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Biomedical subjects

D Lerner

Publications and source records attributed to D Lerner.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

B-CLL in PLL transformation associated with hypercalcemia.

A 64-year-old woman is reported with Stage I (Rai) chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), in whom hypercalcemia developed when an increased proportion of prolymphocytic cells characterized a transformation of CLL in prolymphocytoid leukaemia (CLL/PL). Although hypercalcemia is more frequently found in T-cell leukaemia associated with human T lymphotropic lymphocyte type I, scattered reports indicate that patients with B-CLL can also be affected with this metabolic disturbance. The case described here, progressed with an indolent course of CLL for 26 months, when she was admitted with a very aggressive disease characterized by a high WBC count, splenomegaly and hypercalcemia. Despite an effort to achieve a clinical remission, she failed treatment and death was attributed to unresponsive hypercalcemia. The mechanism of hypercalcemia in such cases is unclear as no parathyroid adenoma or second malignant tumor was found ante mortem. This electrolytic disturbance would appear to be a direct consequence of the transforming leukaemia and a possible mechanism involving a secreted humoral factor that could lead to altered calcium metabolism.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1994

Family physicians and first-trimester abortion: a survey of residency programs in southern California.

INTRODUCTION: Since abortion has become a focus of increased public attention, it is important to assess family physicians' attitudes and scope of training regarding this outpatient procedure. METHODS: Residents and faculty at eight southern California family practice residency programs were surveyed about their views on first-trimester abortion, and about their interest in training to perform the procedure. RESULTS: While 62.5% of respondents believed abortion to be an appropriate procedure for family physicians to perform, only 19.5% had performed an abortion during the past year. Attitudes about situations in which abortion should be available to women were not associated with age, gender, or ethnicity. Religion of the respondents, however, was significantly associated with attitudes toward abortion. Of respondents without personal objections to the procedure, those who perceived the performance of abortion as appropriate for family physicians were significantly more likely to be interested in further training (48.2%) than those who did not perceive it as appropriate (18.2%, P = .0147). This perception of appropriateness was affected by whether or not a respondent had been offered training; those who had been offered training in abortion were 8.5 times more likely to believe it to be an appropriate procedure for family physicians to perform (P = .0001). CONCLUSION: If the number of family physicians providing abortions is to be increased, residency programs must offer abortion training as a more fully recognized part of the family medicine curriculum.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1993

The pediatric cardiovascular surgery patient: a case study.

The pediatric cardiovascular surgery patient has many needs, based not only on the complexity of the surgical procedure, but also on anatomic, physiologic, and emotional differences. These differences have implications for nursing care in the postoperative period. This article focuses on the special needs of a child who required correction of a congenital heart defect. The specialized knowledge required by the pediatric critical care nurse to make accurate assessments of the child's status and to intervene appropriately are emphasized. Issues surrounding the care of the family of the child who experiences cardiac surgery are highlighted.

Critical Care↗
PubMed1991

Environmental and nutritional factors significantly associated with cancer of the urinary tract among different ethnic groups.

A high incidence rate of urinary tract cancer in the Acre District among the Jewish population compared with the non-Jewish population has been studied. The dietary and environmental factors identified and the possible mechanisms of the protective effect that may be conferred by fluid intake, olives and olive oil, cumin, and pepper (chili pepper and pepper) are discussed.

Condiments↗
PubMed1990

Coronary heart disease in Massachusetts: the years of change (1980-1984).

During this decade, diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) have become far more aggressive and invasive than in prior decades. This study documents rates of hospitalization, use of various treatment options, a case fatality in the state of Massachusetts during 4 of the first 5 years of this decade (1980, 1982, 1983, and 1984). The data base was that of the Massachusetts Health Data Consortium (MHDC), covering all hospital discharges in the state, a total of 3.8 million discharge records for this period. Of these, about 190,000 (5%) fell into two active symptomatic categories of CHD: chronic active coronary disease (CACD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Total hospitalization rate for these CHD categories increased by 17%; this was due both to an increased rate of hospital transfers (or readmissions) and to a larger cohort of patients under care. The case fatality rate for hospitalized CHD decreased approximately 16%, from 9.7% (1980) to 8.1% (1984). In CACD the frequency of coronary angiography (CA) rose; the use of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) increased much faster than the rate of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), with a resultant increase in PTCA as a fraction of total interventions. Similar findings were recorded for AMI, but with much more marked changes, the total intervention rate increasing almost twenty-fold from 1980 to 1984. The statewide mortality rate for hospitalized CHD patients remained essentially unchanged at 71 to 74 hospital deaths per 100,000 population.

