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Biomedical subjects

D Landis

Publications and source records attributed to D Landis.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Analysis of broadband x-ray spectra of highly charged krypton from a microcalorimeter detector of an electron-beam ion trap.

Spectra of highly charged Kr ions, produced in an electron-beam ion trap (EBIT), have been recorded in a broad x-ray energy band (0.3 keV to 4 keV) with a microcalorimeter detector. Most of the spectral lines have been identified as transitions of B- to Al-like Kr. The transition energies have been determined with 0.2% uncertainty. A semi-empirical EBIT plasma model has been created to calculate a synthetic spectrum of highly charged Kr and to determine a charge state distribution of Kr ions inside the EBIT.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

DNA biochip using a phototransistor integrated circuit.

This work describes the development of an integrated biosensor based on phototransistor integrated circuits (IC) for use in medical detection, DNA diagnostics, and gene mapping. The evaluation of various system components developed for an integrated biosensor microchip is discussed. Methods to develop a microarray of DNA probes on nitrocellulose substrate are discussed. The biochip device has sensors, amplifiers, discriminators, and logic circuitry on board. Integration of light-emitting diodes into the device is also possible. To achieve improved sensitivity, we have designed an IC system having each phototransistor sensing element composed of 220 phototransistor cells connected in parallel. Measurements of fluorescent-labeled DNA probe microarrays and hybridization experiments with a sequence-specific DNA probe for the human immunodeficiency virus 1 system on nitrocellulose substrates illustrate the usefulness and potential of the DNA biochip.

Biosensing Techniques↗
PubMed1996

Recruitment of purinergically stimulated Cl- channels from granule membrane to plasma membrane.

HT29-Cl.16E and HT29-Cl.19A are two different subcloned cell lines derived from the human adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29. They are similar in their ability to grow and differentiate to polarized epithelial cells but differ in that HT29-Cl.16E is goblet cell-like with many mucin granules, whereas HT29-Cl.19A lacks mucin granules. Extracellular ATP stimulates Cl- secretion in both cell lines through luminal purinergic P20 receptors and, in HT29-Cl.16E, also mucin secretion release. To evaluate whether fusion of mucin granules is associated with an increase in Cl- conductance of the plasma membrane, the effects of two fusion inhibitors on luminal Cl- conductance were measured. Blockage of actin depolymerization with phalloidin (1 microM) inhibited purinergically stimulated but not adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-stimulated luminal Cl- efflux by 50% in HT29-Cl.16E. The same treatment was without effect in HT29-Cl.19A. The fungal metabolite wortmannin, which is an inhibitor of regulated exocytosis in leukocytes, at 100 nM inhibited Cl- secretion by 70% in HT29-Cl.16E. This inhibition was not a direct effect on purinergically stimulated Cl- channels because wortmannin concentrations of up to 1 microM did not affect the secretory response in HT29-Cl.19A. The wortmannin inhibition of Cl- secretion is associated with an inhibition of granule fusion as judged by electron microscopy. The differential inhibition of Cl- secretion in the related HT-29 clones that differ with respect to the presence of mucin granules indicates that 1) the granule fusion inhibitors, phalloidin and wortmannin, have no direct inhibitory effects on purinergically and cAMP-activated Cl- channels, 2) a major portion of purinergically but not cAMP-activated Cl- channels is associated with granule fusion in HT29-Cl.16E, and 3) the signaling pathways for Cl- secretion and granule fusion are not completely identical.

Actins↗
PubMed1996

Good clinical outcome in a patient with a large CT scan hypodensity treated with intra-arterial urokinase after an embolic stroke.

Hypodense regions demonstrated by CT within 6 hours of the onset of stroke may reflect irreversibly damaged tissue, and some have suggested that patients with such findings should be spared the risks of thrombolytic therapy since they are unable to benefit from it. We report here a patient with a low-density area demonstrated by CT less than 6 hours after onset of symptoms who improved dramatically after successful intra-arterial thrombolysis.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1991

Information systems form large part of strategic plan.

Strategic planning is often a low priority for community hospitals because it is often too impractical. The difference for Ed McFall, chief information officer at Pitt County Memorial Hospital (PCMH) in Greenville, N.C., is that his hospital's and affiliated medical school's information systems plans work.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1990

National cardiac registry allows outcomes comparison.

Quality, better patient outcomes and cost-containment are high on the healthcare agenda for the '90s. Comparison of clinical treatments over a broad range of episodes and variables can help physicians and researchers determine highly effective--and cost-effective--treatments. A national database, the Merged Cardiac Registry, has taken a big step toward that end.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Defibrillation safety in emergency helicopter transport.

Rotary aircraft play a growing role in the transport of critically ill patients who may require emergency treatment, including defibrillation, during transport. The close quarters and proximity of vital electronic equipment have generated concern among personnel carrying out defibrillation in the air. We address the chief safety issues in helicopter defibrillation by providing measurements of the transient leakage current resulting from contact with a paddle and tested in-flight electronic interference and survey the defibrillation experience of helicopter programs. Our data show that airborne defibrillation is safe. A maximum of 1.5 mA of transient leakage current was measured from a standard battery-powered defibrillator, well within the accepted safety standard of 50 mA. In flight, there was no interference with the avionics or medical equipment, and adequate clearance was available for personnel. Of the helicopter programs surveyed, 69 (87%) had defibrillated in flight without incident. We conclude that defibrillation can be performed in the helicopter without hesitation whether on the ground or in the air, provided standard defibrillation precautions are observed.

Aircraft↗
PubMed1988

Case management service provision and client change.

The present study examines the relationship between case management service provision to the chronically mentally ill and consequent client change. Subjects were clients who had been in the Mississippi case management system for at least six months. It was predicted that the services of linkage/referral and advocacy would account for the most change in the number of problems and severity of problems on the part of the client. However, less than three percent of the variance in overall client change was explained by all five services combined. Results are discussed in light of certain constraints within the system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Safety of helicopter transport and out-of-hospital intravenous fibrinolytic therapy in patients with evolving myocardial infarction.

Of 150 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction transported by helicopter for acute intervention, 55 had intravenous thrombolytic therapy (tissue plasminogen activator in 12, streptokinase in 43) initiated prior to transfer. Patients were transported 55 +/- 10 ground miles in 17 +/- 6 minutes and no patient died or experienced bleeding or hemodynamic instability during transfer. Patients receiving thrombolytic therapy had a higher incidence of arrhythmias during transit compared to the untreated group, ventricular tachycardia in six and third-degree atrioventricular block in one compared to ventricular tachycardia in one patient, respectively (p = 0.005). However, these arrhythmias were transient and did not require cardioversion, temporary pacing, or further antiarrhythmic medical treatment. Chest pain was relieved or decreased more frequently in the patients receiving thrombolytic therapy vs. those untreated; 21 of 55 vs. 21 of 95 respectively (p = 0.04). Immediate coronary angiography confirmed a higher incidence and more complete infarct vessel patency (34/55 vs. 30/95) in the patients receiving tissue plasminogen activator or streptokinase (p less than 0.001). Thus, helicopter transfer of patients with evolving myocardial infarction is safe, and early initiation of thrombolytic therapy is associated with increased infarct vessel patency and benign reperfusion arrhythmias.

Aircraft↗