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Biomedical subjects

D Lynch

Publications and source records attributed to D Lynch.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Two outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease in Bolton Health District.

In 1988, there were two outbreaks of legionellosis in Bolton Health District. Altogether 37 cases of Legionnaires' disease and 23 cases of non-pneumonic legionellosis were identified. Twenty-five patients with Legionnaires' disease were associated with an engineering plant, 4 with Bolton town centre, and 8 with both the plant and town centre. Twenty-two people with non-pneumonic legionellosis were linked with the engineering plant and one with the plant and the town centre. A case-control study carried out among 37 employees with legionellosis and 109 control subjects at the plant showed that infection was associated with one of the 15 cooling towers on the site. Legionella pneumophila indistinguishable by serological and genetic typing methods was isolated from this cooling tower and from sputum samples from two patients. In the town centre, no one tower was linked with infection and L. pneumophila was not cultured from any of the nine towers identified. Control measures were implemented and to date there have been no further cases of legionellosis associated with Bolton Health District.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

An outbreak of Salmonella saint-paul infection associated with beansprouts.

In March 1988, there was an outbreak of infection by a strain of Salmonella saint-paul with a distinctive antigenic marker. A total of 143 reports were received between 1 March and 7 June. Preliminary investigations suggested that raw beansprouts were a possible source of infection and a case-control study confirmed the association. S. saint-paul of the epidemic type was isolated from samples of beansprouts on retail sale in different cities in the United Kingdom and from mung bean seeds on the premises of the producer who was most strongly associated with cases. In addition, Salmonella virchow PT34 was isolated from samples of raw beansprouts and was subsequently associated with seven cases of infection. Four other serotypes of salmonella were also isolated from beansprouts. On 8 April the public were advised to boil beansprouts for 15 seconds before consumption, and the premises of the one producer associated with many cases were closed. As a result of these actions there was a significant decrease in the number of infections with S. saint-paul.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Thoracic manifestations of Wegener granulomatosis: diagnosis and course.

A combination of cytotoxic and corticosteroid therapy has dramatically improved the long-term survival of patients with Wegener granulomatosis. With extended survival, patients now experience diverse cardiopulmonary abnormalities that represent primary or secondary manifestations of the disease or that result from diagnosis and treatment. To evaluate these abnormalities, the authors reviewed the medical histories and chest radiologic findings of 19 patients with the histologic diagnosis of Wegener granulomatosis. In these patients thoracic images demonstrated parenchymal nodules or consolidations with cavitation, diffuse interstitial disease, mediastinal or hilar adenopathy, and isolated stenoses of the larynx or tracheobronchial tree. Intrathoracic relapse occurred in 18 cases; in one-third of these patients, findings at relapse differed from those at initial presentation. Complications from diagnosis or therapy occurred in nine patients. Pulmonary infection was the most frequent complication causing morbidity and was often clinically indistinguishable from the primary disease; it complicated relapse in five patients. The successful radiologic follow-up of patients with Wegener granulomatosis requires a consideration of the varied thoracic manifestations of both the primary disease and the complications of its treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Pulmonary infiltrates associated with sulindac therapy.

Pulmonary infiltrates, cough, dyspnea, and fever developed in a 62-year-old woman with chronic degenerative arthritis who had been receiving sulindac therapy for six months. Her pulmonary signs and symptoms resolved upon withholding the drug. Inadvertent rechallenge resulted in rapid recurrence of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary infiltrates. This constellation of clinical findings provides strong evidence of isolated pulmonary reactions as a complication of sulindac therapy.

