusters, each encoding two rubredoxins (rubA1 and rubA2; rubA3 and rubA4), a putative TetR transcriptional regulatory protein (alkU1; alkU2), and, in the alkB1 cluster, a rubredoxin reductase (rubB). The alkB3 and alkB4 homologs were found as separate genes which were not part of alk gene clusters. Functional heterologous expression of some of the rhodococcal alk genes (alkB2, rubA2, and rubA4 [NRRL B-16531]; alkB2 and rubB [Q15]) was achieved in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas expression systems. Pseudomonas recombinants containing rhodococcal alkB2 were able to mineralize and grow on C(12) to C(16) n-alkanes. All rhodococcal alkane monooxygenases possessed the highly conserved eight-histidine motif, including two apparent alkane monooxygenase signature motifs (LQRH[S/A]DHH and NYXEHYG[L/M]), and the six hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions found in all alkane monooxygenases related to the Pseudomonas putida GPo1 alkane monooxygenase. The presence of multiple alkane hydroxylases in the two rhodococcal strains is reminiscent of other multiple-degradative-enzyme systems reported in Rhodococcus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

[Contribution of the semi-free radial forearm flap for head and neck reconstruction].

Flap failure is mostly caused by venous thrombosis of the anastomosis. The failure rate is higher in post-irradiated neck. To reduce the risk of venous thrombosis, the authors propose to harvest the radial forearm flap using the cephalic vein as the drainage vein and as a pedicle. Only a single arterial anastomosis is carried out. This technique has been described already in patients who underwent head and neck ablative surgery with radical neck dissection. The authors report 2 cases in patients with post-irradiated neck. The flap transfers were successful in the 2 cases. The operative time of harvesting this hybrid version is the same with the conventional free flap technique. This version of the radial forearm flap can be a method of choice for some complex microvascular reconstruction in the head and neck region.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Lengthening temporalis myoplasty].

Use of the temporal muscle to raise the lips is a very old technique. In 1934, Gillies folded the temporal muscle over the zygoma to the lip subcutaneously. In 1952, MacLaughlin proposed to attach the temporal muscle tendon to the lips. With this aponeurotic relay there is a risk of lengthening and necrosis, the main cause of long-term failure. Taking inspiration from Maclaughlin, lengthening myoplasty lowers the temporal muscle as a whole descending the tendon to the lip, thus obtaining lengthening from the posterior part.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[The three-dimensional spiral scanner and volume rendering technique: importance in craniofacial traumatology and reconstructive surgery].

There are two reconstruction methods for 3D imaging with a helical scanner: a surface rendering process providing a 3D-SSD (Surface Shaded Display) image that looks like a plaster cast skull and 3D-VRD (Volume Rendering Technique) which is more precise and gives 3D images similar to radiographs. We review briefly the techniques used to acquire these images and present 3D volume-rendering scanners, pointing out its usefulness in craniomaxillofacial traumatology and reconstructive surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Cysts from the first branchial cleft. Apropos of a case ].

We describe a case of branchial cyst from the first branchial cleft in an 8-year-old patient, emphasizing the diagnostic difficulties of this type of lesion and the clinical aspects as well as the details of surgical treatment. The embryogenic origin and the anatomic relation with the facial nerve is recalled. Surgical treatment is indicated.

Branchioma↗
PubMed2001

[Distraction osteogenesis for the premaxillary reconstruction. Report of 3 cases].

Reconstructing the premaxillary is well-known for being difficult and usually requires a bone implant, in grafts or flaps. This technique has a high morbidity rate and its middle or long term results remain uncertain. Thanks to their experience and to the results they achieved in mandible and maxillary osteogenic distraction, the authors suggest applying the principle of distraction osteogenesis to the premaxillary reconstruction. Three patients have been treated: first, two hypoplasias of the premaxillary, sequelae of a cleft palate and of a former traumatic loss of teeth; secondly one premaxillary defect following a gunshot wound. The first two were women, the other one was man, all adults. For premaxillary distraction, an intraoral extramucosa device is made-up for each individual case before the surgical operation itself and after an orthognathic analysis. The surgical operation consists in a classical segmental maxillary osteotomy which respects the palatal periosteum, and also in fitting a distractor device with transmucosa screws into the palatal bone. In each of the three cases, with a follow-up from 24 to four months, the reconstruction of the premaxillary by distraction osteogenesis is considered satisfactory and stable as regards both bone and soft tissues. This achieves particularly a very good expansion of the fibrous mucosa of the palate which makes it possible to re-insert false teeth, with or without implants into the bone. The principle of distraction osteogenesis applied to premaxillary reconstruction has shown, in our cases, very good functional and aesthetic results. Yet the techniques we used are simple and have a low morbidity rate; secondly the distraction device is easy to design and little expansive.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Mandibular distraction osteogenesis and dental rehabilitation by osseointegrated implants. A case report] ].

The authors report a case of mandibular reconstruction by distraction osteogenesis. The patient presented an interrupting mandibular defect secondary to a gunshot injury. The distraction osteogenesis permitted the reconstruction of the mandible without bone grafts or flaps. The attached gingiva on the alveolar ridge was also recreated by the distraction and allowed a dental rehabilitation by osseointegrated implants.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

[Facial paralysis in oto-mandibular dysplasia. Clinical study and therapeutic implications].

The percentage of facial palsy in the otomandibular dysostosis is great. It varies from 12 to 50% in the literature. The OMENS classification embodies the muscular and facial nerve defects, and appears to represent the most inclusive classification. Few literature reviews have proposed a treatment of the facial palsy in the otomandibularis dysostosis. The authors proposed a treatment protocol depending on the patient's age. The patients before one year of age are treated with the Iñigo's technique, which provide reinnervation to the affected muscles through a crossed facial nerve graft. After one-year old, the surgical approach is realised at five to seven years old to permit a physical therapy. The upper lip is reanimated by the lengthening temporalis myoplasty or by free muscle transplantation with nerve graft. The orbital area treatment of the paralyzed side can included a lengthening of the upper eyelid levator muscle, an asymmetric lateral tarsorraphy and a chondromucous graft.

Ear, External↗
PubMed2001

[Anatomical study of the temporalis tendon. Value in temporalis lengthening myoplasty].

The lengthening temporalis myoplasty is indicated in long standing and congenital facial paralysis. Its principle is the transfer of the coronoid tendinous insertions onto the lip and the nasolabial fold. The knowledge of the anatomy of this strong and wide tendon is necessary to use successfully their anatomical advantages. A study of ten cadavers (20 temporalis muscles) confirmed the surgical anatomy found during lengthening temporalis myoplasty procedure: the strong tendon, when liberated from the coronoid process, is from 4 to 6 cm long.

Cadaver↗