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Biomedical subjects

D Loew

Publications and source records attributed to D Loew.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The interaction of mofebutazone with furosemide.

A study was carried out in 10 healthy male subjects to investigate whether mofebutazone, a phenylbutazone derivative, influenced furosemide-induced diuresis and PGE2 excretion as has been shown with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as aspirin and indomethacin. The subjects received, at random, a single dose of either 40 mg furosemide or 40 mg furosemide plus 600 mg mofebutazone and were then crossed over to the other regimen after 10 days. Urine was collected for 45 minutes before and then for six 45-minute clearance periods after drug administration. Urine volumes and excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, creatinine and the main metabolite of PGE2 were measured at the end of each period, as were blood levels of creatinine and mofebutazone from samples taken before, during and after administration. The results showed no significant differences between the two groups, indicating no interaction between mofebutazone and the diuretic.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Dose-dependent serum concentration of ISDN and its metabolites following administration of ISDN-retard. Studies under steady-state conditions].

In a randomized cross-over trial of four groups of patients (total 49 patients) the serum concentrations of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), isosorbide-2-mononitrate (IS-2-MN) and isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) were measured under steady-state conditions after administration of 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg, respectively, of two ISDN preparations, the two being bioequivalent. At the studied dosage there was a linear relationship between dose and serum concentration of ISDN and its two metabolites in the proportion of 1:6:70. Because the serum concentration of IS-5-MN is so high under steady-state conditions, there is the potential problem of tolerance developing. The drug should therefore be administered at a lower dose twice daily.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Measurement of theophylline absorption from different regions of the gastro-intestinal tract using a remote controlled drug delivery device.

The absorption of a theophylline solution containing 80-120 mg doses delivered to different sites in the gastro-intestinal tract has been determined in 3 male volunteers using a remote controlled drug release system (HF-capsule). There was no difference between the stomach, ileum and the colon in the amount of theophylline absorbed (AUC). The T 1/2abs of theophylline absorbed via the colon was prolonged when compared with that entering via the upper gastro-intestinal tract. The results provide a rational basis for the further development of theophylline formulations and are indispensable for planned development and to account for variation in the bioavailability of retarded release drug preparations.

Absorption↗
PubMed1986

Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone.

The dose dependency of the pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone and its influence on the endogenous secretion of cortisol has been studied in healthy females. The maximum plasma level occurred between 1.6 and 2.0 h after doses of 0.5-3.0 mg independent of the type of administration. AUC, distribution volume, plasma clearance and cmax did not increase in proportion to the dose but only by the factor of about 0.6-0.7 after the oral administration of 0.5-1.5 mg. Comparatively high values were reached after 3.0 mg i.m. This may be due to reduced bioavailability of the oral doses. Within the first 12 h after the administration of 0.5-3.0 mg, endogenous cortisol secretion was influenced independent of dose. However, the suppressive effect after 24 h was dose dependent and amounted to approximately 24% for 0.5 mg p.o., 62% for 1.5 mg p.o. and 90% for 3.0 mg i.m. In the case of administration every second day, the integral reduction within 24 h after the administration of 0.5 mg dexamethasone was 44 to 65% and for 1.5 mg between 59 and 62%.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Mood and appetite during minimal-carbohydrate and carbohydrate-supplemented hypocaloric diets.

After a baseline period of free-feeding, 20 obese outpatients alternated between four 2-wk periods of minimal-carbohydrate diet (800 kcal; 58% protein and 42% fat by weight) and of a carbohydrate-supplemented diet (1,000 kcal; 42% protein, 30% fat, and 28% carbohydrate). In a comparison of psychological adjustment during the baseline and low-calorie diets, the initial 2 wk of dieting was associated with a decrease in appetite and elevation of psychological well-being, regardless of the composition of the diet. Thereafter, appetite and mood approached basal levels. Further changes in these psychological reactions to dieting did not vary with the type of diet. There was no support for the idea that a minimal-carbohydrate, protein-supplemented fast decreases appetite and elevates mood more in comparison with a similar diet containing enough carbohydrate to minimize ketosis.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1985

[Comparative study of the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of isosorbide dinitrate formulations in retard form and in standard preparations by determination of isosorbide-5-mononitrate].

The aim of the study was to determine the relative bioavailability and the pharmacokinetic parameters following administration of a slow-release formulation of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN, Isdin) capsules (20, 40 and 60 mg). A gas chromatographic method was used to determine the plasma concentrations of ISDN and isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN). All of the required pharmacokinetic parameters were ascertained. The study was performed on 12 healthy volunteers in a steady-state crossover design. A comparison of the areas under the plasma concentration/time curves of the test preparations and the commercial preparations showed higher values for the test preparations in all of the investigations. However, these values were only statistically significant for the 40 and 60 mg formulations ISDN and the 60 mg formulation IS-5-MN.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1984

[Therapy of heart failure with combined furosemide retard/triamterene].

20 patients with an average age of 73.3 years suffering from left cardiac insufficiency in stage II to III of the NYHA, who could not be recompensated alone by means of digitalisation, received additionally the diuretic combination furosemide-retard (30 mg)/triamterene (50 mg) for 2 to 3 weeks. Subjective side effects were not observed. The laboratory parameters did not show any substantial changes. A short increase of uric acid and serum creatinine in the older patients returned to normal spontaneously. A decreased potassium level returned to normal; a hyperkaliemia was not observed. The repeated administration of the combination did not lead to any accumulation; only a balanced concentration at a low level appeared. The urine elimination, the decrease in body weight, the regression of the lung congestion and the size of the heart were statistically significant.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Compatibility and efficacy of Meditonsin].