Drug Hypersensitivity↗
PubMed1989

Case-control study of infections with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 in England.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the source of indigenous sporadic infection with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4. DESIGN: Case-control study of primary sporadic cases identified by the Public Health Laboratory Service between 1 August and 30 September 1988. SETTING: PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Division of Enteric Pathogens, 11 PHLS laboratories, and 42 local authority environmental health departments in England. SUBJECTS: 232 Patients (cases) with confirmed primary sporadic infection, for 160 of whom (88 female) (median age 30 years, age range 4 months to 85 years) data were obtained by questionnaire about consumption of fresh eggs, egg products, precooked chicken, and minced meat in the three days and one week before onset of the symptoms. Up to three controls, matched for neighbourhood, age, and sex (if aged greater than 11 years), were asked the same questions for the same calendar period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Association of primary sporadic infection with consumption of suspected food items. RESULTS: Illness due to S enteritidis phage type 4 was significantly associated with consumption of raw shell egg products (homemade mayonnaise, ice cream, and milk drinks containing eggs) (matched p = 0.02) and shop bought sandwiches containing mayonnaise (matched p = 0.00004) or eggs (matched p = 0.02). Illness was also significantly associated with eating lightly cooked eggs (unmatched p = 0.02), but not soft boiled eggs, and precooked hot chicken (matched p = 0.006). Reported consumption of eggs was not appreciably different between cases and controls before or after the median date of interview. CONCLUSIONS: Fresh shell eggs, egg products, and precooked hot chicken are vehicles of S enteritidis phage type 4 infection in indigenous sporadic cases. Public health education and reduction in contamination of eggs and infection of poultry with S enteritidis are needed to reduce the incidence of human infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The product of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene has properties of a cell cycle regulatory element.

The retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product, Rb, is suspected to suppress cell growth. Rb is a 110-114 kd nuclear phosphoprotein. We have previously demonstrated that SV40 T antigen binds only to unphosphorylated Rb, and not pp112-114Rb, the family of phosphorylated Rb. Here we demonstrate the cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation of Rb. In G0/G1 cells, virtually all the Rb is unphosphorylated. In contrast, during S and G2, it is largely, if not exclusively, phosphorylated. Rb phosphorylation occurs at the G1/S boundary in several cell types tested. A 14 residue peptide, corresponding to the SV40 T domain required for transformation, is able to compete effectively with SV40 T for binding to p110Rb. We propose a model to explain how Rb may suppress cell growth by acting as a cell cycle regulatory element.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Large outbreak of food poisoning caused by Salmonella typhimurium definitive type 49 in mayonnaise.

An investigation was conducted to determine the vehicle of infection of an outbreak of food poisoning in a large metropolitan building early in 1988. A questionnaire was distributed to 700 people who had eaten in the building during the week of the outbreak, and attack rates for specific food were calculated. Food and stool samples, environmental samples, and eggs and environmental swabs from the egg suppliers were examined microbiologically. Altogether 474 questionnaires were returned, 120 people reporting gastrointestinal illness. The illness was significantly associated with foods containing mayonnaise. Salmonella typhimurium definitive type 49 was isolated from 76 of the 84 stool samples containing salmonella and from five of the eight samples taken from the chicken house of the main egg supplier. Mayonnaise was probably the vehicle of infection, which was caused by S typhimurium definitive type 49.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Two outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 infection associated with the consumption of fresh shell-egg products.

In 1988 there were two outbreaks of infection with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 in adjacent local authorities. The first affected 18 of 75 helpers and guests who attended a private function. Investigations revealed that home-made vanilla ice-cream containing uncooked eggs was the vehicle of infection and the causative organism was identified at the premises of the egg producer. The second affected 84 of 422 delegates attending a conference dinner, and 12 of 50 hotel staff at risk. A dessert made with lightly-cooked egg yolk and raw egg white was associated with infection, and the epidemic strain was cultured from the shell of an egg and an environmental sample from the producer's farm. It is of interest that one outbreak involved free-range and one battery-produced eggs, and that in one the vehicle was prepared at home and in the other in commercial premises. In neither incident was any deficiency in standards of egg production or catering practice discovered.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A national outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium DT 124 caused by contaminated salami sticks.

An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium DT 124 infection which affected 101 people in England in December 1987 and January 1988 was detected through surveillance of laboratory reports from medical microbiology laboratories of the NHS and PHLS. Within 1 week of noting the increase in reports, epidemiological and microbiological investigations identified a small German salami stick as the vehicle of infection and the product was withdrawn from sale. The epidemiological investigation highlighted the occurrence of a long incubation period, bloody diarrhoea. Prompt recognition and investigation of the outbreak prevented further cases of severe infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Computed tomography in the diagnosis of asbestos-related thoracic disease.

