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Biomedical subjects

D Lambert

Publications and source records attributed to D Lambert.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation by human liver microsomes.

As a substrate for human liver microsomes, ethoxyresorufin appears to be metabolised by a group of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes which are inducible by cigarette smoking. Kinetic studies in microsomes from four human livers indicate that only one enzyme component is involved over the full substrate range. Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation activity at both high and low substrate concentrations correlated with the high affinity component of ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation and of diphenyloxazole metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Long-term effect of bran ingestion on lipid metabolism in healthy man.

The long-term effect of the addition of 20 g wheat bran to the diet is studied over 7 weeks in 4 healthy subjects. No change is found in plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol. In this experimental design, we find no modification in the plasma levels of the various lipoproteins, except for VLDL cholesterol, which remains significantly lower after 7 weeks of wheat bran ingestion.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Vesiculo-bullous lupus erythematosus. Immuno-electronic study].

The authors present a case suggesting either bullous systemic lupus erythematosus of dermatitis herpetiformis. An immunoelectron microscopic study located the immunoglobulin deposits beneath the cutaneous basement membrane zone. The nosological problem of possible relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Mycosis fungoides and radiotherapy. Value of the combination: total skin electron therapy and whole-body photon therapy].

Between 1975 and 1983, 46 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) were treated with radiotherapy. The patients were classified according to the Stanford system (table II) and to the TNMB system (table III). The superficial lesions were treated with total skin electron-therapy (TSE) (7), and the visceral and lymph node lesions received additional whole-body photon therapy (WBP) (7). The results are summarized in table I. Initial complete regression was obtained in 21 of the 46 patients; 15 had partial regression. At the moment, 11 are alive without any apparent lesion. There were 9 complete remissions in each of the stage I and stage II groups. In stages III and IVa groups the course of the disease was improved by the two types of irradiation combined. In stage IVb patients the leukaemia was not improved. The survival curves (fig. 1 to 6) offer a simplified representation of the factors responsible for a favourable course.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Association of microwaves and ionizing radiation: potentiation of teratogenic effects in the rat.

Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to either microwave-induced hyperthermia or gamma radiation or a combination of both. In microwave-induced hyperthermia, a core temperature of 42 degrees C was slightly teratogenic and a core temperature greater than or equal to 43 degrees C was highly teratogenic. Gamma radiation at 40 cGy was subteratogenic, while a dose of 75 cGy was highly teratogenic. A combination of microwave-induced hyperthermia up to 42 degrees C with 40 cGy of gamma radiation was highly teratogenic, indicating a mutual potentiation of the embryotoxic action of these two teratogens.

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗
PubMed1985

Screening for hypothermia in the ambulatory elderly. The Maine experience.

This study investigated the prevalence of low body temperatures in 97 elderly and 20 nonelderly subjects. To the best of our knowledge, no earlier survey has been conducted with a North American population. To ensure comparability with the British National Survey performed in 1973, urine temperatures were collected as a proxy measure of core temperatures. The urine-collecting funnel was modified to minimize cooling artifact introduced by the device. Study subjects were selected from an internal medicine clinic that serves the poor, a federally subsidized housing project, and a subsidized housing project in northernmost Maine. A youthful population (mean age, 32.3 years) was chosen to provide a comparative population to elderly participants (mean age, 73.9 years). Based on the British National Survey, the expected prevalence of low body temperatures (less than 35.5 degrees C) was 10%. The present study detected no low body temperatures, and the average urine and mouth temperatures were 0.3 and 0.19 degree C warmer, respectively, than those in the British National Survey. Youthful subjects were not significantly different from elderly participants. There appears to be no evidence from this study that low early-morning basal body temperature (less than 35.5 degrees C) is a common geriatric occurrence in ambient room temperature.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Carotid ultrasonography--the new "gold standard". Surgical and angiographic correlation.

