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Biomedical subjects

D Lohmann

Publications and source records attributed to D Lohmann.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Individualized sulfasalazine treatment of ulcerative colitis and monitoring of patient compliance by determining sulfapyridine serum concentration].

Sulphasalazine (SASP) is the drug of choice in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). But there are adverse effects in 20-30% dependent on the serum-level of the resorbed SASP-metabolite sulphapyridine (SP). Relapses during treatment may have their cause in an under-dosage or patient's non-compliance. In 19 patients with UC the possibility of an individualized most effective treatment and the patient's compliance by the simple practicable analysis of SP-serum-level were checked. The results show that it is necessary to dose the SASP in dependence of the genetically determined type of acetylation. The SASP-dosage must be decreased in patients with slow acetylation and vice versa consequently. After rectal SASP-application - in opposite to the oral treatment - significant lower serum levels of SP were analyzed. In 63.1% of the patients we found an insufficient of non-compliance.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[New derivatives of 5,10-dihydro-11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine-11-ones with anticholinergic activity].

Starting from 2-aminobenzoic acid and correspondingly substituted 2-chloronitrobenzenes, 5-substituted-aminoacyl-5,10-dihydro-11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin -11- one derivatives with a differently high activity on ulcers were prepared. 8-Chloro-5,10-dihydro-5-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)a-minoacetyl]-11H- dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin-11-one hydrochloride (AWD 26-06) was selected for further clinical evaluation.

Benzodiazepinones↗
PubMed1990

[Effects of a conservative stomatological treatment on central and peripheral stress parameters and the influence of a beta-adrenergic blocking agent].

Under conservative stomatological treatment the behaviour of peripheral stress parameters is investigated in connection with an estimation of the subjective state of health as well as for the first time in the ambulatory stomatology the STH secretion as an expression of a central stress reaction. The possibility of the central nervous as well as cardiovascular influence by an unusual premedication form of the beta-adrenergic blocking agent "Obsidan" is estimated in various stages of treatment in comparison to a placebo application.

Dental Cavity Preparation↗
PubMed1990

[Synthesis and pharmacologic properties of pranolium and its optical isomers].

Propranolol is a well-known powerful betareceptor-blocking agent. Its quaternary dimethyl derivative, designated as pranolium was firstly prepared by Lucchesi. Compared to propranolol it possesses no betareceptor-blocking activity and no local anaesthetic properties but shows the same antiarrhythmic action as the starting material. The synthesis of pranolium and its optical isomers starting from the corresponding propranolol derivatives is described. Their pharmacological activities have been tested. No significant differences regarding the pharmacological action could be observed.

Aconitine↗
PubMed1990

[Potential cardiotonic agents. 6. Synthesis and cardiovascular properties of 5-(4-pyridinyl)-, 6-methyl-5-(4-pyridinyl)- and 6-methyl-5-phenyl-substituted 3-cyano-2-oxaalkyoxy-pyridines].

The headline compounds were prepared by the reaction of 2-chloropyridines 1-3 with the appropriate alcohols in presence of potassium hydroxide and the sodium alkoxides, respectively. Especially some of the 3-cyano-2-hydroxyalkoxy-5-(4-pyridinyl)pyridines showed remarkable positive inotropic potency and, additionally, a vasodilator activity. In spontaneously beating isolated guinea pig atria they had a greater activity than amrinone.

Amrinone↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical symptoms and duration of anamnesis in patients with hypophyseal tumors].

In 88 patients with operated pituitary tumours a retrospective statement of the duration of the disease up to the beginning of the therapy was carried out. In the case of the prolactin secreting tumours the times of anamnesis are approximately only half as long as in the comparable data of literature. The cause of this may by the large proportion of macroprolactinomas among our patients. In acromegaly the duration of the disease is from 3/4 to 25 years. By their insiduous clinical progression hormone-inactive tumours render an exact dating of the beginning of the disease impossible. Issuing from the still too long times of anamnesis the clinical symptoms of the endocrine-active and endocrine-inactive pituitary tumours relevant to practice are demonstrated. Including these symptoms into differential-diagnostic consideration an early diagnosing should be possible at least in endocrine-active tumours.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1989

Photoactivation and photocontrolled release of bioactive materials.

Photoresponsive systems are widespread in nature, and life processes such as photosynthesis, vision, phototropism, and phototaxis are linked with structural changes of molecules caused by sunlight. Similar photochemical transformations can be employed to render synthetic agrochemicals and drugs active or to govern their bioavailability at the site of action. Related fundamental physical and chemical processes are discussed as part of the introductory paragraph. In agrochemical applications mainly three different ways have been reported as to how light can be utilized to optimize pesticidal effects in crop protection. The hypersensitization of certain pests to sunlight by chemical compounds represents an effective approach and exists also as a natural mechanism of defense. Photo-removable protective groups and various photoreactive structural moieties have successfully been applied for the rational design of light-activated propesticides. Finally, daylight can function as a triggering and governing factor in controlled-release systems based on photoresponsive polymers. Among the major advantages of light-regulated pesticides, the target-directed activation and the inherent detoxification predominate. In biomedical applications, light has also been used to activate compounds to time their action. Although radiation of various types (microwave, X-ray, and gamma radiation) has been used extensively for both treatment and diagnostics, the limited access of UV and visible light to most tissues of the body prevents its general use as the activating trigger. We review here three areas only: cutaneous photobiology-related applications; photoaffinity labeling; and porphyrins as therapeutic agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Synthesis of 3-cyano-6-methyl-4-pyridyl-2(1H)-pyridinethiones as well as 2-substituted 6-methyl-4-pyridyl-pyridine-3-carbonitriles and 3-carbonic acid amides, respectively, and testing their cardiovascular activity].