Heavy metals, including mercury, have recently been in discussion in connection with ecology and therapy. As Meditonsin represents a 0,004% solution of mercury cyanide the following were investigated: absorption, excretion, effect on the kidneys and the chemical behaviour of mercury cyanide and other mercury salts as well as the antimicrobial effectivity in in vitro tests. With the dose recommended for adults neither an increase of mercury ions nor an increased excretion of these could be detected in the blood or the urine respectively. Even in minimal inhibitory concentrations Meditonsin is characterised in the in vitro tests by an excellent antimicrobial effect.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the combination of furosemide retard and triamterene.

The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the combination of furosemide retard (30 mg)/triamterene (50 mg) were compared with furosemide (30 mg) in 18 healthy male volunteers aged 39.3 +/- 6.3 years. After the administration of furosemide the onset of its effect was very rapid, reaching a maximum between 1.5 to 3 h, and followed by rebound after 9 to 10.5 h. In contrast the combination furosemide retard/triamterene showed a protracted course with a duration of effect up to 12 h. The general effect over 12h of the two preparations was equivalent with respect to the excretion of urine, sodium, chloride and calcium, but the combination caused significantly less excretion of potassium (p less than or equal to 0.05) than furosemide. After a lag-phase of 33.9 +/- 5.4 min the maximum plasma concentration of furosemide was reached after 3.47 +/- 0.66 h, and the elimination half-life was approximately 2 h. After a lag-phase of 33.0 +/- 17.8 min the maximum plasma concentration of the main metabolite of triamterene, the OH-TA sulphuric acid ester, was reached after 1.7 +/- 0.59 h, and its elimination half-life amounted to 1.25 +/- 0.37 h. Because of the sustained release of furosemide from the retard-formulation, its principal pharmacokinetic parameters were better adapted to those of triamterene. The consequences were not only a protracted effect but also an improved electrolyte profile, especially with regard to reduced loss of potassium. In the case of renal insufficiency, however, the potassium level in serum might be increased to an undesirable extent.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome using subsegmental bronchoalveolar lavage.

To assess the sensitivity of bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in diagnosing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), we prospectively performed 27 bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) in 16 patients either because there was an initially high index of suspicion of PCP or in order to assess therapeutic response to anti-Pneumocystis medication in those patients who had had PCP documented. Pneumocystis organisms were demonstrated on BAL specimens in 16 of 18 procedures in patients with histologic evidence of PCP on simultaneously obtained pulmonary tissue. The diagnosis was established rapidly by BAL and there was no substantial morbidity attributable to the procedure. Subsegmental BAL may be an important and sensitive tool for early diagnosis of PCP in patients with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

A radiopharmacological study without human radiation exposure.

The development, study and control of new drugs today is hardly conceivable without nuclear medicine studies. Nuclear physicians on ethical commissions bear great responsibility in the planning and execution of such studies. In order to protect subjects and patients those nuclear techniques are therefore to be welcome which do not include exposure to radiation. Nuclear techniques used in in-vitro diagnostics (RIA) and the determination of naturally occurring nuclides incorporated in the human body belong to this category. With the aid of a clinico-pharmacological study of a new combination of diuretics it is shown that both methods supply valuable pharmacodynamic evidence.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of the effects of muzolimine and furosemide in patients with end-stage renal failure on chronic dialysis.

The pharmacodynamic effects of muzolimine and furosemide were compared in a single dose cross-over study in 8 patients on regular dialysis treatment, who had a residual diuresis of more than 300 ml/day. The study periods comprised two dialysis-free intervals of 3 days. On the second dialysis-free day either muzolimine 240 mg or furosemide 240 mg was administered orally. Urine was collected in 12-h periods on the pre-treatment, treatment and post-treatment days, and the excretion of sodium, potassium, urea and creatinine were measured. After administration of muzolimine 240 mg urine volume rose to twice that of the previous day, and sodium excretion increased approximately threefold. In contrast, the effect of furosemide 240 mg was not a pronounced; the diuresis was only 1.6 times that on the previous day and natriuresis was only 2.2 times as large. Excretion of potassium and creatinine was only slightly increased by either substance. The elimination of urea was increased by both substances to the same degree as the corresponding increase in diuresis.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1980

[The treatment of transitory ischemic attacks with acetylsalicylic acid: results of a double-blind-study (author's transl)].

In a randomised double-blind longterm study the value of acetylsalicylic acid in prophylaxis against relapse was investigated against placebo in 58 patients with transitory ischemic attacks of prolonged reversible insults. During the 24 months of observation, significantly fewer relapses of cerebral ischemia occurred in patients with carotid transient ischemia attacks under acetylsalicyclic acid than in the control group. The recurrences usually took the form of transitory ischemic attacks. Of the 5 cerebral infarcts, 4 occurred in the control group, 3 patients died. Patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency showed no response. On account of the relatively small number of patients the result of the study is to be regarded rather as a confirmation of the results of a larger series of investigations in the USA and Canada than solely a proof of the efficacy of acetylsalicylic acid.

Aspirin↗