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Biomedical subjects

D Lauer

Publications and source records attributed to D Lauer.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Particulate matter concentration and air quality affected by windblown dust in the Columbia plateau.

The USEPA has proposed to regulate PM(coarse) (particulate matter 2.5 to 10 microm in diameter). Exceedance of the proposed National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for PM(coarse) is expected within the Columbia Plateau of the Pacific Northwest United States based on the high frequency of dust storms and the large contribution of crustal material to fugitive dust in the region. The objective of this study was to explore the implication of the proposed NAAQS for PM(coarse) on air quality. Concurrent observations of both PM10 (particulate matter </=10 microm in diameter) and PM(fine) (particulate matter </=2.5 microm in diameter) were made at Kennewick, WA from 1999 through 2005. Daily PM(coarse) concentration was determined as the difference between PM10 and PM(fine) concentrations. The number of exceedances of the proposed USEPA NAAQS for PM(coarse) was determined for various levels of the standard (the proposed daily level is 70 microg m(-3)). Over the 7 yr of this study, the PM10 standard was exceeded on 16 d with PM(fine) constituting 4 to 7% of PM10. The proposed PM(coarse) standard would have been exceeded on 35 d and represents a 120% increase in the number of exceedances over the current PM10 standard. Changing the level of the proposed PM(coarse) standard to that of the current PM10 standard (150 microg m(-3)) would result in a 20% decrease in the number of exceedances of the PM standard. The results of this study suggest that the proposed NAAQS for PM(fine) and PM(coarse) will be exceeded more frequently than the current PM(fine) and PM10 standard in a region subject to seasonal dust storms.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2006

[Generalized anxiety disorder with comorbidity. Treatment with pregabalin].

The efficacy of pregabalin in treating generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has been shown in recent studies. Our experience and case reports in the present publication indicate that pregabalin can be an effective therapeutic option for patients with GAD and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Treatment with pregabalin should also be considered in patients with partial remission of GAD or intolerability of SSRI or SNRI.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Alpha 2-macroglobulin-mediated degradation of amyloid beta 1--42: a mechanism to enhance amyloid beta catabolism.

Peptides derived from proteolytic degradation of the amyloid precursor protein, e.g., amyloid beta (A beta), are considered to be central to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Soluble A beta is present in measurable concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and blood. There are indications that soluble A beta present in circulation can cross the blood-brain barrier via transcytosis mediated by brain capillary endothelial cells. It implies that A beta originating from circulation may contribute to vascular and parenchymal A beta deposition in AD. Enhancing of A beta catabolism mediated by proteolytic degradation or receptor-mediated endocytosis could be a key mechanism to maintain low concentrations of soluble A beta. To launch A beta clearance we have exploited the A beta-degrading activity of diverse alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M)-proteinase complexes. Complexes with trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, and bromelain strongly degrade (125)I-A beta 1--42 whereas complexes with endogenous proteinases, e.g., plasmin and prostate-specific antigen, were not effective. A beta degradation by the complexes was not inhibited by alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and soybean trypsin inhibitor which normally would inactivate the free serine proteinases. A prerequisite for A beta degradation is its binding to specific binding sites in alpha 2-M that may direct A beta to the active site of the caged proteinase. Ex vivo, enhanced degradation of (125)I-A beta 1--42 in blood could be achieved upon oral administration of high doses of proteinases to volunteers. These results suggest that up-regulation of A beta catabolism could probably reduce the risk of developing AD by preventing A beta accumulation in brain and vasculature.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed2001

Modulation of growth factor binding properties of alpha2-macroglobulin by enzyme therapy.

PURPOSE: To investigate the binding of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) to human alpha2-macroglobulin upon oral treatment of patients with proteases. METHODS: Volunteers were given a cocktail of active proteinases (Phlogenzym) composed of trypsin, bromelain and the additive rutoside orally over a period of 7 days at low dose followed by a bolus application. Before and after medication plasma was immediately withdrawn and binding of 125I-TGF-beta to the proteinase inhibitor alpha2-macroglobulin was determined by electrophoresis and gamma-counting. Cell culture experiments were performed to study the effect of transformed alpha2-macroglobulin on TGF-beta-stimulated proliferation of skin fibroblasts. RESULTS: Ingestion of proteinases was found to trigger the formation of intermediate forms of alpha2-macroglobulin displaying high affinity to TGF-beta. Maximum binding of TGF-beta was observed 1-2 h after bolus ingestion, and steadily levelled off with time. In vitro experiments demonstrated that complex formation of diverse proteinases (trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, bromelain and plasmin) with alpha2-macroglobulin conferred binding of 125I-TGF-beta, alpha2-Macroglobulin transformed by methylamine or proteinases was found to abolish the TGF-beta effect on fibroblasts in cell culture. CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal absorption of proteinases triggers the formation of TGF-beta binding species of alpha2-macroglobulin in blood. Mediated by this process high concentrations of TGF-beta might be reduced via enhanced clearance of alpha2-macroglobulin-TGF-beta complexes. Thus, proteinase therapy may have beneficial effects in treatment of fibrosis and certain cancers accompanied by excessively high TGF-beta concentrations.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Product notebook: occlusive skin paste.

UNLABELLED: When selecting products for the prevention or treatment of skin breakdown due to fecal incontinence and diarrhea, the health care professional should consider the following: ETIOLOGY: The premixed skin paste we tested, Critic-Aid, is an important part of our treatment plan, but it is not a cure for the etiology of loose stools. SAFETY: Use premixed products, or ingredients in an institutional mixture, only in ways approved by the FDA. Convenience: The staffing situation has made the use of time-savers imperative. Quality Control: The product you use or mix should perform consistently. Cost: Choose the most cost-effective product that meets your patients' needs. Conventional treatments and preparations failed to prevent or heal skin breakdown in our patients with fecal incontinence and diarrhea. In response to this problem, we concocted our own institutional mixture, using only ingredients approved by the FDA for use in wounds and consulting the hospital pharmacist at every turn. However, the procedural and potency problems resulting from our institutional mixture prompted us to test a premixed skin paste, Critic-Aid, which exceeded our expectations.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influenza in commercial broiler breeders.

Influenza was detected in a flock of broiler breeders during routine serological monitoring. Although there were no clinical signs, egg production may have been affected in hens on one story of a two-story breeder house. Intensive measures were taken to avoid transmission to other farms. Two months after the flock was found to be serologically positive, sentinel hens were placed in the flock, and they became serologically positive 1 month later. In spite of this evidence for virus being present in the flock, no detectable transmission to any other farm occurred.

Animals↗