By the base catalyzed reaction of our previously described 3-cyano-6-methyl-4-pyridyl-2(1H)-pyridinethiones 1 and 2, respectively, with branched and unbranched, respectively, alkyl, aralkyl-, alkinyl-, hydroxyalkyl-, ethoxycarbonyl- and carbamoylalkylhalides the new in 2-position substituted 6-methyl-4-pyridyl-pyridine-3-carbonitriles 15-30 were formed. By means of oxidation of the 2-methylthio-substituted pyridine-3-carbonitriles 3 and 4 with potassium periodate and potassium permanganate in diluted acetic acid, respectively, the sulfinyl compounds 5 and 6, respectively, and the sulfonyl compounds 7 and 8, respectively, were prepared. By heating of 3 and 4, respectively, with concentrated sulphuric acid the 2-methylthio-pyridine-3-carboxamides 9 and 10 were obtained. The oxidation of these compounds with potassium periodate and potassium permanganate, respectively, had yield the pyridines 11 and 12, respectively, as well as 13 and 14, respectively.

Amides↗
PubMed1988

Clinical experience with a radioreceptor assay for TSH-binding inhibiting immunoglobulins (TBII).

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical value of a commercial kit for determination of TBII. Forty-seven of 50 patients with untreated hyperthyroid Graves' disease were TBII positive (sensitivity 94%). TBII was in the normal range in all normal volunteers and in patients with simple goiter, thyroid cancer and in most cases of nonimmunogenic hyperthyroidism (19 of 22). After 12 months antithyroid drug therapy with methimazole of 21 patients the prevalence of positive TBII findings was 28%. In contrast to this, 50 percent of the patients had increased microsomal antibodies at the end of therapy. The determination of TBII by TRAK-assay proved to be a sensitive, specific and practical method. The assay can be used to differentiate between hyperthyroidism of autoimmune or nonimmunogenic origin. Even so this method seems to be helpful for the follow-up during medical treatment of patients with Graves' disease. The results indicate that persistence of increased TBII levels are markers of active Graves' disease and suggest that in this situation ablative measures should be performed. Normalization of TBII on the end of a longstanding antithyroid therapy does not exclude the possibility of relapse in the further course.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1988

[Lipoprotein metabolism in patients with disordered thyroid gland function before and following therapy].

Clinical manifest hypothyreosis leads to changes of plasma lipoproteins, which are characterized by elevated LDL levels, an increase of the relation LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, an elevation of the quotient cholesterol/triglycerides within the VLDL and an increase of the relation HDL2/HDL3. Both these changes and the diminished activities of post-heparin lipase of hepatic and extrahepatic origin are reversible after substitution therapy. On the contrary, patients with hyperthyreosis M. Basedow show low lipoprotein levels, high activities of post-heparin lipase and an elevation of the relation of the apolipoproteins apo C II/apo C III within the VLDL fraction.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Synthesis of 3-substituted 6-methyl-4-pyridyl-2 (1H) pyridones and testing of their cardiovascular action].

Reaction of our previously described and in 4- and 6-, respectively, position with 3- and 4-, respectively, substituted 3-cyan-2(1H)-pyridones 4 and 5 with concentrated sulphuric acid had yielded the 3-carbamoyl-pyridones 8 and 9. Hofmann reaction was followed and the 3-amino substituted pyridones 10 and 11 were formed. As by-products the 5-bromo substituted 3-amino-pyridones 12 and 13 were obtained. 4 and 5 were refluxed in the presence of diluted sulphuric acid to yield the decarboxylated pyridones 14 and 15. Cardiotonic Activity of the compounds 4-9 compared to amrinone (Cordemcura) was investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Defect of cellular suppressor function in the pathogenesis of type I diabetes mellitus.

In 29 out of 30 type I diabetic patients the peripheral blood lymphocytes induced an insulin release from isolated rat islets which was regarded as a cytotoxic effect, i.e. a model of beta cell destruction in diabetes mellitus. In 11 out of 12 cases, this effect was inhibited by the in-vitro addition of lymphocytes from healthy probands. Thus the activation of cytotoxic T-cells demonstrated by this observation might be the consequence of a defect in suppressor cell function. Consequently, the transfusion in vivo of lymphocytes from healthy probands strongly reduced the cytotoxic reaction of the lymphocytes from newly diagnosed diabetic recipients in vitro.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A follow-up study of cell-mediated cytotoxicity and beta cell function in type I diabetes.

In 20 patients with a newly diagnosed type I diabetes mellitus a cytotoxic effect of blood lymphocytes against beta cells of the pancreas of neonatal rats could be demonstrated. This effect remained nearly unchanged during the first 12 months of control. During the course up to 18 months, the cytotoxicity decreased significantly. After stimulation with glucose and glucagon, a C-peptide secretion was demonstrated in all patients during the first 12 months but it decreased thereafter. The follow-up study showed cell-mediated immune reactions against beta cells in type I diabetics as long as the existence of beta cells can be assumed on the basis of functional tests. Thus the immune process seems to depend on the presence of the specific antigen.

Adolescent↗