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Biomedical subjects

D Lemaigre

Publications and source records attributed to D Lemaigre.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Evaluation of an ambulatory device, CID 102, in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.

Diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is usually performed during overnight polysomnography in the sleep laboratory. In an attempt to simplify the diagnostic strategy, we compared an ambulatory device, CID 102, with polysomnography during the same night in the laboratory in 50 consecutive patients referred for polysomnography. The CID 102 device monitors oxygen saturation, heart rate, body position and tracheal breath sounds. An acoustic pressure sensor is placed on the suprasternal notch. Signals coming from this sensor are amplified and analysed in three different channels, according to their frequency and energy. CID respiratory disturbance index is defined as the number, per hour of analysis time, of apnoeas lasting more than 10 s plus episodes of desaturation by 4% or more associated with pauses lasting from 7-10 s or snores. The polysomnographic data were recorded on paper (Reega 2000, Alvar) and analysed manually. Polysomnographic apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHIp) was defined as the number of apnoeas plus hypopnoeas per hour of sleep. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of various CID respiratory disturbance index (> or = 5, > or = 10, > or = 15 and > or = 20 per hour) in diagnosing obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome were determined. When OSAS was diagnosed as AHIp > or = 15, sensitivity and specificity of a CID respiratory disturbance index > or = 5 were 73 and 62%, respectively. Positive predictive value of CID respiratory disturbance index > or = 10 for AHIp > or = 10 was 94%. CID 102 false negative patients had only hypopnoeas without any desaturation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1992

[Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in adults and cardiovascular risk].

Sleep obstructive apnea syndrome (SOAS) is a common condition with a strong male predominance. Its incidence is more than 1 percent in the population as a whole. It exists in snorers. Both snoring and SOAS are linked to the presence of abnormalities (congenital or acquired) of the upper respiratory tract. The nocturnal cardiovascular consequences of SOAS are directly linked to apnea. Bradycardia occurs during apnea and tachycardia when ventilation restarts. Paroxysmal nocturnal hypertension is a constant feature. Even in individuals who are normotensive during the day, each restarting of ventilation is accompanied by peaking of blood pressure. The pulmonary artery pressure curve follows that of systemic blood pressure. Complications begin when SOAS has been present for several years: 1) Chronic: permanent systemic hypertension is common (56 percent of SOAS). It is often refractory to antihypertensive treatment. 2) Acute: the onset of myocardial infarction and of cerebrovascular accidents explains the heavy mortality of SOAS (37 percent at 8 years in untreated individuals with a number of episodes of apnea exceeding 20 per hour of sleep). Other acute complications are less common: acute pulmonary edema, nocturnal sudden death. These events may be prevented by treatment suppressing apnea: actuarial survival curves are then superimposable upon those of the population as a whole. Thus SOAS is a cardiovascular risk factor which is remarkably reversible by specific treatment, though which most often passes unrecognized.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1990

[Somatosensory evoked potential of the lower extremity in the premature neonate].

The morphology of SEP is a good index of cortical maturation. Cerebral SEP is elicited by stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve at 38 wk post-conceptional age in 37 neonates distributed in 3 groups: I = gestational age (GA) at birth less than 31 wk; II = GA 23-36 wk; III = full-term neonates (FTN). A somatosensory response was identified in only 21 cases (56.8%). The presence of SEP in 3 groups, ie I, II, III, was 45.5%, 53.8% and 69.2% respectively. The morphological characteristics studied (latencies, amplitude and rising time) in these neonates were different: the peak latencies of major positive wave (P1) and rising time were not significantly different between I and III. These parameters were statistically different between II and III. SEP development is linked to some morphological factors-height, and growth-but also to the maturation of the central nervous system (myelinisation and central pathway organization). These results indicate that until 38-39 wk post-conceptional age, the maturation of the central somatosensory pathway is variable at different birth periods; this suggest the possible role of extra-uterine factors of in the acceleration of neurological development.

Electric Stimulation↗
PubMed1989

Magnetopneumography: a general review.

Magnetopneumography is the study of the remanent magnetism of foreign intrathoracic ferromagnetic particles after magnetization by an external magnetic field. Given knowledge of the magnetic characteristics of the inhaled particles, this highly sensitive and non-invasive technique allows the measurement of lung dust loads. Many groups of workers have been examined in this way, e.g. welders, coalminers, asbestos, foundry and steel workers. Magnetopneumography also allows analysis of the distribution of aerocontaminants in the different anatomical structures and, when repeated, the study of clearance speeds and migration from site to site of such particles. Emphasis has been laid on the importance of study of the fading of the remanent magnetic signal as time elapses. This short-term phenomenon, called relaxation, seems highly significant for the study of the dynamic properties of the immediate environment of extra pulmonary particles and especially for the study of macrophage activity.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1988

[Estimation of pulmonary dust load using magnetic pneumography].