Angiography↗
PubMed1988

Refractive index within the lens of a goldfish eye determined from the paths of thin laser beams.

The paths of 15 micron diameter laser beams traversing goldfish eye lenses were photographed. Measurements of these photographs gave experimental data for the distance of the exit point of each ray from the lens axis as a function of the corresponding entrance distance. A number of mathematical models with distinct distributions of refractive index within the lens were analysed by tracing rays to simulate the experimental data. The only distributions for which the simulated and experimental data were in agreement have a refractive index N which varies continuously with distance r from the lens center in a manner consistent with that originally proposed by Matthiessen: N2 = a - br2. Estimates for the central (1.55-1.57) and surface (1.35-1.38) refractive indices of the goldfish eye lens are derived from the preferred model, but these differ from those previously given by Matthiessen for other species. The optical performance of the lens models is also compared by third-order analyses.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Autoxidation and hydrolysis kinetics of the sodium salt of phenylbutazone in aqueous solution.

The present investigation offers experimental results concerning the degradation kinetics of the sodium salt of phenylbutazone based on a reliable HPLC procedure. The method allows the simultaneous determination of the parent compound and its main decomposition products. The degradation kinetics at 37 degrees C were compared at pH 7.9 and 10.0 and under oxygen and nitrogen atmospheres. Parallel tests were carried out in the dark and under photolytic conditions for the aforementioned conditions. The influence of traces of iron and a chelating agent of iron on the degradation was studied. At pH 7.9 and pH 10.0 the main degradation products are 3-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid 1,2-diphenylhydrazide and 3-carboxy-2-oxohexanoic acid 1,2-diphenylhydrazide. Azobenzene is formed only at pH 10.0. At pH 7.9, in the dark, the degradation proceeds with a lag phase. In contrast, no lag phase is observed under photolytic conditions. The process of autoxidation and hydrolysis is catalyzed by traces of iron both in the dark and under irradiation conditions. An unexpected increase in the degradation is observed in the presence of iron(III) and EDTA in aerobic conditions and under irradiation.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of keloid scars by combined cryosurgery and intralesional corticosteroids.

Fifty-eight patients with keloid scars were subjected to combined cryosurgery and intralesional corticosteroid therapy. Complete regression of the scars occurred in 41 patients. In 8 patients the scars improved, and there was no improvement in 9 patients. Keloid scars of the earlobes were the most responsive to treatment. The possibility of differing biological activity of cryosurgery and corticosteroids complementing each other is postulated, and a combination of their respective actions may offer promise in treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Regional burn survey: two years of hospitalized burned patients in central New York.

A 2-year survey of burn victims in a 15-county region was conducted to help define the need for a burn unit. There were 1,165 patients hospitalized for burn care; 58 patients were transferred; 32 to more sophisticated facilities, 15 out of state. The mean hospitalization rate was 33/100,000; 95/100,000 for persons under 2 year old. The 42 hospitals, in the region treated an average of 14 burn patients each year. Scalds accounted for 39% of all burns and 85% of burns in children under 2. Burn-related deaths numbered 143: 4/100,000. House fires were responsible for 90 deaths. Despite incomplete records and the lack of firm criteria for burn severity, regional burn data describe the health care system, as it relates to burns, and identify high risk groups. The range inseverity of thermal injuries is great; the quality of care provided is difficult to assess.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Studies on dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate toxicity: clinical, gross and microscopic pathology in the horse and guinea pig.

Concentrations of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS) ranging from three to five times the recommended dosage produced severe diarrhea, rapid dehydration and death in seven horses and 66 guinea pigs when administered experimentally per os. Clinicopathological findings indicated hemoconcentration in both horses and guinea pigs. There was a leucocytosis in the guinea pigs given the highest dosages. In all cases the principal finding at necropsy was extreme fluid distention of the intestinal tract. There was histopathological evidence of epithelial denudation and vascular stasis. The LD50 in the guinea pig was approximately 0.65 g DSS/kg body weight.

Animals↗