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has improved the radiologist's ability to detect and potentially quantify the abnormalities of asbestos exposure. It has proved to be more sensitive than chest radiography for detecting pleural plaques and for discriminating between pleural fibrosis and extrapleural fat. HRCT is also more sensitive than chest radiography or conventional CT for detecting parenchymal abnormalities in asbestos-exposed persons. The HRCT findings that correlate with other parameters of asbestosis include (1) septal and centrilobular thickening, (2) parenchymal fibrous bands, (3) honeycomb patterns, (4) subpleural density persisting in the prone position, and (5) subpleural curvilinear lines that persist in the prone position. CT has an important role in evaluating benign and malignant lung and pleural masses in asbestosis.

Asbestosis↗
PubMed1988

Who should measure quality of life, the doctor or the patient?

The extent to which a doctor or health professional can make a valid assessment of a patient's quality of life, anxiety and depression was investigated in a series of cancer patients. Doctors and patients filled out the same forms, viz. the Karnofsky, Spitzer, Linear Analogue Self Assessment Scales and a series of simple scales designed for this study, at the same time. Correlations between the two sets of scores were poor, suggesting that the doctors could not accurately determine what the patients felt. A further study examining the reproducibility of these scales demonstrated considerable variability in results between different doctors. It is concluded that if a reliable and consistent method of measuring quality of life in cancer patients is required, it must come from the patients themselves and not from their doctors and nurses.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1988

Normal and diseased isolated lungs: high-resolution CT.

High-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans of 12 isolated, inflated, fresh lungs obtained at autopsy were compared with thin, paper-mounted lung sections obtained at the same levels. In six lungs considered intrinsically normal, high-resolution CT showed normal interlobular septa and pulmonary arteries in the lobular core, but lobular bronchioles were not visible. Edematous fluid resulted in thickening and increased visibility of interlobular septa. In three emphysematous lungs, high-resolution CT accurately demonstrated the degree of emphysema and suggested its centrilobular nature. In two lungs with honeycombing, cysts lined by fibrosis were easily seen on high-resolution CT scans. In less severely involved areas, septal thickening and intralobular fibrosis were seen on high-resolution CT scans, but small (1 mm) cysts were invisible. High-resolution CT was able to demonstrate some features of the normal secondary pulmonary lobule and structural alterations produced by various diseases.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Stimulation of neutrophil production in CSF-1-responsive clones.

The hematopoietic growth factor CSF-1 has been considered relatively lineage specific for the production of macrophages, whereas GM-CSF elicits a predominance of neutrophils. It is likely that in vivo, individual clones are stimulated by the two CSFs, although the effect of dual stimulation on progenitors and their progeny has not been completely explored. We found that in cultures initiated with low concentrations of CSF-1 or GM-CSF, alone or in combination, production of macrophages predominated. Maximally stimulatory concentrations of CSF-1 elicited a predominance of macrophages, whereas maximal GM-CSF elicited many more neutrophil/macrophage colonies and pure neutrophil colonies. A combination of maximal CSF-1 and GM-CSF elicited the same differentiation as GM-CSF alone. Delayed addition of GM-CSF to cultures initiated with CSF-1 elicited colonies indistinguishable from GM-CSF alone, suggesting that neutrophil production had been switched on by GM-CSF. In mapping studies, colonies initiated by CSF-1 increased or switched on neutrophil production when GM-CSF was added as a second stimulus. These studies show that individual clones are responsive to both CSFs, and that the differentiating influence of GM-CSF predominates over that of CSF-1. In cultures to which only CSF-1 was added, a population of progenitors was sustained that produced neutrophils only after a GM-CSF stimulus. Thus, CSF-1 may participate in maintaining a reserve of progenitors for neutrophils during periods of increased neutrophil demand.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Esophageal function in diabetes mellitus with special reference to acid studies and relationship to peripheral neuropathy.

Esophageal function in 20 subjects with diabetes mellitus was assessed using esophageal manometry, 24-hr ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring, and esophageal scintigraphy. Seven patients had abnormal esophageal manometric studies, and this abnormality was significantly associated with peripheral neuropathy. Almost half of the subjects studied demonstrated excessive gastroesophageal acid reflux, but there was no correlation between the likelihood of abnormal reflux and the presence of peripheral neuropathy. Esophageal scintigraphy was relatively insensitive in the detection of abnormal esophageal function in diabetics.

Adult↗