If an occupational history enables the identification of subjects at high risk from occupational disease, it yields no information on the individual dust level on account of very important inter-individual variations in pulmonary dust retention. Magnetopneumography is the only technique which enables pulmonary dust loads to be estimated on living subjects. The first measures of dust load by magnetopneumography made at the Ambroise Pare Hospital are reported. By knowing the magnetic properties of occupationally inhaled aero-contaminants, this technique is sensitive and non-invasive and enables the total pulmonary dust load to be estimated from the study of the residual magnetism in the ferromagnetic component of these aero-contaminants. A SQUID magnetometer measures this magnetism on 5 lines of the anterior surface of the thorax after overall magnetisation of the latter by an external magnetic field of 30 kA/m. Measurements were made on 18 male subjects: 5 non-exposed controls and 13 occupationally exposed subjects to these aero-contaminants. The dust load calculated was variable, 0 in the controls and between 0 and 3,065 mg in exposed subjects. For the first time measures were made in 4 dental technicians: their dust load was between 725 and 3,065 mg. The problems posed by this method are broached. Its principle objective is the surveillance of occupationally exposed population to these aero-contaminants of ferromagnetic composition. A decrease in the residual magnetic signal after the cessation of magnetisation was observed in keeping with the data of the literature. This phenomenon, recognised under the term of "relaxation", is evidence of the activity of alveolar macrophages.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Nitroglycerin-induced decrease of carbon monoxide diffusion capacity in acute myocardial infarction reversed by elevating legs.

Hemodynamic and respiratory variables were measured in 18 supine patients with acute myocardial infarction uncomplicated by left ventricular failure. Measurements were done during a control period and then when pulmonary capillary bed filling was decreased by iv injection of 3 mg nitroglycerin (NTG) and finally when pulmonary capillary bed filling was increased by raising the patients' legs. Heart rate increased significantly (p less than .05) ventricular filling, and mean aortic pressures dropped significantly (p less than .001) after NTG injection. Heart rate and mean aortic pressure returned to control level and ventricular filling pressures increased significantly (p less than .001) after elevating patients' legs. Mean carbon monoxide diffusion capacity decreased significantly (p less than .01) from 9.8 +/- 3.4 to 8.5 +/- 2.9 ml/min X mm Hg after NTG injection and increased significantly (p less than .02) to 9.3 +/- 3.5 ml/min X mm Hg after elevating patients' legs. Pulmonary wedge pressure decreased significantly (p less than .001) from 15 +/- 5 to 8 +/- 4 mm Hg after NTG injection and increased significantly (p less than .001) to 10 +/- 4 mm Hg after elevating patients' legs. We conclude that NTG reduces pulmonary capillary filling and pulmonary diffusion by reducing the available pulmonary gas exchange surface.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The beta-blocking effect of diacetolol in humans and its relationship to plasma levels.

The beta-blocking action of diacetolol was studied in six healthy subjects after oral administration of placebo, 200, 400, and 600 mg diacetol in random order by means of exercise tests. Diacetolol plasma levels were determined by the HPLC method. Drug administration had No significant influence on resting heart rate and resting systolic or diastolic blood pressure. The beta-adrenoreceptor blockade was expressed as percentage reduction of exercise heart rate (delta FC%). This value increased with the size of the dose. There was a linear relationship between delta FC% and log plasma levels of diacetolol for each subject, except one. Analysis of variance did not provide a common regression line for all subjects.

Acebutolol↗
PubMed1980

[Relapsing polychondritis with predominant respiratory involvement treated with Dapsone :value of pulmonary function tests (author's transl)].

A 31-year-old patient had developed lesions in the nasal cartilage during infancy, followed by laryngotracheal lesions when 9 years old. The latter lesions recurred when he was 21, followed several years later by an affection of the main left bronchus and the diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis. Initial respiratory function tests showed mainly a reduction in maximum inspiratory flow, due to sequelae in the upper respiratory tract. Repeated tests were able to demonstrate lesions in the main left bronchus, determining severe expiratory slowing. No significant improvement occurred after one year of corticoïd therapy. Treatment with sulfones (Disulone) produced clinical improvement (reappearance of a vesicular murmur in the left lung) and a twofold increase in FEV1. Functional improvement was even better demonstrated by successive flow-volume curves.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Action of acebutolol on heart rate and FEV1 in asthmatic patients. Single intravenous administration and long term oral administration].

In 7 asthmatic patients, intravenous injection of acebutolol resulted in a slowing of the heart rate by blocking the cardiac beta-receptors. An aerosol of isoprenaline, which accelerated the heart, is without effect after intravenous injection of acebutolol. On the contrary, isoprenaline caused similar changes in the FEV1 before and after acebutolol injection in the same patients. This effect confirms the slight action of the compound on the beta2-adrenergic receptors. Prolonged oral administration did not cause any adverse clinical effects in 6 asthmatic patients.

Acebutolol↗
PubMed1975

[Change in blood lactate decrease after submaximal exercise, after stay at moderate altitude].

The study of blood lactate concentration after a submaximum and steadfast exercise shows a lesser rise after three weeks at middle altitude. This can be related with an increase of maximum working capacity as previously demonstrated. The obtained modifications result in part from an increase in oxydative metabolism activity and perhaps from an enhancement of lactate oxydation.

Acclimatization↗