Atherosclerotic plaques and high grade stenosis in the carotid circulation are responsible for symptoms of cerebral and retinal ischemia. Identification of these lesions by angiography has been the "gold standard" for which the decision of endarterectomy depended. The recent introduction of high resolution carotid ultrasonography has allowed us to compare thirty-seven surgical specimens with the results of preoperative screening with angiography. UCI had a 97% correlation whereas angiography was accurate only 70%. More importantly there were ten negative angiograms in patients with clinically active ulcerative plaque disease. If surgery were based solely on the angiographic appearance of ulcerative plaques or high grade stenosis, then less than half of the patients have received the correct treatment. UCI deserves to be considered the new reference standard.

Angiography↗
PubMed1985

Focal vascular headaches with focal arterial disease. An ultrasonographic analysis.

The relationship between migraine and premature stroke and heart disease has been firmly established in the literature. The probable mechanism relates to release of vasoactive agents locally that produce intimal changes and if chronic may lead to permanent changes to the artery. We have attempted to identify individuals at risk for premature stroke utilizing the highly accurate B-mode real time carotid ultrasonogram. Sixteen patients demonstrated varying degrees of focal dilatation or plaque disease and 44% had abnormal Doppler flow studies. Since many of these patients were asymptomatic during the examination it is suggested that vascular changes may be more persistent than were previously suspected. These plaques, in the setting of increased platelet aggregability may be responsible for the augmented risk of stroke. Precise identification of these individuals can be easily accomplished with B-mode real time scanning (High resolution), and will allow for safe followup if specific dietary or drug interventions are contemplated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Longitudinal analysis of categorical epidemiological data: a study of Three Mile Island.

The accident at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in 1979 led to an unprecedented set of events with potentially life threatening implications. This paper focusses on the analysis of a longitudinal study of the psychological well-being of the mothers of young children living within 10 miles of the plant. The initial analyses of the data utilize loglinear/logit model techniques from the contingency table literature, and involve the fitting of a sequence of logit models. The inadequancies of these analyses are noted, and a new class of mixture models for logistic response structures is introduced to overcome the noted shortcomings. The paper includes a brief outline of the methodology relevant for the fitting of these models using the method of maximum likelihood, and then the model is applied to the TMI data. The paper concludes with a discussion of some of the substantive implications of the mixture model analysis.

Accidents↗
PubMed1985

2,5-Diphenyloxazole as a probe for microsomal mono-oxygenation in human and rat liver.

2,5-Diphenyloxazole (PPO) is metabolized to one major fluorescent product by human liver and rat liver microsomes. PPO metabolism by human-liver microsomes involves more than one cytochrome P-450 isozyme, termed low-affinity and high-affinity components. At a substrate concentration of 0.1 microM, 95% of activity is due to the high-affinity component whereas at 100 microM 69% of activity is due to the low-affinity component. Inhibition studies with metyrapone and alpha-naphthoflavone at 0.1 microM and 100 microM suggest that the high-affinity component may reflect a 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible form of cytochrome. Therefore studies at low substrate concentrations may be a useful tool for cytochrome P-450 studies in man. Rat liver microsomes show linear kinetics indicating the involvement of one major form of cytochrome P-450.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Vitamin E and lipoproteins in hyperlipoproteinemia.

The composition of vitamin E in serum and lipoproteins was determined in type I, IIa, IIb, IV and IV hyperlipoproteinemia and in normal subjects. Vitamin E was not specifically associated with any one of the lipoproteins but increased vitamin E levels were observed in VLDL when triacylglycerols level was increased (types IIb and IV); the same observations were noted in LDL when cholesterol level was increased (type IIa).

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1984

[Drug eruptions caused by lithium salts].

The systemic complications of therapy with lithium are well known, but toxidermia has only been recognised since 1968. The carbonate (Teralithe) is the lithium salt which is mainly responsible, leading to minor dermatoses: oedema, pruritus, alopecia, urticaria, purpura, allergic vasculitis, pretibial ulceration. Some more specific conditions have been individualised by their severity and rarity: acne form eruptions, seborrheic dermatitis, follicular keratoses and psoriasis-like dermatosis as well as true psoriasis induced or aggravated by lithium. The authors review the literature and discuss the pathogenesis of these toxidermias. The cause of some dermatoses can be explained, especially the allergic vasculitis and psoriasis lesions. The underlying mechanism of most of these conditions remains unknown, but excessive tissue concentrations of the drug probably play an important role in inducing these complications.

Acne Vulgaris↗